Inhibitory influence of cationic Gemini surfactant on the dissolution rate of N80 carbon steel in 15% HCl solution

Amide-Linked Alkylpyridinium Gemini Surfactants for Corrosion Mitigation of Low-Carbon Steel

The anticorrosion properties of three amide-linked alkylpyridinium gemini surfactants (ALAPGS), viz., 3,3'-(propanediamide)bis(1-n-dodecylpyridinium) dibromide (ALDPGS), 3,3'-(propanediamide)bis(1-n-tetradecylpyridinium) dibromide (ALTPGS), and 3,3'-(propanediamide)bis(1-n-octadecylpyridinium) dibromide (ALOPGS), were studied on low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl through weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods. The anticorrosive efficiency of ALAPGS on low-carbon steel was contingent upon the concentration and length of the alkyl tails. In addition, the corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to be the highest when the concentration of the gemini reaches close to the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and followed the order ALOPGS > ALTPGS > ALDPGS. The results obtained from EIS agreed with the findings of PDP and weight loss experiments. The PDP studies indicated that the studied gemini acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Furthermore, the morphology of low-carbon steel was studied through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to understand the interaction between ALAPGS and low-carbon steel. The results suggested that ALAPGS are effective corrosion inhibitors for low-carbon steel.

Protection of stainless steel surfaces in desalination units against corrosion during acid cleaning under dynamic conditions by using lavender angustifolia extract as a green inhibitor

This study investigates the thermodynamics, kinetics, and adsorption mechanisms of Lavender angustifolia extract (LAE) as a corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel (316SS) in desalination units. The primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of LAE in mitigating corrosion in a 5.0 M HCl solution under dynamic conditions. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified key components of the LAE extract that contribute to corrosion inhibition, including linalyl acetate (41.7%), linalool (13.6%), 1,8-cineole (8.3%), β-ocimene (6.2%), terpinen-4-ol (5.7%), lavandulyl acetate (7.5%), and camphor (4.7%). Results indicate that the inhibitory efficiency of LAE increases with concentration, peaking at 94.3% at 300 mg L⁻¹. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model best describes the experimental adsorption data. Notably, the activation energy for corrosion increases from 7.17 kJ mol⁻¹ in the 5.0 M HCl solution to 21.65 kJ mol⁻¹ with the addition of LAE, reflecting enhanced protection. The enthalpy change (∆H*) in the presence of LAE (19.04 kJ mol⁻¹) is significantly greater than that of the extract-free solution (4.55 kJ mol⁻¹), indicating improved corrosion resistance of 316SS. Electrochemical techniques confirmed the mixed-type inhibition behavior of LAE, while UV and SEM-EDAX analyses demonstrated effective adsorption of the extract on the stainless steel surface.

Studies on the effects of avocado extract on carbon steel resistance to corrosion in salty formation water

This study highlights the challenges in using environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in a variety of industries by examining the effects of avocado extract as a corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in salty formation water (SFW) generated from West Egyptian petroleum fields. A combination of weight loss and electrochemical experiments were used to examine the corrosion properties of carbon steel at different avocado extract concentrations (20-100 mg L-1). A number of methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), and UV-Visible analyses were employed to identify the configuration and chemical components of corroded substrates. The avocado extract demonstrated the highest inhibition corrosion efficiency value at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, exhibiting an inhibitory effectiveness of approximately 92.4%. The adsorption isotherm of avocado extract has been identified as the Langmuir type, exhibiting cathodic-anodic efficiency. The addition of avocado extract increases the activation energy of the oxidation reaction from 13.8 1 to 51.6 kJ mol-1. This work offers a newly viewpoint for future research on the prevention of carbon steel corrosion by extracting an effective avocado extract for the first time in an SFW solution.

