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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Niu Z, Zhou Y, Liang M, Su F, Guo Q, Jing J, Xie J, Zhang D, Liu X. Crosstalk between ALK3(BMPR1A) deficiency and autophagy signaling mitigates pathological bone loss in osteoporosis. Bone 2024; 182:117052. [PMID: 38408588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is recognized to be one of the major skeleton diseases strongly associated with impaired bone formation. Previous reports have indicated that the importance of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling of osteoblast lineage in bone development via classical Smad signaling, however, its critical role in osteoporosis is still not well understood. In the current study, we aim to investigate the pathological role of BMPR1A, a key receptor of BMPs, in osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. We first found that knockdown of BMPR1A by using Col1a1-creER in osteoblasts mitigated early bone loss of osteoporosis in mice, yet along with late bone maturation defects by reducing mineral adherence rate and bone formation rate in vivo. At the cellular level, we then observed that BMPR1A deficiency promoted the proliferation of pre-osteoblasts under osteoporotic conditions but hindered their late-stage mineralization. We finally elucidated that BMPR1A deficiency compensatorily triggered mTOR-autophagy perturbation by a higher level in early osteoporotic pre-osteoblasts thus resulting in the enhancement of transient cell proliferation but impairment of final mineralization. Taken together, this study indicated the significance of BMPR1A-mTOR/autophagy axis, as a double-edged sword, in osteoporotic bone formation and provided new cues for therapeutic strategies in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Muchun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Khoswanto C, Dewi IK. The role of Wnt signaling on Tooth Extraction Wound Healing: Narrative review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:516-520. [PMID: 38690381 PMCID: PMC11056418 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to an incisional skin or mucosal wound, a tooth extraction wound results in far more soft tissue loss. A blood clot instantly fills the gap left by the extracted tooth. An embryonic type of bone forms during the healing of extraction wounds, and mature bone only later replaces it. Osteocytes in embryonic bone, also known as coarse fibrillar bone or immature bone, differ from those in adult bone in terms of number, size, and irregular arrangement. This immature bone is more radiolucent than mature bone due to the higher cell density and the smaller volume of calcified intercellular material. The Wnt gene family contains genes that encode secreted signaling proteins that have good promise for promoting bone regeneration. However, we still have a limited understanding the interplay of the molecular elements of the Wnt pathway in signal transduction, from ligand detection on the cell surface to transcription of target genes in the nucleus. We discuss the function of Wnt signaling molecules in this review, in tissue repair following tooth extraction and present recent results about these molecules. Conclusions: Wnt signaling activity helps to hasten bone regeneration while bone healing is slowed down by mutations in LRP5/6 or β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khoswanto
- Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia
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Wang J, Yang J, Tang Z, Yu Y, Chen H, Yu Q, Zhang D, Yan C. Curculigo orchioides polysaccharide COP70-1 stimulates osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by activating the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125879. [PMID: 37473884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide CO70 isolated from Curculigo orchioides could alleviate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. To clarify the bioactive components, a new heteropolysaccharide (COP70-1) was purified from CO70 in this study, which was consisted of β-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Manp-(1→, and →4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→. COP70-1 significantly promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through improving alkaline phosphatase activity, the deposition of calcium as well as up-regulating the expression of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OSX, BSP, OCN, and OPN). Furthermore, COP70-1 stimulated the expression of critical transcription factors of the BMP and Wnt pathways, including BMP2, p-SMAD1, active-β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, and LEF-1. In addition, LDN (BMP pathway inhibitor) and DKK-1 (Wnt pathway inhibitor) suppressed the COP70-1-induced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, COP70-1 was one of the bioactive constituents of C. orchioides for targeting osteoblasts to treat osteoporosis by triggering BMP/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zonggui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Progress of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030483. [PMID: 36979418 PMCID: PMC10046187 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, one of the serious health diseases, involves bone mass loss, bone density diminishing, and degeneration of bone microstructure, which is accompanied by a tendency toward bone fragility and a predisposition to fracture. More than 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, and the cost of treating osteoporotic fractures is expected to reach at least $25 billion by 2025. The generation and development of osteoporosis are regulated by genetic factors and regulatory factors such as TGF-β, BMP, and FGF through multiple pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, the Notch signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Among them, the Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways. It is not only involved in bone development and metabolism but also in the differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Dkk-1 and SOST are Wnt inhibitory proteins that can inhibit the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and block the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of Wnt proteins, β-catenin, and signaling molecules in the process of signal transduction and summarized the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and bone-related cells. We hope to attract attention to the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis and offer new perspectives and approaches to making a diagnosis and giving treatment for osteoporosis.