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Wu HH, Leng S, Sergi C, Leng R. How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5865. [PMID: 38892054 PMCID: PMC11172831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
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2
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Vo TH, EL-Sherbieny Abdelaal E, Jordan E, O'Donovan O, McNeela EA, Mehta JP, Rani S. miRNAs as biomarkers of therapeutic response to HER2-targeted treatment in breast cancer: A systematic review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101588. [PMID: 38088952 PMCID: PMC10711031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of lethal cancer in women globally. Women have a 1 in 8 chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. Among the four primary molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and triple-negative), HER2+ accounts for 20-25 % of all breast cancer and is rather aggressive. Although the treatment outcome of HER2+ breast cancer patients has been significantly improved with anti-HER2 agents, primary and acquired drug resistance present substantial clinical issues, limiting the benefits of HER2-targeted treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in regulating acquired drug resistance. miRNA are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of around 20-25 nucleotides, known for essential roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miRNA-mediated alteration of gene expression is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatment. Comprehensive knowledge of miRNAs as potential markers of drug response can help provide valuable guidance for treatment prognosis and personalized medicine for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoa Vo
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Emmet Jordan
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, X91 ER8E, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Donovan
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Edel A. McNeela
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jai Prakash Mehta
- Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
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3
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Hussen BM, Abdullah KH, Abdullah SR, Majeed NM, Mohamadtahr S, Rasul MF, Dong P, Taheri M, Samsami M. New insights of miRNA molecular mechanisms in breast cancer brain metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:645-660. [PMID: 37818447 PMCID: PMC10560790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases in breast cancer (BC) patients are often associated with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have uncovered the critical roles of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of BC brain metastasis, highlighting the disease's underlying molecular pathways. miRNA-181c, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-21, for example, are all overexpressed in BC patients. It has been shown that these three miRNAs help tumors grow and metastasize by targeting genes that control how cells work. On the other hand, miRNA-26b5p, miRNA-7, and miRNA-1013p are all downregulated in BC brain metastasis patients. They act as tumor suppressors by controlling the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and invasion. Therapeutic miRNA targeting has considerable promise in treating BC brain metastases. Several strategies have been proposed to modulate miRNA expression, including miRNA-Mimics, antagomirs, and small molecule inhibitors of miRNA biogenesis. This review discusses the aberrant expression of miRNAs and metastatic pathways that lead to the spread of BC cells to the brain. It also explores miRNA therapeutic target molecular mechanisms and BC brain metastasis challenges with advanced strategies. The targeting of certain miRNAs opens a new door for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Khozga Hazhar Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Alsaab HO, Abdullaev B, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Jahlan I, Bahir H, Bisht YS, Alsaalamy A, Jabbar AM, Mustafa YF. A comprehension of signaling pathways and drug resistance; an insight into the correlation between microRNAs and cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154848. [PMID: 37862919 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous therapies, cancer remains an incurable disease due to various factors, including drug resistance produced by cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate different target genes involved in biological and pathological processes, including cancer, through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The development of drug resistance in cancer treatment is a significant barrier because it decreases drug uptake, cellular transport, and changes in proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic pathways. Numerous studies have found a connection between miRNAs and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. This paper provides a broad overview of how miRNAs regulate signaling pathways and influence treatment resistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Milliy Bog Street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ibtesam Jahlan
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Bahir
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yashwant Singh Bisht
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Abeer Mhussan Jabbar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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5
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Xia S, Xu C, Liu F, Chen G. Development of microRNA-based therapeutics for central nervous system diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175956. [PMID: 37541374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing is a method of RNA interference in which a miRNA binds to messenger RNA sequences and regulates target gene expression. MiRNA-based therapeutics have shown promise in treating a variety of central nervous system diseases, as verified by results from diverse preclinical model organisms. Over the last decade, several miRNA-based therapeutics have entered clinical trials for various kinds of diseases, such as tumors, infections, and inherited diseases. However, such clinical trials for central nervous system diseases are scarce, and many central nervous system diseases, including hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, intractable epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease, lack effective treatment. Considering its effectiveness for central nervous system diseases in preclinical