Gemini cationic surfactant of 1, 3-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) propane as a novel excellent inhibitor for the corrosion of cold rolled steel in HCl solution

Gemini surfactants have become the research focus of novel excellent inhibitors because of their special structure (two amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at head group by a spacer) and excellent surface properties. It is proved by theoretical calculations that 1, 3-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) propane (BDDACP) molecules can perform electron transfer with Fe (110). And it has a small fraction free volume, thus greatly reducing the diffusion and migration degree of corrosive particles. The potentiodynamic polarization curve showed that coefficients of cathodic and anodic reaction less than 1 and polarization resistance increased to 1602.9 Ω cm-2 after added BDDACP, confirming that BDDACP significantly inhibited the corrosion reaction by occupying the active site. The electrochemical impedance spectrum of imperfect semi-circle shows that the system resistance increases and double layer capacitance after added BDDACP. Weight loss tests also confirmed that BDDACP forms protective film by occupying the active sites on steel surface, and the maximum inhibition efficiency is 92 %. Comparison of the microscopic morphology showed that steel surface roughness was significantly reduced after added BDDACP. The results of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry show that steel surface contains some elements from BDDACP, which confirms the adsorption of BDDACP on steel surface.

An eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel used in desalination systems during acid cleaning: Irish ivy extract

Examining Irish ivy extract's (IIE) potential as a novel corrosion inhibitor to preserve C-steel in 2.0 M H2SO4 solution under dynamic conditions is the main goal of this work. Investigations on weight loss, surface morphology, thermodynamics, electrochemistry (polarization and impedance), and adsorption isotherms all contributed to the achievement of this goal. The results demonstrated that the IIE extract's inhibitory effectiveness increases with concentration, reaching a maximum of 94.2% at 0.5 g L-1. The approach that most nearly matched the experiment's results was the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The activation energy rises to 61.4 kJ mol-1 when IIE extract is added, compared to 46.9 kJ mol-1 (2.0 M H2SO4). The mixed type behavior of the IIE extract was confirmed by electrochemical method. The IIE extract effectively adsorbed on the C-steel, as confirmed by the FT-IR and SEM examinations. Many compounds, including α-hederin, hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and chlorogenic acid, which may operate as the main agents of corrosion control, were found by HPLC analysis of the IIE extract.

Synthesis of a new quaternary ammonium salt for efficient inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 15 % HCl: Experimental and theoretical studies

The corrosion phenomenon and its economic impacts can hardly be ignored in any application. This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt (3) containing hydrophobic dodecyl and electron-rich diallylbenzyl amine moieties to be used in 15 % HCl as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel. Several techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR, IR, TGA, and elemental analysis, have been used to characterize inhibitor 3. Popular corrosion measurement techniques, namely weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization techniques, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, have been used to determine the efficiency of inhibitor 3. At 303 K and a moderately low concentration of 50 ppm, the quaternary ammonium salt-based inhibitor demonstrated a maximum efficiency of ≈95.0 %. At elevated temperatures of 313, 323, and 333 K, the inhibition efficacy values were recorded as 91.3, 82.8, and 75.0 %, respectively. Adsorption isotherm study revealed that the adsorption of inhibitor 3 followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value ofΔ G a d s ° was found to be - 40.19 kJ mol-1, indicating that inhibitor 3 became adsorbed via a mixed physi-chemisorption mechanism. A very high adsorption constant (K a d s ) of 1.53 × 105 L mol-1 suggested strong adsorption of inhibitor 3. The difference in activation energy (E a ) value of 42.4 kJ mol-1 between the control and the inhibited solution indicated an efficient adsorption of inhibitor 3. The ability of inhibitor 3 to retard both anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions was proved via open circuit potential and Tafel curves studies. Detailed discussions on the change in corrosion current densities (i c o r r ), polarization (R p ) and charge transfer (R c t ) resistances have been offered to discuss the inhibition efficiency. Water contact angle measurement showed a drastic increase in mild steel surface hydrophobicity following inhibitor 3 adsorption. SEM-EDX and XPS studies confirmed the definitive presence of inhibitor 3 on the mild steel surface. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed the frontier molecular orbitals with which the metal surface interacts. A detailed corrosion inhibition mechanism has been offered in the context of adsorption isotherm and DFT studies.

The Interaction of a Gemini Surfactant with a DNA Quadruplex

DNA secondary structures are stabilized by mono- and divalent cations. To examine the stability of the DNA quadruplex formed from (TTAGGG)4, its interaction with a dicationic Gemini surfactant in standard phosphate buffer was investigated. The Gemini surfactant begins to form micelles in buffer at a cmc (critical micelle concentration) of 1.5 mM. In this study, solutions of DNA were prepared in buffer with surfactant concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 3.0 mM, i.e., above and below the cmc of the surfactant. In all samples of DNA and surfactant, a precipitate formed. The fraction of DNA precipitated depends upon both the initial DNA concentration and the initial concentration of the surfactant. In those samples where the DNA did not totally precipitate, the residual DNA assumed a quadruplex conformation. It was determined that two surfactant molecules per DNA phosphate are needed to completely precipitate all of the DNA in a particular sample. An estimated apparent K sp for the DNA:surfactant complex was determined.

