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Tefera Y, Soebarto V, Bishop C, Kandulu J, Williams C. A Scoping Review of Urban Planning Decision Support Tools and Processes That Account for the Health, Environment, and Economic Benefits of Trees and Greenspace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 38248513 PMCID: PMC10815116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Compelling evidence shows that trees and greenspaces positively impact human well-being and the environment and offer economic benefits. Nevertheless, there exists a knowledge gap regarding the extent to which this evidence is efficiently incorporated into existing urban planning decision-making processes. This scoping review identified the extent to which urban planning decision-making frameworks, models, and tools consider the health, environmental, and economic benefits of trees and greenspace. Out of 28 reviewed studies, 11 (39%) reported on frameworks, models, and tools that take into account the health, environmental, and economic dimensions of trees and greenspace. Additionally, seven studies provided comprehensive coverage of at least one of the three key dimensions. However, none of the decision support frameworks, models, or tools comprehensively integrated all three dimensions, with only two tools (7%) scoring above 50% (five or more out of nine) in terms of comprehensiveness. This review highlights the urgent need to incorporate the true economic and monetary values of the health and environmental benefits of trees and greenspace to inform urban development decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatal Tefera
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (C.W.)
- Centre for Health in All Policies Research Translation, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Veronica Soebarto
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Courtney Bishop
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (C.W.)
| | - John Kandulu
- School of Economics and Public Policy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Carmel Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (C.W.)
- Centre for Health in All Policies Research Translation, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Lu Y, Su Y, Cui C, Ren L, Zhang K, Wang Y, Yang J, Huang Y. Adaptability of water resources development and utilization to social-economy system in Hunan province, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19472. [PMID: 37945673 PMCID: PMC10636202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay of water resources with social-economy spheres involves a reciprocal feedback mechanism. With the acceleration of the construction process of modernized water networks in Hunan Province, investigating the adaptation status of the "Water-Social-Economy " composite system (WSE) is crucial for promoting sustainability. This study clarifies the connotation of the adaptability of WSE, and the quantitative analyses were conducted through coupling coordinative degree, harmonious development capacity, and the evolution of development lag types among the 14 cities of Hunan Province from 2005 to 2020. The results show that: (1) The development index of the water resources subsystem (WRS) showed a "downward-fluctuation-upward" trend, while the development index of the social-economy subsystem (SES) showed signs of great improvement, the former didn't catch up with the latter. (2) The coupling coordination degree of WSE developed well, and reached the coordinative development stage by 2020, but the unbalanced spatial pattern between north to south and east to west still exists and is further intensified. (3) The development ability of WSE improved while the harmony ability reduced, and the development rate of WRS and SES hasn't achieved dynamic synchronization. Finally, the policies and suggestions to improve the adaptability are put forward, which is of instructive significance for the sustainable development of water suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Ying Su
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Can Cui
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yuzhang Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Yuequn Huang
- Hunan Provincial Water Resources Development & Investment Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
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3
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Robinson EJZ. Climate friendly public health policies make economic sense. BMJ 2023; 383:2236. [PMID: 37793690 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science
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Kinol AD, Arango-Quiroga J, Kuhl L. Opportunities for Nature-based Solutions to contribute to Climate-Resilient Development Pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 62:101297. [PMID: 37377639 PMCID: PMC10299796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
There is potential for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to contribute to Climate Resilient Development (CRD) due to their integrated approach to mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development. However, despite alignment between NbS and CRD's objectives, realization of this potential is not guaranteed. A CRD Pathways (CRDP) approach helps to analyze the complexities of the relationship between CRD and NbS, and a climate justice lens enables the identification of the multiple ways that NbS can support or undermine CRD by foregrounding the politics inherent in deciding between NbS trade-offs. We use stylized vignettes of potential NbS to examine how the dimensions of climate justice reveal the potential of NbS to contribute to CRDP. We consider tensions in NbS projects between local and global climate objectives, and the potential for NbS framing to reinforce inequalities or unsustainable practices. Ultimately, we present a framework that combines climate justice and CRDP in an analytical tool for understanding the potential for a NbS to support CRD in specific places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina D. Kinol
