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Flores del Pino L, Carrasco Apaza NM, Caro Sánchez Benites V, Téllez Monzón LA, Visitación Bustamante KK, Arana-Maestre J, Suárez Ramos D, Wetzell Canales-Springett A, Dioses Morales JJ, Jaco Rivera E, Uriarte Ortiz A, Jorge-Montalvo P, Visitación-Figueroa L. The predictive model of hydrobiological diversity in the Asana-Tumilaca basin, Peru based on water physicochemical parameters and sediment metal content. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27916. [PMID: 38524626 PMCID: PMC10958436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrobiological diversity in the basin depends on biotic and abiotic factors. A predictive model of hydrobiological diversity for periphyton and macrobenthos was developed through multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) based on the physicochemical parameters of water (PPW) and metal content in sediments (MCS) from eight monitoring stations in the Asana-Tumilaca Basin during the dry and wet seasons. The electrical conductivity presented values between 47.9 and 3617 μS/cm, showing the highest value in the Capillune River due to the influence of geothermal waters. According to Piper's diagram, the water in the basin had a composition of calcium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate-sulfate. According to the Wilcox diagram, the water was found to be between good and very good quality, except for in the Capillune River. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H') were 2.62 and 2.88 for periphyton, and 2.10 and 2.44 for macrobenthos, indicating moderate diversity; for the Pielou's evenness index (J'), they were 0.68 and 0.70 for periphyton, and 0.68 and 0.59 for macrobenthos, indicating similar equity, in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, for both indices. In the model there were three cases, where the first two cases only worked with PPW or MCS, and case 3 worked with PPW and MCS. For case 3, the predicted values for H' and J' of periphyton and macrobenthos concerning those observed presented correlation coefficients of 0.7437 and 0.6523 for periphyton and 0.9321 and 0.8570 for macrobenthos, respectively, which were better than those of cases 1 and 2. In addition, principal component analysis revealed that the As, Pb, and Zn contents in the sediments negatively influenced the diversity, uniformity, and richness of the macrobenthos. In contrast, Cu and Cr had positive impacts because of the adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisveth Flores del Pino
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy Marisol Carrasco Apaza
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor Caro Sánchez Benites
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Lena Asunción Téllez Monzón
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Kimberly Karime Visitación Bustamante
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Jerry Arana-Maestre
- Museum of Natural History, Department of Limnology, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Suárez Ramos
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Ayling Wetzell Canales-Springett
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacqueline Jannet Dioses Morales
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Alex Uriarte Ortiz
- Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA), Ministerio Del Ambiente, 15076, Lima, Peru
| | - Paola Jorge-Montalvo
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
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Zhang H, Pan S, Ma B, Huang T, Kosolapov DB, Ma M, Liu X, Liu H, Liu X. Multivariate statistical and bioinformatic analyses for the seasonal variations of actinobacterial community structures in a drinking water reservoir. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:1-17. [PMID: 37979999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacterial community is a conspicuous part of aquatic ecosystems and displays an important role in the case of biogeochemical cycle, but little is known about the seasonal variation of actinobacterial community in reservoir ecological environment. In this study, the high-throughput techniques were used to investigate the structure of the aquatic actinobacterial community and its inducing water quality parameters in different seasons. The results showed that the highest diversity and abundance of actinobacterial community occurred in winter, with Sporichthya (45.42%) being the most abundant genus and Rhodococcus sp. (29.32%) being the most abundant species. Network analysis and correlation analysis suggested that in autumn the dynamics of actinobacterial community were influenced by more factors and Nocardioides sp. SX2R5S2 was the potential keystone species which was negatively correlated with temperature (R = -0.72, P < 0.05). Changes in environmental factors could significantly affect the changes in actinobacterial community, and the dynamics of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity are potential conspicuous factors influencing seasonal actinobacterial community trends. The partial least squares path modeling further elucidated that the combined effects of DO and temperature not only in the diversity of actinobacterial community but also in other water qualities, while the physiochemical parameters (path coefficient = 1.571, P < 0.05) was strong environmental factors in natural mixture period. These results strengthen our understanding of the dynamics and structures of actinobacterial community in the drinking water reservoirs and provide scientific guidance for further water quality management and protection in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Sixuan Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dmitry B Kosolapov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW RAS), 109, Borok, Nekouz, Yaroslavl, 152742, Russia