Thermodynamic, chemical, and electrochemical studies of Aloe ferox Mill extract as a naturally developing copper corrosion inhibitor in HCl solution

Copper can be susceptible to corrosion in acidic cleaning solutions for desalination system, especially if the solution is highly concentrated or if the cleaning process involves extended exposure to the acid. In the current work, Aloe ferox Mill (AFM extract) can be used as a natural origin corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M HCl solution. The corrosion mitigation qualities of AFM extract were assessed by means of electrochemical, gravimetric, and surface examinations. AFM extract is a mixed-type inhibitor, based on polarization research findings. The inhibitory effectiveness of AFM extract rises with concentration, reaching its maximum level (93.3%) at 250 mg L-1. The inclusion of AFM extract raises the activation energy for the corrosion reaction from 7.15 kJ mol-1 (blank solution) to 28.6 kJ mol-1 (at 250 mg L-1 AFM extract).

Synthesis, surface activity, and corrosion inhibition capabilities of new non-ionic gemini surfactants

Several environmentally acceptable non-ionic gemini surfactants are synthesized in this work using natural sources, including polyethenoxy di-dodecanoate (GSC12), polyethenoxy di-hexadecanoate (GSC16), and polyethenoxy di-octadecenoate (GSC18). The produced surfactants are confirmed by spectrum studies using FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. It explored and examined how the length of the hydrocarbon chain affected essential properties like foaming and emulsifying abilities. Surface tension examinations are used to assess the surface activity of the examined gemini surfactants. The lower value of critical micelle concentrations (0.381 × 10-4M) is detected for GSC18. Their spontaneous character is shown by the negative values of the free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) and micellization (ΔGmic) which arranged in the order GSC18 > GSC16 > GSC12. Based on theoretical, weight loss, and electrochemical investigations, these novel surfactants were investigated for their possible use in inhibiting carbon steel from corroding in 1 M HCl. Measuring results show that GSC18 inhibits corrosion in carbon steel by 95.4%. The isotherm of adsorption evaluated for the investigated inhibitors and their behavior obeys Langmuir isotherm.

Insight into the corrosion mitigation performance of three novel benzimidazole derivatives of amino acids for carbon steel (X56) in 1 M HCl solution

Three new organic molecules having a benzimidazole base were synthesized and used for the protection of carbon steel (X56) against corrosion in 1.00 M HCl solution. The protection against corrosion was assessed by electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). In addition, the electronic and molecular structure of the synthesized molecules were computationally investigated and correlated to corrosion inhibition. Global reactivity descriptors, molecular orbitals (FMO and NBO) and local reactivity descriptors (molecular electrostatic potential map and Fukui functions) were discussed. The results showed a maximum protective efficiency range between 95% and 98% indicating high corrosion inhibition. Moreover, all molecules were able to combat the cathodic as well as anodic reaction simultaneously, revealing a mixed-type resistance. SEM and EDX verified effective adhering film formation to the metal surface. In accordance, the theoretical calculations showed effective electron reallocation from the organic film to the X56 c-steel surface. Furthermore, the adsorption annealing calculations revealed that structural layers of these molecules hold parallel and close to the metal surface with adsorption energy from 249.383 to 380.794 kcal mol^-1, showing strong inhibitor-metal contact.

Use of a Gemini-Surfactant Synthesized from the Mango Seed Oil as a CO2-Corrosion Inhibitor for X-120 Steel

A gemini surfactant imidazoline type, namely N-(3-(2-fatty-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propyl) fatty amide, has been obtained from the fatty acids contained in the mango seed and used as a CO₂ corrosion inhibitor for API X-120 pipeline steel. Employed techniques involved potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These tests were supported by detailed scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy studies. It was found that obtained gemini surfactant greatly decreases the steel corrosion rate by retarding both anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions, with an efficiency that increases with an increase in its concentration. Gemini surfactant inhibits the corrosion of steel by the adsorption mechanism, and it is adsorbed on to the steel surface according to a Langmuir model in a chemical type of adsorption. SEM and Raman results shown the presence of the inhibitor on the steel surface.