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, 310 Renaissance Park, 1135 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02115 US
| | - Johan Arango-Quiroga
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, 310 Renaissance Park, 1135 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02115 US
| | - Laura Kuhl
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, 310 Renaissance Park, 1135 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02115 US
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Vahabzadeh M, Afshar A, Molajou A. Framing a novel holistic energy subsystem structure for water-energy-food nexus based on existing literature (basic concepts). Sci Rep 2023; 13:6289. [PMID: 37072612 PMCID: PMC10113234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is interesting to note that the country of Iran is essential in terms of energy production and consumption, and the economy of Iran is mainly dependent on energy revenues. Therefore, thermal and hydropower plants consume water to produce various energy carriers. Considering that Iran is suffering from water stress, the nexus of water and energy becomes very important. This paper frames a comprehensive structure for Iran's energy subsystem within the Water, Energy, and Food (WEF) nexus system. The energy subsystem's supply and demand side in the proposed framework are formulated using data and physic-based equations. The presented framework addresses most interactions between WEF subsystems in a dynamic and adaptive setting. It is shown that through analysis of binding interactions between WEF, different management scenarios can boost the flexibility of the supply and demand side of the energy subsystem. In addition, by incorporating this framework, the water subsystem will manage the allocated and consumed water on the supply side and arrive at the most desirable outcome for the water sector. Also, the optimal cropping pattern could be evaluated based on energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Vahabzadeh
- Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Afshar
- Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Molajou
- Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Teo YH, Makani MABH, Wang W, Liu L, Yap JH, Cheong KH. Urban Heat Island Mitigation: GIS-Based Analysis for a Tropical City Singapore. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11917. [PMID: 36231216 PMCID: PMC9565339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the pace of climate change and achieve the goals set in Paris Agreement by 2030, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have started to prioritize sustainability as one of their top agendas. Numerous studies have demonstrated that one of the most important issues that must be addressed to halt climate change is the urban heat island (UHI). Given the different mitigation strategies available, the focus of our study here is to assess the influence of green spaces and Green Mark commercial buildings on Singapore's temperature distribution using non-exhaustive factors related to energy consumption and efficiency. Additionally, this paper examines the effectiveness of green spaces and commercial buildings in reducing the rate of temperature change. This study uses ArcGIS software to map data, perform spatial analysis through cloud-based mapping, and produce visual representations with geographic information systems (GIS) to promote greater insight on the formulation of goals and policy making for strategic management. In comparison to non-commercial districts, our findings show that commercial districts have the lowest percentage of temperature change, an estimated 1.6 percent, due to a high concentration of green spaces and Green Mark commercial buildings. Our research also helps to close the research gaps in determining the efficacy of Green Mark commercial buildings, skyrise greeneries, gardens, and national parks. It also helps to minimize the bottleneck of expensive building costs and environmental damage that would have occurred from a design flaw found too late in the urban planning and construction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hui Teo
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore S487372, Singapore
| | - Mohamed Akbar Bin Humayun Makani
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore S487372, Singapore
| | - Weimeng Wang
- Information Systems Technology and Design Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore S487372, Singapore
| | - Linglan Liu
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore S117566, Singapore
| | - Jun Hong Yap
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore S487372, Singapore
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore S487372, Singapore
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Quaranta E, Fuchs S, Liefting HJ, Schellart A, Pistocchi A. Costs and benefits of combined sewer overflow management strategies at the European scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115629. [PMID: 35949087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) may represent a significant source of pollution, but they are difficult to quantify at a large scale (e.g. regional or national), due to a lack of accessible data. In the present study, we use a large scale, 6-parameter, lumped hydrological model to perform a screening level assessment of different CSO management scenarios for the European Union and United Kingdom, considering prevention and treatment strategies. For each scenario we quantify the potential reduction of CSO volumes and duration, and estimate costs and benefits. A comparison of scenarios shows that treating CSOs before discharge in the receiving water body (e.g. by constructed wetlands) is more cost-effective than preventing CSOs. Among prevention strategies, urban greening has a benefit/cost ratio one order of magnitude higher than grey solutions, due to the several additional benefits it entails. We also estimate that real time control may bring on average a CSO volume reduction of just above 20%. In general, the design of appropriate CSO management strategies requires consideration of context-specific conditions, and is best made in the context of an integrated urban water management plan taking into account factors such as other ongoing initiatives in urban greening, the possibility to disconnect impervious surfaces from combined drainage systems, and the availability of space for grey or nature-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Abstract