| | - Manli Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Reid RP, Suosaari EP, Oehlert AM, Pollier CGL, Dupraz C. Microbialite Accretion and Growth: Lessons from Shark Bay and the Bahamas. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:487-511. [PMID: 38231736 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-021423-124637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbialites provide geological evidence of one of Earth's oldest ecosystems, potentially recording long-standing interactions between coevolving life and the environment. Here, we focus on microbialite accretion and growth and consider how environmental and microbial forces that characterize living ecosystems in Shark Bay and the Bahamas interact to form an initial microbialite architecture, which in turn establishes distinct evolutionary pathways. A conceptual three-dimensional model is developed for microbialite accretion that emphasizes the importance of a dynamic balance between extrinsic and intrinsic factors in determining the initial architecture. We then explore how early taphonomic and diagenetic processes modify the initial architecture, culminating in various styles of preservation in the rock record. The timing of lithification of microbial products is critical in determining growth patterns and preservation potential. Study results have shown that all microbialites are not created equal; the unique evolutionary history of an individual microbialite matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pamela Reid
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; , ,
- Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, Florida, USA;
| | - Erica P Suosaari
- Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, Florida, USA;
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Bush Heritage Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; , ,
| | - Clément G L Pollier
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; , ,
| | - Christophe Dupraz
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Cotellucci A, Otálora F, Canals À, Criado-Reyes J, Pellegrino L, Bruno M, Aquilano D, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Dela Pierre F, Pastero L. 101 contact twins in gypsum experimentally obtained from calcium carbonate enriched solutions: mineralogical implications for natural gypsum deposits. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:603-610. [PMID: 37284266 PMCID: PMC10241055 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gypsum twins are frequently observed in nature, triggered by a wide array of impurities that are present in their depositional environments and that may exert a critical role in the selection of different twin laws. Identifying the impurities able to promote the selection of specific twin laws has relevance for geological studies aimed at interpreting the gypsum depositional environments in ancient and modern deposits. Here, the effect of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) growth morphology has been investigated by performing temperature-controlled laboratory experiments with and without the addition of carbonate ions. The precipitation of twinned gypsum crystals has been achieved experimentally (101 contact twin law) by adding carbonate to the solution, and the involvement of rapidcreekite (Ca2SO4CO3·4H2O) in selecting the 101 gypsum contact twin law was supported, suggesting an epitaxial mechanism. Moreover, the occurrence of 101 gypsum contact twins in nature has been suggested by comparing the natural gypsum twin morphologies observed in evaporitic environments with those obtained in experiments. Finally, both orientations of the primary fluid inclusions (of the negative crystal shape) with respect to the twin plane and the main elongation of sub-crystals that form the twin are proposed as a fast and useful method (especially in geological samples) to distinguish between the 100 and 101 twin laws. The results of this study provide new insights into the mineralogical implications of twinned gypsum crystals and their potential as a tool to better understand natural gypsum deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cotellucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Fermín Otálora
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, Avda De las Palmeras 4, Granada, Armilla 18100, Spain
| | - Àngels Canals
- Departament de Mineralogía, Petrología i Geología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Terra, Universidad de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joaquin Criado-Reyes
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, Avda De las Palmeras 4, Granada, Armilla 18100, Spain
| | - Luca Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Dino Aquilano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel Garcia-Ruiz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, Avda De las Palmeras 4, Granada, Armilla 18100, Spain
| | - Francesco Dela Pierre
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino 10125, Italy