experiments, microRNA-based intervention may serve as a promising treatment for these kinds of diseases. This paper reviews basic principles and recent progress of miRNA-based therapeutics and summarizes general procedures to develop such therapeutics for treating central nervous system diseases. Then, the current obstacles in drug development are discussed. This review also provides a new perspective on possible solutions to these obstacles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Lian W, Yang P, Li L, Chen D, Wang C. A ceRNA network-mediated over-expression of cuproptosis-related gene SLC31A1 correlates with poor prognosis and positive immune infiltration in breast cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1194046. [PMID: 37275369 PMCID: PMC10234574 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1194046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Solute carrier family 31 member 1(SLC31A1) has been reported as the copper importer, and was identified to be involved in the process of "cuproptosis". However, the mechanism of SLC31A1 in breast cancer remains unclear. Methods We examined the expression of SLC31A1 mRNA in breast cancer tissues and cell lines using Real-time PCR. The data for this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed via R 3.6.3. TIMER, UALCAN, GEPIA2, STRING, Metascape, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, starBase and miRNet websites were used for a comprehensive analysis of SLC31A1. Results Our study suggested that SLC31A1 mRNA was over-expressed in breast tumor tissue and breast cancer cell lines, and which was closely related to poor relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). In addition, we constructed a co-expression network of SLC31A1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that they were mainly involved in copper ion transport. Interestingly, SLC31A1 expression was positively associated with all m6A-related genes, especially with YTHDF3 (r = 0.479). Importantly, the LINC00511/miR-29c-3p/SLC31A1 axis was identified as the most potential pathway promoting breast cancer progress by affecting copper transport. Furthermore, the expression level of SLC31A1 in breast cancer was positively correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF). Conclusion Up-regulation of SLC31A1 expression and regulation of copper ion transport mediated by LINC00511-miR-29-3p axis is related to poor prognosis and positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangqiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Debo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Bayraktar E, Bayraktar R, Oztatlici H, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C. Targeting miRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs as a Therapeutic Approach: An Update. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9020027. [PMID: 37104009 PMCID: PMC10145226 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), the understanding of miRNA biology has expanded substantially. miRNAs are involved and described as master regulators of the major hallmarks of cancer, including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, the cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. Experimental data indicate that cancer phenotypes can be modified by targeting miRNA expression, and because miRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs), they have emerged as attractive tools and, more importantly, as a new class of targets for drug development in cancer therapeutics. With the use of miRNA mimics or molecules targeting miRNAs (i.e., small-molecule inhibitors such as anti-miRS), these therapeutics have shown promise in preclinical settings. Some miRNA-targeted therapeutics have been extended to clinical development, such as the mimic of miRNA-34 for treating cancer. Here, we discuss insights into the role of miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and resistance and summarize some recent successful systemic delivery approaches and recent developments in miRNAs as targets for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of mimics and inhibitors that are in clinical trials and finally a list of clinical trials based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hulya Oztatlici
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Normann LS, Haugen MH, Hongisto V, Aure MR, Leivonen SK, Kristensen VN, Tahiri A, Engebraaten O, Sahlberg KK, Mælandsmo GM. High-throughput screen in vitro identifies dasatinib as a candidate for combinatorial treatment with HER2-targeting drugs in breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280507. [PMID: 36706086 PMCID: PMC9882887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of this disease. Targeted treatment has improved outcome, but there is still a need for new therapeutic strategies as some patients respond poorly to treatment. Our aim was to identify compounds that substantially affect viability in HER2+ breast cancer cells in response to combinatorial treatment. We performed a high-throughput drug screen of 278 compounds in combination with trastuzumab and lapatinib using two HER2+ breast cancer cell lines (KPL4 and SUM190PT). The most promising drugs were validated in vitro and in vivo, and downstream molecular changes of the treatments were analyzed. The screen revealed multiple drugs that could be used in combination with lapatinib and/or trastuzumab. The Src-inhibitor dasatinib showed the largest combinatorial effect together with lapatinib in the KPL4 cell line compared to treatment with dasatinib alone (p < 0.01). In vivo, only lapatinib significantly reduced tumor growth (p < 0.05), whereas dasatinib alone, or in combination with lapatinib, did not show significant effects. Protein analyses of the treated xenografts showed significant alterations in protein levels compared to untreated controls, suggesting that all drugs reached the tumor and exerted a measurable effect. In silico analyses suggested activation of apoptosis and reduced activity of survival pathways by all treatments, but the opposite pattern was observed for the combinatorial treatment compared to lapatinib alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Svartdal Normann
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads Haugland Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Division of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andliena Tahiri