Due to the population’s growing need for energy and the increasing impact of the phenomena of global warming and climate change on a global level, it becomes imperative to diminish energy consumption worldwide. For this reason, a deeper understanding of factors that encourage energy-saving habits and overall lifestyle is required. This research examined the factors that hold an impact on the adoption of energy-saving habits in Romania. It used eight constructs that were checked to see if they influence the individuals’ intentions to save energy. The research used a quantitative analysis approach, with primary data assembled through a survey of the population from six developed counties in Romania. In order to investigate and assess the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The results show that environmental awareness, perceived consumer effectiveness and a collectivistic perspective affect individuals in implementing energy-saving habits (in their life) in a significant and positive way. However, resistance to change and perceived costs were identified as having a negative and significant impact on the individuals’ implementation of such habits within their households. The outcomes of this research play a part in raising awareness of what could determine a more energy-saving lifestyle, and therefore it is essential that stakeholders within the energy sector in Romania consider the aspects of environmental awareness, perception of consumer effectiveness, perceived costs, collectivism and resistance to change during the development of programs of energy efficiency.
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Moravej M, Renouf MA, Kenway S, Urich C. What roles do architectural design and on-site water servicing technologies play in the water performance of residential infill? WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118109. [PMID: 35203018 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
More than half of new urban residential developments are planned as infill in Australia's major cities. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to use innovative design and technology to address urban water challenges such as flooding, reduced water security and related infrastructure and urban heat island issues. However, infill can have positive or negative water impacts, depending on architectural design and on-site water servicing technologies implemented. In this study we asked, "What influence does residential infill development have on the local urban water cycle?" and "What roles do architectural design and technologies play?" To answer these questions, a set of 196 design-technology configurations were developed by combining 28 architectural designs and 7 on-site water-servicing technology options. The configurations represent three cases: (i) existing (EX) or before infill, (ii) business-as-usual development (BAU), and (iii) alternative development (ALT). Using the Site-scale Urban Water Mass Balance Assessment (SUWMBA) model and a set of water performance indicators, the impact of configurations on the urban water cycle was quantified. The results showed BAU, on average, increases population density, stormwater discharge, and imported water by 98%, 44% and 85%, and decreases evapotranspiration and infiltration by 53% and 34%, compared to the EX conditions. More population density (141%) with lower impacts on the urban water cycle (21% and 64% increase for stormwater discharge and imported water, and 29% and 17% reduction in evapotranspiration and infiltration) can be achieved by appropriate integration of ALT designs and technologies. Architectural design has a greater influence on urban water flows than the implementation of on-site water servicing technologies. The results have a great implication for sustainable urban water management for managing the risks associated with pluvial flooding, water insecurity, and urban heat. It also highlights the underutilised role of architects and urban planners to address urban water issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Moravej
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Marguerite A Renouf
- CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steven Kenway
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Urich
- CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hydrology and Risk Consulting (HARC), Blackburn, VIC 3130, Australia; Civil Engineering Department, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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A Socio-Economic and Environmental Analysis of the Implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in Vega Baja—Alicante (Spain). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the territories most affected by flooding in Spain is the district of Vega Baja del Segura, located in the southernmost point of the province of Alicante. The objective of this article is to estimate the socio-economic and environmental efficiency of implementing sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) as part of the Vega Baja Nature Plan. This plan seeks to optimise rainfall management by reproducing and restoring the natural hydrological processes altered by the urban development of cities through integrated actions that generate new natural areas to be used and enjoyed by the residents. To this end, a cost–benefit analysis was carried out in accordance with the methodology established by the European Commission, and a social profitability of 4.3% (IRR) was obtained for the project, which shows the social benefit to be gained from its execution.