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Li M, Liu Y, Tu X. Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Osteocytes Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs through BMP-7. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416045. [PMID: 36555684 PMCID: PMC9785209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is critically needed in orthopedic clinical practice. We found that, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) gene expression was significantly increased in fractured mice, which activates canonical Wnt signaling exclusively in osteocytes. Wnt and BMP signaling appear to exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects in different kinds of cells. However, the communication between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and BMP signaling in osteocytes is almost unknown. Our study verified in vitro that BMP-7 expression was significantly increased when Wnt signaling was activated in osteocytes. Next, BMP-7 in osteocytes was overexpressed using an adenovirus, the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) was enhanced, when cocultured with osteocytes. On the contrary, BMP-7 in osteocytes was silenced using an adenovirus, the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) was weakened. In addition, the osteogenesis of BMSCs was no longer promoted by Wnt-activated osteocytes when BMP-7 was silenced. Therefore, the results showed that BMP-7 mediated the anabolic actions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteocytes. Our study provides new evidence for the clinical application of BMP-7-overexpressed osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.T.); Tel.: +86-23-6365-1934 (X.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Tu
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.T.); Tel.: +86-23-6365-1934 (X.T.)
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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王 欣, 牛 志, 张 德, 谢 静, 周 学. [Latest Research Findings on the Regulation of Bone Homeostasis by ALK3]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:517-522. [PMID: 35642164 PMCID: PMC10409440 DOI: 10.12182/20220560304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling, which is well orchestrated by osteogenesis of osteoblasts and osteoclastogenesis of osteoclasts, maintains the homeostasis of osteal development and metabolism under physiological conditions. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A, also known as activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3), which exists on cytomembrane, is one of the key receptors of BMP factors, and is an important "gateway" that regulates the entrance of BMP signaling into cells in order to perform biological functions. The roles of BMP signaling in bone remodeling have been extensively studied. Many new discoveries have been reported in recent years through research based on transgenic mice models and focused on ALK3 as targets, shedding new light on the regulations of bone remodeling, cartilage and joint development, and the occurrence and treatment of bone-related diseases. Established understanding has been expanded, but new challenges on existing clinical application of BMPs also appeared. Hence, we reviewed recent studies on ALK3's involvement in bone formation and bone resorption, analyzed its mechanism of action in bone regulation, summarized the roles of ALK3 in the development of cartilage and temporomandibular joint, and reported the latest progress in treatment in preclinical studies, intending to provide references for subsequent studies and clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 欣越 王
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 志兴 牛
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 德茂 张
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 谢
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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The management of bone defect using long non-coding RNA as a potential biomarker for regulating the osteogenic differentiation process. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2443-2453. [PMID: 34973122 PMCID: PMC8863721 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered bone brings hope to the treatment of bone defects, and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is the key link. Inducing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells may be a potential approach to promote bone regeneration. In recent years, lncRNA has been studied in the field increasingly, which is believed can regulate cell cycle, proliferation, metastasis, differentiation and immunity, participating in a variety of physiology and pathology processes. At present, it has been confirmed that certain lncRNAs regulate the osteogenesis of stem cells and take part in mediating signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, TGF-β/BMP, and Notch pathways. Here, we provided an overview of lncRNA, reviewed its researches in the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, emphasized the importance of lncRNA in bone regeneration, and focused on the roles of lncRNA in signaling pathways, in order to make adequate preparations for applying lncRNA to bone tissue Engineering, letting it regulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone regeneration.
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