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Puglia D, Luzi F, Tolisano C, Rallini M, Priolo D, Brienza M, Costantino F, Torre L, Del Buono D. Cellulose Nanocrystals and Lignin Nanoparticles Extraction from Lemna minor L.: Acid Hydrolysis of Bleached and Ionic Liquid-Treated Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1395. [PMID: 38794588 PMCID: PMC11125853 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Using biomass to develop and obtain environmentally friendly and industrially applicable biomaterials is increasingly attracting global interest. Herein, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were extracted from Lemna minor L., a freshwater free-floating aquatic species commonly called duckweed. To obtain CNCs and LNPs, two different procedures and biomass treatment processes based on bleaching or on the use of an ionic liquid composed of triethylammonium and sulfuric acid ([TEA][HSO4]), followed by acid hydrolysis, were carried out. Then, the effects of these treatments in terms of the thermal, morphological, and chemical properties of the CNCs and LNPs were assessed. The resulting nanostructured materials were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the two methodologies applied resulted in both CNCs and LNPs. However, the bleaching-based treatment produced CNCs with a rod-like shape, length of 100-300 nm and width in the range of 10-30 nm, and higher purity than those obtained with ILs that were spherical in shape. In contrast, regarding lignin, IL made it possible to obtain spherical nanoparticles, as in the case of the other treatment, but they were characterized by higher purity and thermal stability. In conclusion, this research highlights the possibility of obtaining nanostructured biopolymers from an invasive aquatic species that is largely available in nature and how it is possible, by modifying experimental procedures, to obtain nanomaterials with different morphological, purity, and thermal resistance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Puglia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy; (M.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, UdR INSTM, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Ciro Tolisano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.T.); (D.P.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Marco Rallini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy; (M.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Dario Priolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.T.); (D.P.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Monica Brienza
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Costantino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologia, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy; (M.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Daniele Del Buono
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.T.); (D.P.); (D.D.B.)
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Wang Y, Cai D, Jiang Y, Mei X, Ren W, Sun M, Su C, Cao H, Zhang C, Qin P. Rapid fractionation of corn stover by microwave-assisted protic ionic liquid [TEA][HSO 4] for fermentative acetone-butanol-ethanol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:62. [PMID: 38715100 PMCID: PMC11077788 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of ionic liquids (ILs) to fractionate lignocelluloses for various bio-based chemicals productions is in the ascendant. On this basis, the protic ILs consisting of triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4]) possessed great promise due to the low price, low pollution, and high efficiency. In this study, the microwave-assistant [TEA][HSO4] fractionation process was established for corn stover fractionation, so as to facilitate the monomeric sugars production and supported the downstream acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. RESULTS The assistance of microwave irradiation could obviously shorten the fractionation period of corn stover. Under the optimized condition (190 W for 3 min), high xylan removal (93.17 ± 0.63%) and delignification rate (72.90 ± 0.81%) were realized. The mechanisms for the promotion effect of the microwave to the protic ILs fractionation process were ascribed to the synergistic effect of the IL and microwaves to the depolymerization of lignocellulose through the ionic conduction, which can be clarified by the characterization of the pulps and the isolated lignin specimens. Downstream valorization of the fractionated pulps into ABE productions was also investigated. The [TEA][HSO4] free corn stover hydrolysate was capable of producing 12.58 g L-1 of ABE from overall 38.20 g L-1 of monomeric sugars without detoxification and additional nutrients supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The assistance of microwave irradiation could significantly promote the corn stover fractionation by [TEA][HSO4]. Mass balance indicated that 8.1 g of ABE and 16.61 g of technical lignin can be generated from 100 g of raw corn stover based on the novel fractionation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Jiang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Mei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Ren
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mingyuan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Su
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiyong Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Olawuni OA, Sadare OO, Moothi K. The adsorption routes of 4IR technologies for effective desulphurization using cellulose nanocrystals: Current trends, challenges, and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24732. [PMID: 38312585 PMCID: PMC10835247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The combustion of liquid fuels as energy sources for transportation and power generation has necessitated governments worldwide to direct petroleum refineries to produce sulphur-free fuels for environmental sustainability. This review highlights the novel application of artificial intelligence for optimizing and predicting adsorptive desulphurization operating parameters and green isolation conditions of nanocellulose crystals from lignocellulosic biomass waste. The shortcomings of the traditional modelling and optimization techniques are stated, and artificial intelligence's role in overcoming them is broadly discussed. Also, the relationship between nanotechnology and artificial intelligence and the future perspectives of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies for optimization and modelling of the adsorptive desulphurization process are elaborately discussed. The current study surveys different adsorbents used in adsorptive desulphurization and how biomass-based nanocellulose crystals (green adsorbents) are suitable alternatives for achieving cleaner fuels and environmental sustainability. Likewise, the present study reports the challenges and potential solutions to fully implementing 4IR technologies for effective desulphurization of liquid fuels in petroleum refineries. Hence, this study provides insightful information to benefit a broad audience in waste valorization for sustainability, environmental protection, and clean energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbenga A Olawuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Olawumi O Sadare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Claveton Down, Bath, North East Somerset, BA27AY, South West, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Moothi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Shikh Zahari SMSN, Liu Y, Yao P, Ideris MS, Azman HH, Hallett JP. OPEFB pretreatment using the low-cost N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid under varying conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22354. [PMID: 38102175 PMCID: PMC10724162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of temperature and period on the pretreatment of OPEFB using the low-cost N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid ([DMBA][HSO4] IL) with 20 wt% of water. The results demonstrate that higher pretreatment temperatures (120, 150, and 170 °C) and longer periods (0.5, 1, and 2 h) enhanced lignin recovery, resulting in increased purity of the recovered pulp and subsequently enhanced glucose released during enzymatic hydrolysis. However, at 170 °C, prolonging the period led to cellulose degradation and the formation of pseudo-lignin deposited on the pulps, resulting in a decreasing-trend in glucose released. Finally, the analysis of extracted lignin reveals that increasing pretreatment severity intensified lignin depolymerisation and condensation, leading to a decrease in number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Đ) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK.
