1
|
Hu G, He X, Wang N, Liu J, Zhou Z. The Impact of Water Potential and Temperature on Native Species' Capability for Seed Germination in the Loess Plateau Region, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:693. [PMID: 38475540 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves and droughts. One important phase in the life cycle of plants is seed germination. To date, the association of the temperature and water potential thresholds of germination with seed traits has not been explored in much detail. Therefore, we set up different temperature gradients (5-35 °C), water potential gradients (-1.2-0 MPa), and temperature × water potential combinations for nine native plants in the Loess Plateau region to clarify the temperature and water combinations suitable for their germination. Meanwhile, we elucidated the temperature and water potential thresholds of the plants and their correlations with the mean seed mass and flatness index by using the thermal time and hydrotime models. According to our findings, the germination rate was positively correlated with the germination percentage and water potential, with the former rising and the latter decreasing as the temperature increased. Using the thermal time and hydrotime models, the seed germination thresholds could be predicted accurately, and the germination thresholds of the studied species varied with an increase in germination percentage. Moreover, temperature altered the impact of water potential on the germination rate. Overall, the base water potential for germination, but not the temperature threshold, was negatively correlated with mean seed mass and was lower for rounder seeds than for longer seeds. This study contributes to improving our understanding of the seed germination characteristics of typical plants and has important implications for the management and vegetation restoration of degraded grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Hu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyue He
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jun'e Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengchao Zhou
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guidalevich V, Nagahama N, López AS, Angeli JP, Marchelli P, Azpilicueta MM. Intraspecific phylogeny of a Patagonian fescue: differentiation at molecular markers and morphological traits suggests hybridization at peripheral populations. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1011-1023. [PMID: 37209108 PMCID: PMC10332399 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Grasses of the Festuca genus have complex phylogenetic relations due to morphological similarities among species and interspecific hybridization processes. Within Patagonian fescues, information concerning phylogenetic relationships is very scarce. In Festuca pallescens, a widely distributed species, the high phenotypic variability and the occurrence of interspecific hybridization preclude a clear identification of the populations. Given the relevance of natural rangelands for livestock production and their high degradation due to climate change, conservation actions are needed and knowledge about genetic variation is required. METHODS To unravel the intraspecific phylogenetic relations and to detect genetic differences, we studied 21 populations of the species along its natural geographical distribution by coupling both molecular [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL-F markers] and morpho-anatomical analyses. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods were applied to assemble a phylogenetic tree, including other native species. The morphological data set was analysed by discriminant and cluster analyses. KEY RESULTS The combined information of the Bayesian tree (ITS marker), the geographical distribution of haplotype variants (trnL-F marker) and the morpho-anatomical traits, distinguished populations located at the margins of the distribution. Some of the variants detected were shared with other sympatric species of fescues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the occurrence of hybridization processes between species of the genus at peripheral sites characterized by suboptimal conditions, which might be key to the survival of these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Guidalevich
- INTA Bariloche – IFAB (INTA-CONICET), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N Nagahama
- EEAf Esquel INTA, Chacabuco 513, 9200, Esquel, Argentina
| | - A S López
- INTA Bariloche – IFAB (INTA-CONICET), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - J P Angeli
- EEAf Esquel INTA, Chacabuco 513, 9200, Esquel, Argentina
| | - P Marchelli
- INTA Bariloche – IFAB (INTA-CONICET), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M M Azpilicueta
- INTA Bariloche – IFAB (INTA-CONICET), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao Q, Chen D, Bai M, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Sun X, Niu T, Nie Y, Zhong S, Sun J. Hydrotime Model Parameters Estimate Seed Vigor and Predict Seedling Emergence Performance of Astragalus sinicus under Various Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091876. [PMID: 37176935 PMCID: PMC10180758 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigor is an important aspect of seed quality. High-vigor seeds show rapid and uniform germination and emerge well, especially under adverse environmental conditions. Here, we determined hydrotime model parameters by incubating seeds at different water potentials (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -0.8 MPa) in the laboratory, for 12 seed lots of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) (CMV), a globally important legume used as forage, green manure, and a rotation crop. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the seedling emergence performance of 12 CMV seed lots under control, water stress, salinity stress, deep sowing, and cold stress conditions. Meanwhile, the field emergence performance was evaluated on two sowing dates in June and October 2022. Correlation and regression analyses were implemented to explore the relationships between hydrotime model parameters and seedling emergence performance under various environmental conditions. The seed germination percentage did not differ significantly between seed lots when seeds were incubated at 0.0 MPa, whereas it did differ significantly between seed lots at water potentials of -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa. The emergence percentage, seedling dry weight, and simplified vigor index also differed significantly between the 12 seed lots under various environmental conditions. Ψb(50) showed a significant correlation with germination and emergence performance under various environmental conditions; however, little correlation was observed between θH or σφb and germination and emergence. These results indicate that Ψb(50) can be used to estimate seed vigor and predict seedling emergence performance under diverse environmental conditions for CMV and similar forage legumes. This study will enable seed researchers, plant breeders, and government program directors to target higher seed vigor more effectively for forage legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibo Tao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Mengjie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tianxiu Niu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuting Nie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shangzhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mircea DM, Estrelles E, Al Hassan M, Soriano P, Sestras RE, Boscaiu M, Sestras AF, Vicente O. Effect of Water Deficit on Germination, Growth and Biochemical Responses of Four Potentially Invasive Ornamental Grass Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1260. [PMID: 36986948 PMCID: PMC10053442 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental plant species introduced into new environments can exhibit an invasive potential and adaptability to abiotic stress factors. In this study, the drought stress responses of four potentially invasive ornamental grass species (Cymbopogon citratus, Cortaderia selloana, Pennisetum alopecuroides and P. setaceum) were analysed. Several seed germination parameters were determined under increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations. Additionally, plants in the vegetative stage were subjected to intermediate and severe water stress treatments for four weeks. All species registered high germination rates in control conditions (no stress treatment), even at high PEG concentrations, except C. citratus, which did not germinate at -1 MPa osmotic potential. Upon applying the water stress treatments, P. alopecuroides plants showed the highest tolerance, and C. citratus appeared the most susceptible to drought. Stress-induced changes in several biochemical markers (photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, antioxidant compounds, root and shoot Na+ and K+ contents), highlighted different responses depending on the species and the stress treatments. Basically, drought tolerance seems to depend to a large extent on the active transport of Na+ and K+ cations to the aerial part of the plants, contributing to osmotic adjustment in all four species and, in the case of the most tolerant P. alopecuroides, on the increasing root K+ concentration under water deficit conditions. The study shows the invasive potential of all species, except C. citratus, in dry areas such as the Mediterranean region, especially in the current climate change scenario. Particular attention should be given to P. alopecuroides, which is widely commercialised in Europe as ornamental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mircea
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Estrelles
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Garden, University of Valencia, Quart, 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain; (E.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Plant Sciences, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Soriano
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Garden, University of Valencia, Quart, 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain; (E.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mamedi A, Salehi P, Divargar F. Response of F. arundinacea seed germination to temperatures, water potentials, and priming treatments using hydro- and thermal-time models. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1545-1558. [PMID: 36389090 PMCID: PMC9530090 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The germination process and seedling development are the determining steps in the plant lifecycle that are the most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effects of temperature and osmotic potential on germination responses using threshold models and to establish an optimal priming protocol for improving tolerance responses against osmotic stress in early growth stages. The results demonstrated that osmotic stress of - 0.8 MPa significantly influenced the extent, timing, and speed of seed germination. In addition, priming treatments led to an enhanced performance of early growth stages in response to osmotic stress. Based on thermal-time and hydro-time models, the predicted physiological parameters of the median thermal-time at sub-optimal temperature ( θ T 50 = 909.09 ∘ C h), the median ceiling temperature for 50% germination (Tc(50) = 39.29 °C), the common base temperature (Tb = 7.88 °C), the constant thermal-time at supra-optimal temperature ( θ T = 805.96 °C h), the threshold water potential (Ψb(50) = - 1.13 MPa), and the hydro-time constant ( θ H = 56.09 MPa h) quantitatively describe the tolerance threshold of the germination process under different osmotic and temperature conditions. The results also showed that the efficiency of seed treatments depended on the priming conditions, including temperature, duration, and also concentration of the priming agent. However, the treatments of gibberellic acid (5 days, 10 °C, 100 ppm), salicylic acid (5 days, 10 °C, 50 ppm), calcium chloride (3 days, 10 °C, 10 mM), potassium nitrate (3 days, 10 °C, 100 mM), and hydro-priming (3 days, 10 °C) were optimal protocols of each priming method, resulting in an increased seed vigor under osmotic stress. Hence, the predicted biological parameters could easily be applied to determine the physiological changes of germination under environmental factors over time. Also, results suggest that recommended osmo-, hydro-, and hormonal-priming treatments could be efficient methods for ameliorating the osmotic tolerance in the post-priming stages of this plant, especially in arid lands. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01229-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mamedi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Salehi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Divargar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu J, Li K, Deng C, Gong Y, Liu Y, Wang L. Seed Germination Ecology of Semiparasitic Weed Pedicularis kansuensis in Alpine Grasslands. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131777. [PMID: 35807730 PMCID: PMC9268997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The semiparasitic weed Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. has rapidly spread in the alpine grasslands of northern China over the past twenty years and has caused serious ecological problems. In order to effectively halt the spread of this weed, a thorough understanding of the dormancy type and the seed-germination ecology of P. kansuensis is required. We have conducted a series of experiments to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators (gibberellin (GA3) and strigolactone synthesis (GR24)), as well as different abiotic (temperature, light, cold stratification, and drought) and biotic (aqueous extracts of three native dominant plants) factors on the seed-germination characteristics of P. kansuensis. The seed-germination percentages ranged from 2% to 62% at all of the temperatures that were examined, with the highest occurring at 25/10 °C. The light conditions did not significantly affect the germination percentage. The seed germination was greatly improved after two to eight weeks of cold stratification. The seed germination decreased dramatically with an increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentration, from 55% to 0%, under 10% and 20% PEG-6000. The seed germination was improved at a proper concentration of GA3, GR24, and the aqueous extracts of Festuca ovina L., Stipa purpurea L., and Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel. Furthermore, in the pot experiment, the seedling emergence of P. kansuensis was also improved by the cultivation of these three dominant grasses. These findings indicate that the dormancy type of P. kansuensis seeds is non-deep physiological dormancy, and such findings will help in paving the way for the creation of effective weed management strategies, based on a thorough knowledge of germination ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Hu
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (J.H.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (J.H.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayinbuluk 841314, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-991-7885410 (K.L.); +86-991-7823189 (L.W.); Fax: +86-991-7885320 (K.L. & L.W.)
| | - Chengjun Deng
- Engineer, Grassland Station of Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, Korla 841000, China;
| | - Yanming Gong
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (J.H.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayinbuluk 841314, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (J.H.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayinbuluk 841314, China
| | - Lei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-991-7885410 (K.L.); +86-991-7823189 (L.W.); Fax: +86-991-7885320 (K.L. & L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bertuzzi T, Pastrana‐Ignes V, Curti RN, Batlla D, Baskin CC, Sühring S, Galíndez G. Variation in thermal and hydrotime requirements for seed germination of Chaco seasonally dry forest species in relation to population environmental conditions and seed mass. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bertuzzi
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca (CITCA), CONICET Universidad Nacional de Catamarca Catamarca Argentina
| | - Valeria Pastrana‐Ignes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET Universidad Nacional de Salta Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta Argentina
| | - Ramiro N. Curti
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET Universidad Nacional de Salta Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta Argentina
| | - Diego Batlla
- IFEVA/Cátedra de Cerealicultura, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Silvia Sühring
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET Universidad Nacional de Salta Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Galíndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET Universidad Nacional de Salta Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta Argentina
| |
Collapse
|