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Rippy MA, Pierce G, Feldman D, Winfrey B, Mehring AS, Holden PA, Ambrose R, Levin LA. Perceived services and disservices of natural treatment systems for urban stormwater: Insight from the next generation of designers. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Rippy
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Manassas VA USA
- Center for Coastal Studies Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Gregory Pierce
- UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation Luskin School of Public Affairs Los Angeles CA USA
| | - David Feldman
- Department of Urban Planning and Public Policy, School of Social Ecology University of California Irvine CA USA
| | - Brandon Winfrey
- Water Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Monash University Clayton Vic Australia
| | | | - Patricia A. Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Richard. Ambrose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karen Fielding School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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Does the Net Present Value as a Financial Metric Fit Investment in Green Energy Security? ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surprisingly, little is known whether the net present value (NPV) used as a financial metric in budgeting and investment planning to analyse a projects’ profitability is universal. Meanwhile, the epochal green energy revolution ensuring carbon neutrality through green innovations requires enormous investments, and projects realised must ensure energy security. Therefore, there is a need to reanalyse financial metrics used in financial planning, including NPV. We eliminate this research gap and, based on data from Poland, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, the USA, the United Kingdom, Japan, Israel, and Euro Zone, explain why one may not perceive the currently used NPV formula as a universal financial metric. We show that the variable discount rate influences the time value of money. Therefore, there is a need to redefine the NPV formula. This study makes two main contributions. First, it creates new ground by revisiting the NPV formula in the emerging market context compared to stable economies and contributes to developing business and management theory. Second, we propose and empirically verify the modified NPV formula as a financial metric that considers the situation of energy firms in emerging markets. Thus, this research helps the capital budgeting process, and the modified NPV formula can help provide optimal outcomes in firms, helping to reduce financial risks. Our study contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of business projects and can, in turn, be relevant for other energy sector analyses.
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Mailloux NA, Henegan CP, Lsoto D, Patterson KP, West PC, Foley JA, Patz JA. Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13339. [PMID: 34948948 PMCID: PMC8705042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The climate crisis threatens to exacerbate numerous climate-sensitive health risks, including heatwave mortality, malnutrition from reduced crop yields, water- and vector-borne infectious diseases, and respiratory illness from smog, ozone, allergenic pollen, and wildfires. Recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stress the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change, underscoring the need for more scientific assessment of the benefits of climate action for health and wellbeing. Project Drawdown has analyzed more than 80 solutions to address climate change, building on existing technologies and practices, that could be scaled to collectively limit warming to between 1.5° and 2 °C above preindustrial levels. The solutions span nine major sectors and are aggregated into three groups: reducing the sources of emissions, maintaining and enhancing carbon sinks, and addressing social inequities. Here we present an overview of how climate solutions in these three areas can benefit human health through improved air quality, increased physical activity, healthier diets, reduced risk of infectious disease, and improved sexual and reproductive health, and universal education. We find that the health benefits of a low-carbon society are more substantial and more numerous than previously realized and should be central to policies addressing climate change. Much of the existing literature focuses on health effects in high-income countries, however, and more research is needed on health and equity implications of climate solutions, especially in the Global South. We conclude that adding the myriad health benefits across multiple climate change solutions can likely add impetus to move climate policies faster and further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Mailloux
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (N.A.M.); (C.P.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Colleen P. Henegan
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (N.A.M.); (C.P.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Dorothy Lsoto
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (N.A.M.); (C.P.H.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Paul C. West
- Project Drawdown, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (K.P.P.); (P.C.W.); (J.A.F.)
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Foley
- Project Drawdown, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (K.P.P.); (P.C.W.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Jonathan A. Patz
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (N.A.M.); (C.P.H.); (D.L.)
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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