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Liu MC, Guo QF, Zhang WW, Luo HL, Zhang WJ, Hu HJ. Olfactory ensheathing cells as candidate cells for chronic pain treatment. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102413. [PMID: 38492895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is often accompanied by tissue damage and pain hypersensitivity. It easily relapses and is challenging to cure, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life and is an urgent problem to be solved. Current treatment methods primarily rely on morphine drugs, which do not address the underlying nerve injury and may cause adverse reactions. Therefore, in recent years, scientists have shifted their focus from chronic pain treatment to cell transplantation. This review describes the classification and mechanism of chronic pain through the introduction of the characteristics of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), an in-depth discussion of special glial cells through the phagocytosis of nerve debris, receptor-ligand interactions, providing nutrition, and other inhibition of neuroinflammation, and ultimately supporting axon regeneration and mitigation of chronic pain. This review summarizes the potential and limitations of OECs for treating chronic pain by objectively analyzing relevant clinical trials and methods to enhance efficacy and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Qing-Fa Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai-Jun Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Polaske TJ, West KHJ, Zhao K, Widner DL, York JT, Blackwell HE. Chemical and biomolecular insights into the Staphylococcus aureus agr quorum sensing system: Current progress and ongoing challenges. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200096. [PMID: 38765792 PMCID: PMC11101167 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacterium that has become a major threat to human health due to its extensive toxin production and tremendous capacity for antibiotic resistance (e.g., MRSA "superbug" infections). Amid a worsening antibiotic resistance crisis, new strategies to combat this deadly microbe that remove the selective pressure of traditional approaches are in high demand. S. aureus utilizes an accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing network to monitor its local cellular population and trigger a devastating communal attack, like an invading horde, once a threshold cell density has been reached. The role of the agr system in a range of disease types is still being unraveled. Herein, we discuss the present-day biochemical understanding of agr along with unresolved details, describe its connection to the progression of infection, and review how chemical strategies have been implemented to study and intercept this signaling pathway. This research is illuminating the potential of agr as an anti-virulence target in S. aureus and should inform the study of similar, yet less studied, agr systems in related bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Polaske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Korbin H. J. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Danielle L. Widner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Jordan T. York
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Chacko A, Delbaz A, Choudhury IN, Eindorf T, Shah M, Godfrey C, Sullivan MJ, St John JA, Ulett GC, Ekberg JAK. Streptococcus agalactiae Infects Glial Cells and Invades the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory and Trigeminal Nerves. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:793416. [PMID: 35281448 PMCID: PMC8907725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.793416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae causes neonatal meningitis and can also infect the adult central nervous system (CNS). S. agalactiae can cross the blood-brain barrier but may also reach the CNS via other paths. Several species of bacteria can directly invade the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, which extend between the nasal cavity and brain and injury to the nasal epithelium can increase the risk/severity of infection. Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of S. agalactiae infection and with nasogastric tube feeding. The tubes, also used in adults, can cause nasal injuries and may be contaminated with bacteria, including S. agalactiae. We here investigated whether S. agalactiae could invade the CNS after intranasal inoculation in mice. S. agalactiae rapidly infected the olfactory nerve and brain. Methimazole-mediated model of nasal epithelial injury led to increased bacterial load in these tissues, as well as trigeminal nerve infection. S. agalactiae infected and survived intracellularly in cultured olfactory/trigeminal nerve- and brain-derived glia, resulting in cytokine production, with some differences between glial types. Furthermore, a non-capsulated S. agalactiae was used to understand the role of capsule on glial cells interaction. Interestingly, we found that the S. agalactiae capsule significantly altered cytokine and chemokine responses and affected intracellular survival in trigeminal glia. In summary, this study shows that S. agalactiae can infect the CNS via the nose-to-brain path with increased load after epithelial injury, and that the bacteria can survive in glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chacko
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Delbaz
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Indra N. Choudhury
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Tanja Eindorf
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Megha Shah
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Godfrey
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sullivan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - James A. St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A. K. Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jenny A. K. Ekberg,
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