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Pagani E, Ropke CD, Soares CM, Perez SAC, Benevides PJC, Barbosa BS, Carvalho ACB, Behrens MD. Technology Readiness Level Roadmap for Developing Innovative Herbal Medicinal Products. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:703. [PMID: 38931370 PMCID: PMC11206302 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast global botanical diversity, the pharmaceutical development of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) remains underexploited. Of over 370,000 described plant species, only a few hundred are utilized in HMPs. Most of these have originated from traditional use, and only a minority come from megadiverse countries. Exploiting the pharmacological synergies of the hundreds of compounds found in poorly studied plant species may unlock new therapeutic possibilities, enhance megadiverse countries' scientific and socio-economic development, and help conserve biodiversity. However, extensive constraints in the development process of HMPs pose significant barriers to transforming this unsatisfactory socio-economic landscape. This paper proposes a roadmap to overcome these challenges, based on the technology readiness levels (TRLs) introduced by NASA to assess the maturity of technologies. It aims to assist research entities, manufacturers, and funding agencies from megadiverse countries in the discovery, development, and global market authorization of innovative HMPs that comply with regulatory standards from ANVISA, EMA, and FDA, as well as WHO and ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pagani
- Medical Department, Azidus Brasil, Valinhos 13271-130, SP, Brazil
- Centroflora Group, Innovation Department, Campinas 06460-040, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Mota Soares
- Project Management Office, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aurora Chavez Perez
- Project Management Office, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cecilia Bezerra Carvalho
- GMESP, Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), Brasília 71205-050, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Natural Products Department, Vice Direction of Education, Research and Innovation, Institute of Drug Technology Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
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Li W, Yang J, Zhao F, Xie X, Pan J, Qu H. Application of the Analytical Procedure Lifecycle Concept to a Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Total Dammarane-Type Saponins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:947. [PMID: 37513859 PMCID: PMC10383815 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dammarane-type saponins (DTSs) exist in various medicinal plants, which are a class of active ingredients with effects on improving myocardial ischemia and immunomodulation. In this study, a quantitative 1H NMR method of total DTSs in herbal medicines was developed based on the analytical procedure lifecycle. In the first stage (analytical procedure design), the Ishikawa diagram and failure mode effects and criticality analysis were used to conduct risk identification and risk ranking. Plackett-Burman design and central composite design were used to screen and optimize critical analytical procedure parameter. Then, the method operable design region was obtained through modeling. In the second stage (analytical procedure performance qualification), the performance of methodological indexes was investigated based on analytical quality by design. As examples of continued procedure performance verification, the method was successfully applied to determine the total DTSs in herbal pharmaceutical preparations and botanical extracts. As a general analytical method to quantify total DTSs in medicinal plants or pharmaceutical preparations, the developed method provides a new quality control strategy for various products containing dammarane-type saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Xie
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianyang Pan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) approach for comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds from Citrus peel wastes by UPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04588-9. [PMID: 36853412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in ingredients from natural sources has expanded the need for quality assessments of plant extracts. Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) has been increasingly applied in regulated environments such as pharmaceutical industries and, more recently, for the bioactive compounds found in botanical materials. This work aimed to obtain qualitative (overall resolution and maximum peak capacity) and quantitative performances for target analytes using AQbD principles. The analytical target profile was elaborated; critical method parameters (independent variables) that affect the critical method attributes (dependent variables) were selected from a risk assessment for a reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection (RPLC-DAD) method. YMC-Triart C18 (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.9 μm) and a gradient elution using 0.2% acetic acid and methanol:acetonitrile 1:3 (v/v) were chosen as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively. The optimal and robust conditions (temperature at 33.3 °C, flow rate of 0.68 mL.min-1, and a gradient slope of 4.18%.min-1) were established by the method operable design region (MODR). The validation was performed by accuracy profiles using 90% expectation tolerance intervals for the selected compounds found in Citrus spp. using C. japonica as blank matrix. The lower limits of quantification for hesperidin, bergapten, herniarin, and citropten were 5.32, 0.40, 0.49, and 0.52 mg.L-1, respectively (acceptance limit was set at ± 20%). Nobiletin did not show an adequate quantitative performance.
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Park G, Kim MK, Go SH, Choi M, Jang YP. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Approach to the Development of Analytical Procedures for Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2960. [PMID: 36365413 PMCID: PMC9653622 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific regulatory systems with suitable analytical methods for monitoring quality, safety, and efficacy are essential in medicinal plant drug discovery. There have been only few attempts to adopt the analytical quality by design (AQbD) strategy in medicinal plants analysis over the last few years. AQbD is a holistic method and development approach that understands analytical procedure, from risk assessment to lifecycle management. The enhanced AQbD approach reduces the time and effort necessary to develop reliable analytical methods, leads to flexible change control through the method operable design region (MODR), and lowers the out-of-specification (OOS) results. However, it is difficult to follow all the AQbD workflow steps in the field of medicinal plants analysis, such as defining the analytical target profiles (ATPs), identifying critical analytical procedure parameters (CAPPs), among others, because the complexity of chemical and biological properties in medicinal plants acts as a barrier. In this review, various applications of AQbD to medicinal plant analytical procedures are discussed. Unlike the analysis of a single compound, medicinal plant analysis is characterized by analyzing multiple components contained in biological materials, so it will be summarized by focusing on the following points: Analytical methods showing correlations within analysis parameters for the specific medicinal plant analysis, plant raw material diversity, one or more analysis targets defined for multiple phytochemicals, key analysis attributes, and analysis control strategies. In addition, the opportunities available through the use of design-based quality management techniques and the challenges that coexist are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Go
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Minsik Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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An Application of Quality by Design and Analytical Greenness Assessment Approach for the Development of Erlotinib Stability Indicating Method. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim MK, Park G, Ji Y, Lee YG, Choi M, Go SH, Son M, Jang YP. Design of Experiments-Based Optimization of Flavonoids Extraction from Daphne genkwa Flower Buds and Flavonoids Contents at Different Blooming Stages. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070925. [PMID: 35406905 PMCID: PMC9002897 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The flower buds of Daphne genkwa have been reported as a potent resource associated with anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, as well as immunoregulation. This paper aimed to establish an optimal extraction method for flavonoids, as active phytochemicals, and to conduct a comparative analysis by profiling the different blooming stages. Optimized shaking extraction conditions from the design of experiments (DoE), such as minutely mixture design, 23 full factorial design, and polynomial regression analysis, involved an agitation speed of 150 rpm and temperature of 65 °C for 12 h in 56% (v/v) acetone solvent. After, a comparative analysis was performed on three blooming stages, juvenile bud, mature purple bud, and complete flowering, by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS). Most flavonoids increased during bud growth and then decreased when the bud opened for blooming. In particular, apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, genkwanin 5-O-primeveroside, and genkwanin strikingly showcased this pattern. Furthermore, the raw spectrometric dataset was subjected to orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to find significant differences in the flavonoids from the juvenile bud, mature purple bud, and complete flowering. In conclusion, the present study facilitates an understanding of flavonoid change at different blooming stages and provides a momentous reference in the research of D. genkwa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yura Ji
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yun-Gyo Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (M.C.); (S.-H.G.)
| | - Minsik Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (M.C.); (S.-H.G.)
| | - Seung-Hyeon Go
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (M.C.); (S.-H.G.)
| | - Miwon Son
- Central Research Center, Mtherapharma Co., Seoul 07793, Korea;
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (M.C.); (S.-H.G.)
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9421
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