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Wang SK, Zhang H, Lin HC, Wang YL, Lin SC, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. AMELX Mutations and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in X-Linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6132. [PMID: 38892321 PMCID: PMC11172428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AMELX mutations cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), known as AI types IE, IIB, and IIC in Witkop's classification, characterized by hypoplastic (reduced thickness) and/or hypomaturation (reduced hardness) enamel defects. In this study, we conducted whole exome analyses to unravel the disease-causing mutations for six AI families. Splicing assays, immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR were conducted to investigate the molecular and cellular effects of the mutations. Four AMELX pathogenic variants (NM_182680.1:c.2T>C; c.29T>C; c.77del; c.145-1G>A) and a whole gene deletion (NG_012494.2:g.307534_403773del) were identified. The affected individuals exhibited enamel malformations, ranging from thin, poorly mineralized enamel with a "snow-capped" appearance to severe hypoplastic defects with minimal enamel. The c.145-1G>A mutation caused a -1 frameshift (NP_001133.1:p.Val35Cysfs*5). Overexpression of c.2T>C and c.29T>C AMELX demonstrated that mutant amelogenin proteins failed to be secreted, causing elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress and potential cell apoptosis. This study reveals a genotype-phenotype relationship for AMELX-associated AI: While amorphic mutations, including large deletions and 5' truncations, of AMELX cause hypoplastic-hypomaturation enamel with snow-capped teeth (AI types IIB and IIC) due to a complete loss of gene function, neomorphic variants, including signal peptide defects and 3' truncations, lead to severe hypoplastic/aplastic enamel (AI type IE) probably caused by "toxic" cellular effects of the mutant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City 100229, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City 100226, Taiwan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Hua-Chieh Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City 100229, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City 100229, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City 100226, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City 100229, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City 100226, Taiwan
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul 34147, Turkey;
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
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Díaz-Cuenca A, Sezanova K, Gergulova R, Rabadjieva D, Ruseva K. New Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2024; 29:930. [PMID: 38474442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of hydroxiapatite and the zwitterionic polymers polysulfobetaine (PSB) and polycarboxybetaine (PCB) using controlled media conditions with a constant pH of 8.0-8.2 and Ca/P = 1.67. The results show that pH control is a dominant factor in the crystal phase formation, so nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.63-1.71 was observed as the mineral phase in all the materials prepared. The final polymer content measured for the synthesized hybrid materials was 48-52%. The polymer type affects the final microstructure, and the mineral particle size is thinner and smaller in the synthesis performed using PCB than using PSB. The final intermolecular interaction of the nano-crystallized hydroxyapatite was demonstrated to be stronger with PCB than with PSB as shown by our IR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The higher remineralization potential of the PCB-containing synthesized material was demonstrated by in vitro testing using artificial saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Kostadinka Sezanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Gergulova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Rabadjieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstans Ruseva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kawasaki K, Sasagawa I, Mikami M, Nakatomi M, Ishiyama M. Ganoin and acrodin formation on scales and teeth in spotted gar: A vital role of enamelin in the unique process of enamel mineralization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2023; 340:455-468. [PMID: 36464775 PMCID: PMC10239528 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gars and bichirs develop scales and teeth with ancient actinopterygian characteristics. Their scale surface and tooth collar are covered with enamel, also known as ganoin, whereas the tooth cap is equipped with an enamel-like tissue, acrodin. Here, we investigated the formation and mineralization of the ganoin and acrodin matrices in spotted gar, and the evolution of the scpp5, ameloblastin (ambn), and enamelin (enam) genes, which encode matrix proteins of ganoin. Results suggest that, in bichirs and gars, all these genes retain structural characteristics of their orthologs in stem actinopterygians, presumably reflecting the presence of ganoin on scales and teeth. During scale formation, Scpp5 and Enam were initially found in the incipient ganoin matrix and the underlying collagen matrix, whereas Ambn was detected mostly in a surface region of the well-developed ganoin matrix. Although collagen is the principal acrodin matrix protein, Scpp5 was detected within the matrix. Similarities in timings of mineralization and the secretion of Scpp5 suggest that acrodin evolved by the loss of the matrix secretory stage of ganoin formation: dentin formation is immediately followed by the maturation stage. The late onset of Ambn secretion during ganoin formation implies that Ambn is not essential for mineral ribbon formation, the hallmark of the enamel matrix. Furthermore, Scpp5 resembles amelogenin that is not important for the initial formation of mineral ribbons in mammals. It is thus likely that the evolution of ENAM was vital to the origin of the unique mineralization process of the enamel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ichiro Sasagawa
- Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata the Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Mikami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata the Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mikio Ishiyama
- Department of Histology, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata the Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
