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Hout MC, Papesh MH, Masadeh S, Sandin H, Walenchok SC, Post P, Madrid J, White B, Pinto JDG, Welsh J, Goode D, Skulsky R, Rodriguez MC. The Oddity Detection in Diverse Scenes (ODDS) database: Validated real-world scenes for studying anomaly detection. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:583-599. [PMID: 35353316 PMCID: PMC8966608 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many applied screening tasks (e.g., medical image or baggage screening) involve challenging searches for which standard laboratory search is rarely equivalent. For example, whereas laboratory search frequently requires observers to look for precisely defined targets among isolated, non-overlapping images randomly arrayed on clean backgrounds, medical images present unspecified targets in noisy, yet spatially regular scenes. Those unspecified targets are typically oddities, elements that do not belong. To develop a closer laboratory analogue to this, we created a database of scenes containing subtle, ill-specified "oddity" targets. These scenes have similar perceptual densities and spatial regularities to those found in expert search tasks, and each includes 16 variants of the unedited scene wherein an oddity (a subtle deformation of the scene) is hidden. In Experiment 1, eight volunteers searched thousands of scene variants for an oddity. Regardless of their search accuracy, they were then shown the highlighted anomaly and rated its subtlety. Subtlety ratings reliably predicted search performance (accuracy and response times) and did so better than image statistics. In Experiment 2, we conducted a conceptual replication in which a larger group of naïve searchers scanned subsets of the scene variants. Prior subtlety ratings reliably predicted search outcomes. Whereas medical image targets are difficult for naïve searchers to detect, our database contains thousands of interior and exterior scenes that vary in difficulty, but are nevertheless searchable by novices. In this way, the stimuli will be useful for studying visual search as it typically occurs in expert domains: Ill-specified search for anomalies in noisy displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Hout
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
- National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA.
| | - Megan H Papesh
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Saleem Masadeh
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Hailey Sandin
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - Phillip Post
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jessica Madrid
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Bryan White
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - Julian Welsh
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Dre Goode
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Rebecca Skulsky
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Mariana Cazares Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001 / MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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