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Criado-Reyes J, Otálora F, Canals À, Verdugo-Escamilla C, García-Ruiz JM. Mechanisms shaping the gypsum stromatolite-like structures in the Salar de Llamara (Atacama Desert, Chile). Sci Rep 2023; 13:678. [PMID: 36635429 PMCID: PMC9837060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The explanation of the origin of microbialites and specifically stromatolitic structures is a problem of high relevance for decoding past sedimentary environments and deciphering the biogenicity of the oldest plausible remnants of life. We have investigated the morphogenesis of gypsum stromatolite-like structures currently growing in shallow ponds (puquíos) in the Salar de Llamara (Atacama Desert, Northern Chile). The crystal size, aspect ratio, and orientation distributions of gypsum crystals within the structures have been quantified and show indications for episodic nucleation and competitive growth of millimetric to centimetric selenite crystals into a radial, branched, and loosely cemented aggregate. The morphogenetical process is explained by the existence of a stable vertical salinity gradient in the ponds. Due to the non-linear dependency of gypsum solubility as a function of sodium chloride concentration, the salinity gradient produces undersaturated solutions, which dissolve gypsum crystals. This dissolution happens at a certain depth, narrowing the lower part of the structures, and producing their stromatolite-like morphology. We have tested this novel mechanism experimentally, simulating the effective dissolution of gypsum crystals in stratified ponds, thus providing a purely abiotic mechanism for these stromatolite-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Criado-Reyes
- grid.466807.bLaboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, UGR-CSIC, Av. Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - Fermín Otálora
- grid.466807.bLaboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, UGR-CSIC, Av. Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - Àngels Canals
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departamento de Mineralogía, Petrología y Geología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franques s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Verdugo-Escamilla
- grid.466807.bLaboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, UGR-CSIC, Av. Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - Juan-Manuel García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, UGR-CSIC, Av. Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Oehlert AM, Suosaari EP, Kong T, Piggot AM, Maizel D, Lascu I, Demergasso C, Chong Díaz G, Reid RP. Physical, chemical, and microbial feedbacks controlling brine geochemistry and lake morphology in polyextreme salar environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155378. [PMID: 35489513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the harsh environmental conditions in the world's oldest and driest desert, some salt flat or 'salar' environments in the Atacama Desert host standing bodies of water known as saline lakes. Evaporite minerals deposited within saline lakes result from the equilibrium of environmental, sedimentological, and biogeochemical processes that occur in the salar; consequently, these minerals are sensitive records of human activities and ecological, evolutionary, and geological changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate feedbacks between physical, chemical, and microbial processes that culminate in distinct trends in brine chemistry, saline lake morphology, and associated evaporite sediments. Using samples from the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, northern Chile, an analysis of spatial gradients and vertical stratification of lake elemental chemistry and mineral saturation indices were integrated with a comprehensive analysis of lake morphology, including depth, slope gradient, substrate type, and mineralogy. Lake waters ranged from saline to hypersaline, and exhibited normal, well mixed and inverse stratification patterns, and results suggest a correlation with lake morphology in the Salar de Llamara. Saline to hypersaline lakes (>150 mS/cm) with stratified brines tended to have crystalline substrate and deep (>35 cm) and steep-sided lake morphologies, while unstratified lakes with lower electrical conductivity (<90 mS/cm and microbial substrates had gentle slopes and characteristically shallow depths (<30 cm). Differences in minor element chemistry (Mn and Sr) between saline lakes were observed on scales of meters to kilometers, and result in different accessory mineral assemblages. Quantification of the physical, chemical, and microbial feedbacks that produce the observed heterogeneity in these ecosystems provides key insight into the geochemical composition and lake morphology of saline lakes in extreme environments around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Erica P Suosaari
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Tianshu Kong
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Alan M Piggot
- Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, FL 33156, USA; AP Research Inc, Miami, FL 33157, USA
| | - Daniela Maizel
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Ioan Lascu
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Cecilia Demergasso
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Guillermo Chong Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - R Pamela Reid