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Rabadjieva D, Gergulova R, Ruseva K, Bonchev A, Shestakova P, Simeonov M, Vasileva R, Tatchev D, Titorenkova R, Vassileva E. Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6640. [PMID: 37895622 PMCID: PMC10608424 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules control mineral formation during the biomineralization process, but the effects of the organic components' functionality on the type of mineral phase is still unclear. The biomimetic precipitation of calcium phosphates in a physiological medium containing either polycarboxybetaine (PCB) or polysulfobetaine (PSB) was investigated in this study. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or a mixture of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) in different ratios were identified depending on the sequence of initial solution mixing and on the type of the negative functional group of the polymer used. The more acidic character of the sulfo group in PSB than the carboxy one in PCB determines the dominance of the acidic solid phases, namely, an acidic amorphous phase or DCPD. In the presence of PCB, the formation of ACP with acicular particles arranged in bundles with the same orientation was observed. A preliminary study on the remineralization potential of the hybrid material with the participation of PSB and a mixture of OCP and DCPD did not show an increase in enamel density, contrary to the materials based on PCB and ACP. Moreover, the latter showed the creation of a newly formed crystal layer similar to that of the underlying enamel. This defines PCB/ACP as a promising material for enamel remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rabadjieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rumiana Gergulova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Konstans Ruseva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Alexander Bonchev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1, G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Pavletta Shestakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Marin Simeonov
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Radosveta Vasileva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1, G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Dragomir Tatchev
- Rostislaw Kaischew Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rositsa Titorenkova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elena Vassileva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
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Hsu YH, Hassan A, Trout A, Bartlett JD, Smith CE, Simmer JP, McComb DW. The Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and Octa-calcium Phosphate with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1223-1225. [PMID: 37613591 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Asra Hassan
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Trout
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David W McComb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tao J, Hanson E, Dohnalkova AC, Buchko GW, Jin B, Shaw WJ, Tarasevich BJ. Changes in the C-terminal, N-terminal, and histidine regions of amelogenin reveal the role of oligomer quaternary structure on adsorption and hydroxyapatite mineralization. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1034662. [PMID: 36523551 PMCID: PMC9746691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorption interactions between amelogenin and calcium phosphate minerals are believed to be important to amelogenin's function in enamel formation, however, the role of specific amino acid residues and domains within the protein in controlling adsorption is not well known. We synthesized "mechanistic probes" by systematically removing charged regions of amelogenin in order to elucidate their roles. The probes included amelogenin without the charged residues in the N-terminus (SEKR), without two, three, or eight histidines (H) in the central protein region (H2, H3, H8), or without the C-terminal residues (Delta). In-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) adsorption studies onto hydroxyapatite (HAP) single crystals confirmed that the C-terminus was the dominant domain in promoting adsorption. We propose that subtle changes in protein-protein interactions for proteins with histidines and N-terminal residues removed resulted in changes in the oligomer quaternary size and structure that also affected protein adsorption. HAP mineralization studies revealed that the oligomer-HAP binding energy and protein layer thickness were factors in controlling the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to HAP induction time. Our studies with mechanistic probes reveal the importance of the oligomer quaternary structure in controlling amelogenin adsorption and HAP mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Tao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Emma Hanson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Garry W. Buchko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Biao Jin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Wendy J. Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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Shahid S, Ikeda A, Layana MC, Bartlett JD. ADAM10: Possible functions in enamel development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032383. [PMID: 36505044 PMCID: PMC9732274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 is A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family member that is membrane bound with its catalytic domain present on the cell surface. It is a sheddase that cleaves anchored cell surface proteins to shed them from the cell surface. ADAM10 can cleave at least a hundred different proteins and is expressed in most tissues of the body. ADAM10 is best characterized for its role in Notch signaling. Interestingly, ADAM10 is transported to specific sites on the cell surface by six different tetraspanins. Although the mechanism is not clear, tetraspanins can regulate ADAM10 substrate specificity, which likely contributes to the diversity of ADAM10 substrates. In developing mouse teeth, ADAM10 is expressed in the stem cell niche and subsequently in pre-ameloblasts and then secretory stage ameloblasts. However, once ameloblasts begin transitioning into the maturation stage, ADAM10 expression abruptly ceases. This is exactly when ameloblasts stop their movement that extends enamel crystallites and when the enamel layer reaches its full thickness. ADAM10 may play an important role in enamel development. ADAM10 can cleave cadherins and other cell-cell junctions at specific sites where the tetraspanins have transported it and this may promote cell movement. ADAM10 can also cleave the transmembrane proteins COL17A1 and RELT. When either COL17A1 or RELT are mutated, malformed enamel may occur in humans and mice. So, ADAM10 may also regulate these proteins that are necessary for proper enamel development. This mini review will highlight ADAM10 function, how that function is regulated by tetraspanins, and how ADAM10 may promote enamel formation.
