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Ferracane JL. A Historical Perspective on Dental Composite Restorative Materials. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:173. [PMID: 39057295 PMCID: PMC11277709 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article will discuss the origin of resin-based dental composite materials and their adoption as potentially useful adjuncts to the primary material used by most dentists for direct restorations. The evolution of the materials, largely driven by the industry's response to the needs of dentists, has produced materials that are esthetic, strong, and versatile enough to be used in most areas of the oral cavity to replace or restore missing tooth structures. Significant advancements, such as the transition from chemical to light-curing materials, refinements in reinforcing particles to produce optimum polishing and wear resistance, formulating pastes with altered viscosities to create highly flowable and highly stiff materials, and creating materials with enhanced depth of cure to facilitate placement, will be highlighted. Future advancements will likely reflect the movement away from simply being a biocompatible material to one that is designed to produce some type of beneficial effect upon interaction within the oral environment. These new materials have been called "bioactive" by virtue of their potential effects on bacterial biofilms and their ability to promote mineralization of adjacent tooth structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Cui J, Zhao S, Zhang G, Gao A, Yan Y. Structural design and preparation of Ti 3C 2T x MXene/polymer composites for absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3549-3574. [PMID: 37441247 PMCID: PMC10334419 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a pervasive and harmful phenomenon in modern society that affects the functionality and reliability of electronic devices and poses a threat to human health. To address this issue, EMI-shielding materials with high absorption performance have attracted considerable attention. Among various candidates, two-dimensional MXenes are promising materials for EMI shielding due to their high conductivity and tunable surface chemistry. Moreover, by incorporating magnetic and conductive fillers into MXene/polymer composites, the EMI shielding performance can be further improved through structural design and impedance matching. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in MXene/polymer composites for absorption-dominated EMI shielding applications. We summarize the fabrication methods and EMI shielding mechanisms of different composite structures, such as homogeneous, multilayer, segregated, porous, and hybrid structures. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these structures in terms of EMI shielding effectiveness and the absorption ratio. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of magnetic and conductive fillers in modulating the electrical properties and EMI shielding performance of the composites. We also introduce the methods for evaluating the EMI shielding performance of the materials and emphasize the electromagnetic parameters and challenges. Finally, we provide insights and suggestions for the future development of MXene/polymer composites for EMI shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Zhang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ailin Gao
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yehai Yan
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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Gopinath PM, Parvathi VD, Yoghalakshmi N, Kumar SM, Athulya PA, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Plastic particles in medicine: A systematic review of exposure and effects to human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135227. [PMID: 35671817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastics (SUPs) have become an essential constituent of our daily life. It is being exploited in numerous pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Despite their advantages and widespread use in the pharma and medical sectors, the potential clinical problems of plastics, especially the release of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) and additives from medical plastics (e.g. bags, containers, and administrative sets) and sorption of drugs remain understudied. Certainly, the MNPs are multifaceted stressors that cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem and human health. The origin and persistence of MNPs in pharmaceutical products, their administration to humans, endurance and possible health implication, translocation, and excretion have not been reviewed in detail. The prime focus of this article is to conduct a systematic review on the leaching of MNPs and additives from pharmaceutical containers/administrative sets and their interaction with the pharmaceutical constituents. This review also explores the primary and secondary routes of MNPs entry from healthcare plastic products and their potential health hazards to humans. Furthermore, the fate of plastic waste generated in hospitals, their disposal, and associated MNPs release to the environment, along with preventive, and alternative measures are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Yoghalakshmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Madhan Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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de Lucena F, Lewis S, Fugolin A, Furuse A, Ferracane J, Pfeifer C. Triacrylamide-Based Adhesives Stabilize Bonds in Physiologic Conditions. J Dent Res 2022; 101:647-654. [PMID: 35001681 PMCID: PMC9124905 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211061736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an acrylamide-based adhesive was combined with a thiourethane-based composite to improve bond stability and reduce polymerization stress, respectively, of simulated composite restorations. The stability testing was conducted under physiologic conditions, combining mechanical and bacterial challenges. Urethane dimethacrylate was combined with a newly synthesized triacrylamide (TMAAEA) or HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate; control) to produce a 2-step total-etch adhesive system. Methacrylate-based composites (70 wt% silanized filler) were formulated, containing thiourethane oligomers at 0 (control) or 20 wt%. Standardized preparations in human third molars were restored; then, epoxy replicas were obtained from the occlusal surfaces before and after 7-d storage in water or with Streptococcus mutans biofilm, which was tested after storage in an incubator (static) or the bioreactor (mechanical challenge). Images were obtained from the replicas (scanning electron microscopy) and cross sections of the samples (confocal laser scanning microscopy) and then analyzed to obtain measurements of gap, bacterial infiltration, and demineralization. Microtensile bond strength of specimens stored in water or biofilm was assessed in 1-mm2 stick specimens. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). HEMA-based materials had greater initial gap measurements, indicating more efficient bonding for the acrylamide materials. When tested in water, the triacrylamide-based adhesive had smaller gaps in the incubator or bioreactor. In the presence of biofilm, there was less difference among materials, but the acrylamide/thiourethane combination led to statistically lower gap formation in the bioreactor. HEMA and TMAAEA-based adhesives produced statistically similar microtensile bond strengths after being stored in water for 7 d, but after the same period with biofilm-challenged specimens, the TMAAEA-based adhesives were the only ones to retain the initial bond strength values. The use of a stable multiacrylamide-based adhesive led to the preservation of the resin-dentin bonded interface after a physiologically relevant challenge. Future studies will include a multispecies biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.S. de Lucena
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - S.H. Lewis
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A.P.P. Fugolin
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A.Y. Furuse
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - J.L. Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C.S. Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Natural Fibers as an Alternative to Synthetic Fibers in Reinforcement of Geopolymer Matrices: A Comparative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152493. [PMID: 34372097 PMCID: PMC8347070 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer materials have been gaining ground in the civil construction sector not only for having superior physical properties when compared to conventional cement, but also for being less harmful to the environment, since the synthesis of the geopolymer does not release toxic gases or require high energy costs. On the other hand, geopolymer materials like cementitious matrices have low flexural strength and have fragile breakage. To overcome these deficiencies, the insertion of fibers in geopolymeric matrices has been evaluated as a solution. Although most research on this practice focuses on the use of synthetic fibers, the use of natural fibers has been growing and brings as an advantage the possibility of producing an even more ecological material, satisfying the need to create eco-friendly materials that exists today in society. Thus, this paper aimed to, through the evaluation of research available in the literature, understand the behavior of fibers in geopolymer matrices, identify similarities and differences between the performance of geopolymer composites reinforced with natural and synthetic fibers and, understanding that it is possible, point out ways to optimize the performance of these composites.
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