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, FL 33156, USA
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Environmental and Biological Controls on Sedimentary Bottom Types in the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara, Northern Chile. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Puquios of the Salar de Llamara in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, is a system of small lakes that is characterized by evaporitic mineral deposition and that commonly hosts microbial communities. This region is known for its extreme aridity, solar irradiance, and temperature fluctuations. The Puquios are a highly diverse ecosystem with a variety of sedimentary bottom types. Our previous results identified electrical conductivity (EC) as a first-order environmental control on bottom types. In the present paper, we extend our analysis to examine the effects of additional environmental parameters on bottom types and to consider reasons for the importance of EC as a control of sedimentology. Our results identify microbially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a major player in the determination of bottom types. The relative amounts and properties of EPS are determined by EC. EPS, in turn, determines the consistency of bottom types, exchange of bottom substrate with the overlying water column, and mineral precipitation within the substrate. Low-EC ponds in the Puquios system have flocculent to semi-cohesive bottom types, with low-viscosity EPS that allows for high-exchange with the surrounding waters and mineral precipitation of granular gypsum, carbonate, and Mg–Si clay in close association with microbes. Ponds with elevated EC have bottom types that are laminated and highly cohesive with high-viscosity EPS that restricts the exchange between sediments and the surrounding waters; mineral precipitation in these high-EC ponds includes granular to laminated gypsum, carbonate and Mg–Si, which also form in close association with microbes. Bottom types in ponds with EC above the threshold for thriving benthic microbial communities have insufficient EPS accumulations to affect mineral precipitation, and the dominant mineral is gypsum (selenite). The variations in EPS production throughout the Puquios, associated with heterogeneity in environmental conditions, make the Puquios region an ideal location for understanding the controls of sedimentary bottom types in evaporative extreme environments that may be similar to those that existed on early Earth and beyond.
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Mineral Paragenesis Precipitating in Salt Flat Pools of Continental Environments Replicated in Microbial Mat Microcosms without Evaporation. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mineral precipitation can be observed in natural environments, such as lagoons, rivers, springs, and soils. The primary precipitation process has long been believed to be abiotic due to evaporation, leading to phase supersaturation. However, biotic interactions of microbial metabolism, organic compounds, and dissolved ions leading to mineral precipitation has been shown in laboratory studies using single-organism culture. The increase in pH inducing calcium carbonate precipitation due to oxygenic photosynthesis by Cyanobacteria and the release of ions due to organic matter decomposition by Firmicutes-inducing magnesium carbonate precipitation are recognized examples. As microbes do not live as pure cultures in natural environments but form complex communities, such pure culture lab studies do not reflect natural conditions. In this study, we grew natural complex microbial communities in microcosm conditions using filtered brine as water column and two types of natural gypsum substrates, and we replenished incubations to avoid evaporation. We monitored microbial communities through optical microscopy and analyzed mineral paragenesis in association with and without microbes, using different analytical techniques, such X-ray diffraction, and optical and field emission scanning electron microscopies. To detect changes throughout the experiment, small amounts of water column brine were extracted for physicochemial determinations. We were able to detect mineral paragenesis, avoiding evaporation, including major phases of chemical sedimentary rocks, such as gypsum, calcium carbonate, and some silicates in association to microbes. In addition, we evidenced that the use of natural substrates positively impacts growth of microbial communities, promoting the development of more biomass. This study can be seen as the first attempt and proof of concept of differentiating biotic and abiotic participation in evaporitic deposits, as they can form mineral paragenesis without evaporation. Future studies with microcosm experiments using microbial mats will be needed to establish mineral precipitation induced by micro-organisms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), specifically to replicate mineral paragenesis sedimented from natural brines.
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Malla MA, Dubey A, Kumar A, Yadav S. Metagenomic analysis displays the potential predictive biodegradation pathways of the persistent pesticides in agricultural soil with a long record of pesticide usage. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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