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Allahyari E, Velaei K, Sanaat Z, Jalilzadeh N, Mehdizadeh A, Rahmati M. RNA interference: Promising approach for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:833-847. [PMID: 36571107 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the main health-related challenges, and in the meantime, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women, with an alarming number of incidences and deaths every year. For this reason, the discovery of novel and more effective approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the disease are very important. In this regard, scientists are looking for diagnostic molecules to achieve the above-mentioned goals with higher accuracy and specificity. RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranslational regulatory process mediated by microRNA intervention and small interfering RNAs. After transcription and edition, these two noncoding RNAs are integrated and activated with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and AGO2 to connect the target mRNA by their complementary sequence and suppress their translation, thus reducing the expression of their target genes. These two RNAi categories show different patterns in different BC types and stages compared to healthy cells, and hence, these molecules have high diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic potentials. This article aims to review the RNAi pathway and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials with a special focus on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Allahyari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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The Role of MicroRNAs in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Where We Are and Future Prospective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215326. [PMID: 36358746 PMCID: PMC9657949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy in woman worldwide and, despite the availability of new innovative therapies, it remains the first cause of death for tumor in woman. 20% of all breast cancer cases are HER2 positive, meaning that they are characterized by an aberrant expression of the growth factor receptor HER2. This receptor is involved in survival and proliferation mechanisms, conferring to this breast cancer subtype a particular aggressiveness. The introduction of anti-HER2 agents, such as trastuzumab, in the clinical practice, significantly improved the prognosis. However, a great portion of patients is not responsive to this therapy. Thus, cancer research is working to provide new tools to better manage HER2 positive breast cancers, such as biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs could be used for these purposes. They are small molecules involved in almost all biological processes, including cancer promoting pathways. Researchers consider microRNAs as promising clinical tools because they are easily detectable and stable in both tissues and blood samples, and an increasing body of evidence supports their potential use as targets of therapy, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, or therapeutic agents. This review sums up the most recent scientific publications about microRNAs in HER2 positive breast cancer. Abstract Breast cancer that highly expresses human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) represents one of the major breast cancer subtypes, and was associated with a poor prognosis until the introduction of HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab. Unfortunately, up to 30% of patients with HER2+ localized breast cancer continue to relapse, despite treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 20 nucleotides long) non-coding regulatory oligonucleotides. They function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, binding complementarily to a target mRNA and leading to the arrest of translation or mRNA degradation. In the last two decades, translational research has focused on these small molecules because of their highly differentiated expression patterns in blood and tumor tissue, as well as their potential biological function. In cancer research, they have become pivotal for the thorough understanding of oncogenic biological processes. They might also provide an efficient approach to early monitoring of tumor progression or response to therapy. Indeed, changes in their expression patterns can represent a flag for deeper biological changes. In this review, we sum up the recent literature regarding miRNAs in HER2+ breast cancer, taking into account their potential as powerful prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as therapeutic tools.
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11
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Ahmed R, Samanta S, Banerjee J, Kar SS, Dash SK. Modulatory role of miRNAs in thyroid and breast cancer progression and insights into their therapeutic manipulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 36568259 PMCID: PMC9780070 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, thyroid cancer has become one of the most common types of endocrine cancer, contributing to an increase in prevalence. In the year 2020, there were 586,202 newly diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer around the world. This constituted approximately 3.0% of all patients diagnosed with cancer. The World Health Organization reported that there will be 2.3 million women receiving treatment for breast cancer in 2020, with 685,000. Despite the fact that carcinoma is one of the world's leading causes of death, there is still a paucity of information about its biology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are non-coding RNAs that can reduce gene expression by cleaving the 3' untranslated regions of mRNA. These factors make them a potential protein translation inhibitor. Diverse biological mechanisms implicated in the genesis of cancer are modulated by miRNA. The investigation of global miRNA expression in cancer showed regulatory activity through up regulation and down-regulation in several cancers, including thyroid cancer and breast cancer. In thyroid cancer, miRNA influences several cancers related signaling pathways through modulating MAPK, PI3K, and the RAS pathway. In breast cancer, the regulatory activity of miRNA was played through the cyclin protein family, protein kinases and their inhibitors, and other growth promoters or suppressors, which modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. This article's goal is to discuss key miRNA expressions that are involved in the development of thyroid and breast cancer as well as their therapeutic manipulation for these two specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubai Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrendu Sankar Kar
- Department of Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author.