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Structure and Chemical Composition of ca. 10-Million-Year-Old (Late Miocene of Western Amazon) and Present-Day Teeth of Related Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111636. [PMID: 36358337 PMCID: PMC9687460 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular information has been gathered from fossilized dental enamel, the best-preserved tissue of vertebrates. However, the association of morphological features with the possible mineral and organic information of this tissue is still poorly understood in the context of the emerging area of paleoproteomics. This study aims to compare the morphological features and chemical composition of dental enamel of extinct and extant terrestrial vertebrates of Crocodylia: Purussaurus sp. (extinct) and Melanosuchus niger (extant), and Rodentia: Neoepiblema sp. (extinct) and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (extant). To obtain structural and chemical data, superficial and internal enamel were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Organic, mineral, and water content were obtained using polarizing microscopy and microradiography on ground sections of four teeth, resulting in a higher organic volume than previously expected (up to 49%). It is observed that both modern and fossil tooth enamel exhibit the same major constituents: 36.7% Ca, 17.2% P, and 41% O, characteristic of hydroxyapatite. Additionally, 27 other elements were measured from superficial enamel by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zinc was the most abundant microelement detected, followed by Pb, Fe, Mg, and Al. Morphological features observed include enamel rods in the rodent teeth, while incremental lines and semiprismatic enamel were observed in the alligator species. The fossil enamel was in an excellent state for microscopic analyses. Results show that all major dental enamel’s physical, chemical, and morphological features are present both in extant and extinct fossil tooth enamel (>8.5 Ma) in both taxa.
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Liang T, Wang SK, Smith C, Zhang H, Hu Y, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Kasimoglu Y, Kim JW, Zhang C, Saunders TL, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Enamel defects in Acp4 R110C/R110C mice and human ACP4 mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16477. [PMID: 36183038 PMCID: PMC9526733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ACP4 (OMIM*606362) encodes a transmembrane protein that belongs to histidine acid phosphatase (ACP) family. Recessive mutations in ACP4 cause non-syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI1J, OMIM#617297). While ACP activity has long been detected in developing teeth, its functions during tooth development and the pathogenesis of ACP4-associated AI remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized 2 AI1J families and identified a novel ACP4 disease-causing mutation: c.774_775del, p.Gly260Aspfs*29. To investigate the role of ACP4 during amelogenesis, we generated and characterized Acp4R110C mice that carry the p.(Arg110Cys) loss-of-function mutation. Mouse Acp4 expression was the strongest at secretory stage ameloblasts, and the protein localized primarily at Tomes' processes. While Acp4 heterozygous (Acp4+/R110C) mice showed no phenotypes, incisors and molars of homozygous (Acp4R110C/R110C) mice exhibited a thin layer of aplastic enamel with numerous ectopic mineralized nodules. Acp4R110C/R110C ameloblasts appeared normal initially but underwent pathology at mid-way of secretory stage. Ultrastructurally, sporadic enamel ribbons grew on mineralized dentin but failed to elongate, and aberrant needle-like crystals formed instead. Globs of organic matrix accumulated by the distal membranes of defective Tomes' processes. These results demonstrated a critical role for ACP4 in appositional growth of dental enamel probably by processing and regulating enamel matrix proteins around mineralization front apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Charles Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Division of Molecular, Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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10
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Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Hu Y, Zhang S, Liang T, Wang SK, Kim JW, Yamakoshi Y, Chun YH, Bartlett JD, Smith CE. A genetic model for the secretory stage of dental enamel formation. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107805. [PMID: 34715329 PMCID: PMC8665125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The revolution in genetics has rapidly increased our knowledge of human and mouse genes that are critical for the formation of dental enamel and helps us understand how enamel evolved. In this graphical review we focus on the roles of 41 genes that are essential for the secretory stage of amelogenesis when characteristic enamel mineral ribbons initiate on dentin and elongate to expand the enamel layer to the future surface of the tooth. Based upon ultrastructural analyses of genetically modified mice, we propose a molecular model explaining how a cell attachment apparatus including collagen 17, α6ß4 and αvß6 integrins, laminin 332, and secreted enamel proteins could attach to individual enamel mineral ribbons and mold their cross-sectional dimensions as they simultaneously elongate and orient them in the direction of the retrograde movement of the ameloblast membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Shelly Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yong-Hee Chun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
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