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Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. Examining the biological mechanisms of human mental disorders resulting from gene-environment interdependence using novel functional genomic approaches. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106008. [PMID: 36690304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore how functional genomics approaches that integrate datasets from human and non-human model systems can improve our understanding of the effect of gene-environment interplay on the risk for mental disorders. We start by briefly defining the G-E paradigm and its challenges and then discuss the different levels of regulation of gene expression and the corresponding data existing in humans (genome wide genotyping, transcriptomics, DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, chromosome conformational changes, non-coding RNAs, proteomics and metabolomics), discussing novel approaches to the application of these data in the study of the origins of mental health. Finally, we discuss the multilevel integration of diverse types of data. Advance in the use of functional genomics in the context of a G-E perspective improves the detection of vulnerabilities, informing the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.
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Driver C, Moore L, Mohamed A, Boyes A, Sacks DD, Mills L, McLoughlin LT, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Structural connectivity and its association with social connectedness in early adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114259. [PMID: 36528168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period of social and neural development. Brain regions which process social information develop throughout adolescence as young people learn to navigate social environments. Studies investigating brain structural connectivity (indexed by white matter (WM) integrity), and social connectedness in adolescents have been limited until recently, with literature stemming mostly from adult samples, broad age ranges within adolescence or based on social network characteristics as opposed to social connectedness. This cross-sectional study of 12-year-olds (N = 73) explored the relationship between social connectedness (SCS) and structural connectivity in early adolescence, to gauge how this snapshot of WM development is associated with social behaviour. Whole brain voxel-wise diffusion tensor imaging was undertaken to determine correlations between SCS and fractional anisotropy (FA), radial (RD) and axial (AD) diffusivity of clusters within WM tracts. Significant negative relationships between FA and SCS scores were found in clusters within 11 WM tracts, with significant positive correlations between SCS and both RD and AD across clusters within 13 and 8 clusters, respectively. Clusters within the genu of the corpus callosum (CCgn) showed strong correlations for all three metrics, and regression models that included gender, age, and psychological distress, revealed SCS to be the only significant predictor of CCgn FA, RD and AD values. Overall, these findings suggest that those with lower social connectedness had a WM profile suggestive of reduced axonal density and/or coherence. Longitudinal research is needed to track such WM profiles during adolescent development and determine the associations with mental health and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lisa Moore
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Abdalla Mohamed
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Boyes
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Dashiell D Sacks
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Lia Mills
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa T McLoughlin
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
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Crouse JJ, Ho N, Scott J, Parker R, Park SH, Couvy-Duchesne B, Mitchell BL, Byrne EM, Hermens DF, Medland SE, Martin NG, Gillespie NA, Hickie IB. Dynamic networks of psychological symptoms, impairment, substance use, and social support: The evolution of psychopathology among emerging adults. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e32. [PMID: 35694845 PMCID: PMC9280922 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthreshold/attenuated syndromes are established precursors of full-threshold mood and psychotic disorders. Less is known about the individual symptoms that may precede the development of subthreshold syndromes and associated social/functional outcomes among emerging adults. METHODS We modeled two dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) to investigate associations among self-rated phenomenology and personal/lifestyle factors (role impairment, low social support, and alcohol and substance use) across the 19Up and 25Up waves of the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. We examined whether symptoms and personal/lifestyle factors at 19Up were associated with (a) themselves or different items at 25Up, and (b) onset of a depression-like, hypo-manic-like, or psychotic-like subthreshold syndrome (STS) at 25Up. RESULTS The first DBN identified 11 items that when endorsed at 19Up were more likely to be reendorsed at 25Up (e.g., hypersomnia, impaired concentration, impaired sleep quality) and seven items that when endorsed at 19Up were associated with different items being endorsed at 25Up (e.g., earlier fatigue and later role impairment; earlier anergia and later somatic pain). In the second DBN, no arcs met our a priori threshold for inclusion. In an exploratory model with no threshold, >20 items at 19Up were associated with progression to an STS at 25Up (with lower statistical confidence); the top five arcs were: feeling threatened by others and a later psychotic-like STS; increased activity and a later hypo-manic-like STS; and anergia, impaired sleep quality, and/or hypersomnia and a later depression-like STS. CONCLUSIONS These probabilistic models identify symptoms and personal/lifestyle factors that might prove useful targets for indicated preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ho
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Inria, Aramis Project-Team, 75013Paris, France
| | | | - Enda M Byrne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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