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Mohamed HT, El-Sharkawy AA, El-Shinawi M, Schneider RJ, Mohamed MM. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Secretome of HCMV+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Enhances Proliferation, Invasion, Colony Formation, and Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899622. [PMID: 35847899 PMCID: PMC9281473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive phenotype of breast cancer that is characterized by a high incidence early metastasis. We previously reported a significant association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in the carcinoma tissues of IBC patients but not in the adjacent normal tissues. HCMV-infected macrophages serve as “mobile vectors” for spreading and disseminating virus to different organs, and IBC cancer tissues are highly infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that enhance IBC progression and promote breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like properties. Therefore, there is a need to understand the role of HCMV-infected TAMs in IBC progression. The present study aimed to test the effect of the secretome (cytokines and secreted factors) of TAMs derived from HCMV+ monocytes isolated from IBC specimens on the proliferation, invasion, and BCSC abundance when tested on the IBC cell line SUM149. HCMV+ monocytes were isolated from IBC patients during modified radical mastectomy surgery and tested in vitro for polarization into TAMs using the secretome of SUM149 cells. MTT, clonogenic, invasion, real-time PCR arrays, PathScan Intracellular Signaling array, and cytokine arrays were used to characterize the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs for their effect on the progression of SUM149 cells. The results showed that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs expressed high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines compared to HCMV- TAMs. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs induced the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and expression of BCSC-related genes in SUM149 cells compared to mock untreated cells. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs activated the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK in SUM149 cells. In conclusion, this study shows that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs enhances the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and BCSC properties by activating the phosphorylation of p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK intracellular signaling molecules in IBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hossam Taha Mohamed,
| | | | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Sector of International Cooperation, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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Ejigah V, Mandala B, Akala EO. Nanotechnology in the development of small and large molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER & METASTASIS RESEARCH 2022; 4:6-22. [PMID: 38966076 PMCID: PMC11223443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family which includes EGFR, HER3 and HER4. They are known to play critical roles in both normal development and cancer. A subset of breast cancers is associated with the HER2 gene, which is amplified and/or overexpressed in 20-25% of invasive breast cancers and is correlated with tumor resistance to chemotherapy, Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) and poor patient survival. The advent of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors has improved the prognosis of HER2-postive breast cancers; however, HER2+MBC invariably progresses (acquired resistance or de novo resistance). The monoclonal antibody-based drugs (large molecule TKIs) target the extracellular binding domain of HER2; while the small molecule TKIs act intracellularly to inhibit proliferation and survival signals. We reviewed the modes of action of the TKIs with a view to showing which of the TKIs could be combined in nanoparticles to benefit from the power of nanotechnology (reduced toxicity, improved solubility of hydrophobic drugs, long circulation half-lives, circumventing efflux pumps and preventing capture by the reticuloendothelial system (mononuclear phagocyte system). Nanotherapeutics also mediate the synchronization of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of multiple drugs incorporated in the nanoparticles. Novel TKIs that are currently under investigation with or without nanoparticle delivery are mentioned, and nano-based strategies to improve their delivery are suggested. Immunotherapies currently in clinical practice, clinical trials or at the preclinical stage are discussed. However, immunotherapy only works well in relatively small subsets of patients. Combining nanomedicine with immunotherapy can boost therapeutic outcomes, by turning "cold" non-immunoresponsive tumors and metastases into "hot" immunoresponsive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ejigah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Howard University Washington DC, Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), USA
| | - Bharathi Mandala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Howard University Washington DC, Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), USA
| | - Emmanuel O Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Howard University Washington DC, Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), USA
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14
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Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific miRNAs: Networks, Impacts, and the Potential for Intervention. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030651. [PMID: 35327452 PMCID: PMC8945552 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory and functional roles of non-coding RNAs are increasingly demonstrated as critical in cancer. Among non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most well-studied with direct regulation of biological signals through post-transcriptional repression of mRNAs. Like the transcriptome, which varies between tissue type and disease condition, the miRNA landscape is also similarly altered and shows disease-specific changes. The importance of individual tumor-promoting or suppressing miRNAs is well documented in breast cancer; however, the implications of miRNA networks is less defined. Some evidence suggests that breast cancer subtype-specific cellular effects are influenced by distinct miRNAs and a comprehensive network of subtype-specific miRNAs and mRNAs would allow us to better understand breast cancer signaling. In this review, we discuss the altered miRNA landscape in the context of breast cancer and propose that breast cancer subtypes have distinct miRNA dysregulation. Further, given that miRNAs can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers, their impact as novel targets for subtype-specific therapy is also possible and suggest important implications for subtype-specific miRNAs.