- Industrial Chemical Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Putian Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Mahfuzah Samirah Ideris
- Industrial Chemical Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hazeeq Hazwan Azman
- Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK.
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Negi A, Kesari KK. Light-Driven Depolymerization of Cellulosic Biomass into Hydrocarbons. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3671. [PMID: 37765525 PMCID: PMC10537178 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose and hemicellulose are the main constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. Chemical derivatization of lignocellulosic biomass leads to a range of C5 and C6 organic compounds. These C5 and C6 compounds are valuable precursors (or fine chemicals) for developing sustainable chemical processes. Therefore, depolymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose is essential, leading to the development of various materials that have applications in biomaterial industries. However, most depolymerized processes for cellulose have limited success because of its structural quality: crystallinity, high hydrogen-bond networking, and mild solubility in organic and water. As a result, various chemical treatments, acidic (mineral or solid acids) and photocatalysis, have developed. One of the significant shortcomings of acidic treatment is that the requirement for high temperatures increases the commercial end cost (energy) and hampers product selectivity. For example, a catalyst with prolonged exposure to high temperatures damages the catalyst surface over time; therefore, it cannot be used for iterative cycles. Photocatalysts provide ample application to overcome such flaws as they do not require high temperatures to perform efficient catalysis. Various photocatalysts have shown efficient cellulosic biomass conversion into its C6 and C5 hydrocarbons and the production of hydrogen (as a green energy component). For example, TiO2-based photocatalysts are the most studied for biomass valorization. Herein, we discussed the feasibility of a photocatalyst with application to cellulosic biomass hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Research and Development Cell, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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Poolakkalody NJ, Ramesh K, Palliprath S, Nittoor SN, Santiago R, Kabekkodu SP, Manisseri C. Understanding triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO]) pretreatment induced changes in Pennisetum polystachion cell wall matrix and its implications on biofuel yield. RENEWABLE ENERGY 2023; 209:420-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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Nurdin M, Mulkiyan LOMZ, Sugiwati S, Abimayu H, Arifin ZS, Muryanto M, Maulidiyah M, Arham Z, Salim LOA, Irwan I, Umar AA. Productivity of Aspergillus niger InaCC F57 Isolate as Cellulase Agent in OPEFB Hydrolysis for Glucose High Yield. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Stanisz M, Klapiszewski Ł, Dobrowolska A, Piasecki A, Czaczyk K, Jesionowski T. The Practical Utility of Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate Ionic Liquid in Fabrication of Lignin-Based Spheres: Structure Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:946665. [PMID: 35873052 PMCID: PMC9298852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.946665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lignin-based spherical particles (Lig-IL) with the use of 1-(propoxymethyl)-1H-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate were prepared in different biopolymer and ionic liquid (IL) weight ratios. The application of IL during the preparation of spherical particles is an innovative method, which may be beneficial for further applications. The particles were obtained with the use of the soft-templating method and their chemical, structural and morphological characterization was performed. The spherical shape of products and their size (91–615 nm) was confirmed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the particle size distribution results. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were analyzed to identify functional groups of all precursors and produced material and it was confirmed, that all materials exhibit characteristic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, but the presence of carbonyl group was detected. Moreover, the zeta potential analysis was performed to evaluate the electrokinetic behavior of obtained materials. It was confirmed, that all materials are colloidally stable in pH above 4. Produced lignin-based spherical particles were used for evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Particles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), a gram-negative one. It was observed, that only the material with the highest addition of IL showed the antibacterial properties against both strains. A reduction of 50% in the number of microorganisms was observed for particles with the addition of hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid in a 1:1 ratio after 1 h. However, all prepared materials exhibited the antibacterial activity against a gram-positive bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stanisz
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Klapiszewski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Dobrowolska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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