Life-course pathways from childhood socioeconomic status to type 2 diabetes in mid-late Chinese adulthood

The mediating effect of self-efficacy on family functioning and psychological resilience in prostate cancer patients

Aims

Prostate cancer patients face impaired body image and psychological distress during the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, which leads to changes in mood, cognition and behavior. Psychological resilience has been shown to buffer shocks and stresses from the disease. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between family functioning and psychological resilience in prostate cancer patients and the mediating role of self-efficacy between family functioning and psychological resilience to provide a relevant theoretical basis for improving patients' psychological status by providing relevant theoretical basis.

Method

Using a cross-sectional design, participants were 215 patients with prostate cancer admitted to and treated in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu province, China. Questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolution Index (APGAR), and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES). Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational analyses and the bootstrap mediation test was used to test the effect relationship between the variables.

Results

Family functioning, self-efficacy and psychological resilience were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.526, P < 0.01; r = 0.378, P < 0.01; r = 0.358, P < 0.01). The mediating effect of psychological resilience between family functioning and psychological resilience was significant, accounting for 42.56%.

Conclusion

Family function and self-efficacy have been shown to increase the level of psychological resilience in prostate cancer patients. Attention should be paid to the mental health problems of prostate cancer patients, early screening and intervention, and the use of patients' family resources to improve their confidence in recovering from the disease, thus increasing their psychological resilience and improving their mental health.

The pathways from disadvantaged socioeconomic status in childhood to edentulism in mid-to-late adulthood over the life-course

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect pathways from childhood socioeconomic status (SES) to the prevalence of edentulism in mid-to-late age Chinese individuals using structural equation modeling (SEM).

METHODS

This study analyzed data from 17,032 mid- to-late age Chinese individuals in the 2014 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood SES was determined based on the parents' education and occupation, financial situation of the family, primary residence, food availability, and medical convenience. Adulthood SES was established according to educational achievements of the individuals. Edentulism is defined as the loss of all natural teeth. SEM was used to examine the statistical significance of the association between childhood SES and edentulism, mediated by childhood health, adulthood SES, and adult health.

RESULTS

Childhood SES had significant indirect (β = -0.026, p < 0.01), and total (β = -0.040, p < 0.01) effects on edentulism. It was determined that 65% of the total effect of childhood SES on edentulism was indirect, and mainly mediated by adult SES. Also, the goodness-of-fit indices of the best-fitting model were acceptable.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that childhood health, adult health and adult SES are mediators that explain the relationship between childhood SES and edentulism. The global attention to alleviate the inequality in edentulism should focus on exploring recommendations and intervention strategies from childhood to adulthood, by considering adult SES, childhood and adult health.

Childhood socioeconomic status and adulthood dietary diversity among Indonesian adults

Food insecurity problems still exist among people in low-to-middle income countries. The long-term disadvantages of socioeconomic status may contribute to chronic food insecurity. However, whether childhood socioeconomic status factors are related to food insecurity in adulthood remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the association between childhood socioeconomic status factors and one of the proxies for adulthood food security, dietary diversity. This study used the 2014 RAND Indonesia Family Life Survey dataset with 22,559 adult participants as study samples. The childhood socioeconomic status factors consisted of 16 questions about the participants’ conditions when they were 12 years old. Adult dietary diversity was assessed using the United Nations World Food Programme’s food consumption score. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between variables. This study found that the number of owned books (β coef.: 3.713–7.846, p < 0.001), the use of safe drinking-water sources (β coef.: 0.707–5.447, p < 0.001–0.009) and standard toilets (β coef.: 1.263–4.955, p < 0.001–0.002), parents with the habit of alcohol consumption (β coef.: 2.983, p = 0.044) or the combination with smoking habits (β coef.: 1.878, p < 0.001), self-employed with the permanent worker (β coef.: 2.904, p = 0.001), still married biological parents (β coef.: 1.379, p < 0.001), the number of rooms (β coef.: 0.968, p < 0.001), people (β coef.: 0.231, p < 0.001), and younger siblings (β coef.: 0.209–0.368, p < 0.001–0.039) in the same house were positively and significantly associated with the outcome variable. Furthermore, in the order of childhood socioeconomic status factors, self-employment without permanent workers and casual work types (β coef.: –9.661 to –2.094, p < 0.001–0.001), houses with electricity facilities (β coef.: –4.007, p < 0.001), and parents with smoking habits (β coef.: –0.578, p = 0.006) were negatively and significantly associated with the food security proxy. In conclusion, childhood and early socioeconomic disadvantage is related to adult food security status and may lead to poor health.

The impact of family function on mental health status in patient with inflammatory bowel disease: The mediating role of self-esteem

OBJECTIVE

Family function is a protective factor for mental health status in IBD patients; however, the underlying processes are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mediating influence of self-esteem on family functioning and mental health.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 133 IBD patients who were assessed for family function (APGAR) and depression symptoms. (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms. (GAD-7) and self-esteem (RSES) via self-administered questionnaires. Mediating effects were tested using the SPSS Process program with bootstrap.

RESULTS

The total score of PHQ-9 was 7.44 ±5.54. The total score of GAD-7 was 6.15±4.78. Significant associations were identified among family function, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Results revealed a significant indirect effect, suggesting that the effects of family function on depression and anxiety symptoms were mediated by self-esteem; the indirect effects percentages were 41.63 and 29.25.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that the family function of IBD patients can predict their mental health condition. As self-esteem is a mediating element, which may have been influenced by family function, mental health status is indirectly affected. Therefore, promoting the self-esteem of IBD patients is crucial for facilitating long-term mental wellness.