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Normann LS, Haugen MH, Aure MR, Kristensen VN, Mælandsmo GM, Sahlberg KK. miR-101-5p Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Improves Targeted Therapy. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2022; 14:25-39. [PMID: 35256859 PMCID: PMC8898020 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s338404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancers responding poorly to targeted therapy need improved treatment options. miR-101-5p has shown tumor-suppressive properties in multiple cancer forms, and we assessed the effect and mechanism of action of this miRNA in HER2+ breast cancer. Methods Expression levels of miR-101-5p in two clinical datasets, TCGA and METABRIC, were compared between tumor and normal adjacent samples, and across molecular subtypes and HER2 status. The ability of miR-101-5p to sensitize for treatment with lapatinib, tucatinib and trastuzumab was explored in HER2+ breast cancer cells responding poorly to such targeted drugs. Proliferation and apoptosis assays and downstream protein analysis were performed. Results Expression levels of miR-101-5p were significantly lower in tumor compared to normal adjacent tissue (p < 0.001), and particularly low in HER2+ tumors, both the HER2-enriched subtype (p ≤ 0.037) and clinical HER2-status (p < 0.001). In a HER2+ cell line (KPL4) responding poorly to targeted drugs, miR-101-5p overexpression inhibited proliferation (p < 0.001), and combinatorial treatment with lapatinib and trastuzumab significantly further decreased this inhibition (p = 0.004). Proteomic data and in silico analyses revealed PI3K/Akt- and HER2-pathways among the predicted regulated pathways. miR-101-5p alone (p = 0.018) and in combination with lapatinib and trastuzumab (p < 0.001) induced apoptosis, while the targeted drugs alone did not exert any significant effect neither on proliferation nor apoptosis. Conclusion miR-101-5p acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis in HER2+ breast cancer and sensitizes cells with initially poor response to lapatinib and trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Svartdal Normann
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads Haugland Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Li TT, Mou J, Pan YJ, Huo FC, Du WQ, Liang J, Wang Y, Zhang LS, Pei DS. MicroRNA-138-1-3p sensitizes sorafenib to hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting PAK5 mediated β-catenin/ABCB1 signaling pathway. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:56. [PMID: 34340705 PMCID: PMC8327419 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sorafenib is a kinase inhibitor that is used as a first-line therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the existence of sorafenib resistance has limited its therapeutic effect. Through RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that miR-138-1-3p was downregulated in sorafenib resistant HCC cell lines. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-138-1-3p in sorafenib resistance of HCC. Methods In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot were utilized to detect the levels of PAK5 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and parental cells. The biological functions of miR-138-1-3p and PAK5 in sorafenib-resistant cells and their parental cells were explored by cell viability assays and flow cytometric analyses. The mechanisms for the involvement of PAK5 were examined via co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The effects of miR-138-1-3p and PAK5 on HCC sorafenib resistant characteristics were investigated by a xenotransplantation model. Results We detected significant down-regulation of miR-138-1-3p and up-regulation of PAK5 in sorafenib-resistance HCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-138-1-3p reduced the protein expression of PAK5 by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of PAK5 mRNA. In addition, we verified that PAK5 enhanced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin that increased the transcriptional activity of a multidrug resistance protein ABCB1. Conclusions PAK5 contributed to the sorafenib resistant characteristics of HCC via β-catenin/ABCB1 signaling pathway. Our findings identified the correlation between miR-138-1-3p and PAK5 and the molecular mechanisms of PAK5-mediated sorafenib resistance in HCC, which provided a potential therapeutic target in advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Chun Huo
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Du
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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