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Kongsil P, Ceballos H, Siriwan W, Vuttipongchaikij S, Kittipadakul P, Phumichai C, Wannarat W, Kositratana W, Vichukit V, Sarobol E, Rojanaridpiched C. Cassava Breeding and Cultivation Challenges in Thailand: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1899. [PMID: 39065426 PMCID: PMC11280297 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was introduced to Southeast Asia in the 16th-17th centuries and has since flourished as an industrial crop. Since the 1980s, Thailand has emerged as the leading producer and exporter of cassava products. This growth coincided with the initiation of cassava breeding programs in collaboration with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), focusing on root yield and starch production. The success of Thai cassava breeding programs can be attributed to the incorporation of valuable genetic diversity from international germplasm resources to cross with the local landraces, which has become the genetic foundation of many Thai commercial varieties. Effective evaluation under diverse environmental conditions has led to the release of varieties with high yield stability. A notable success is the development of Kasetsart 50. However, extreme climate change poses significant challenges, including abiotic and biotic stresses that threaten cassava root yield and starch content, leading to a potential decline in starch-based industries. Future directions for cassava breeding must include hybrid development, marker-assisted recurrent breeding, and gene editing, along with high-throughput phenotyping and flower induction. These strategies are essential to achieve breeding objectives focused on drought tolerance and disease resistance, especially for CMD and CBSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasajee Kongsil
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali 763537, Colombia;
| | - Wanwisa Siriwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | | | - Piya Kittipadakul
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Chalermpol Phumichai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Wannasiri Wannarat
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Wichai Kositratana
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Vichan Vichukit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Ed Sarobol
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Chareinsak Rojanaridpiched
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.K.); (C.P.); (W.W.); (V.V.); (E.S.); (C.R.)
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