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Emeru BA, Desta HT. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Molecular Detection in Southwestern Ethiopia Chickens. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:6979448. [PMID: 39310377 PMCID: PMC11416162 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6979448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant threat to poultry worldwide, but its status in Ethiopia remains understudied. Thus, this study aimed to detect the virus and associated risk factors in South West Ethiopia. Ninety oropharyngeal swab samples were purposively collected from symptomatic chickens located in Jimma town, Seqa Chekorsa, and Tiro Afeta woredas of the Jimma zone between November 2021 and April 2022 to detect IBV virus by using RT-PCR. A side-by-side questionnaire was administered to assess risk factors. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted, and products were visualized under UV light. The overall proportion of IBV was 16.6% (15/90). No statistical association was observed between any of the animal risk factors and the detection of the virus (P=0.57, 0.586, and 1). However, the proportion of birds infected by the virus was higher in males, exotic breeds, and adults compared to females, local breeds, and young birds. Similarly, none of the management risk factors had a significantly different effect on virus detection (P=0.25, 0.09, 0.088, and 0.726). However, improper carcass disposal (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13-1.4), lack of veterinary services (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 0.8-8.3), and the presence of wild birds/rodents (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 0.88-22.3) were associated with increased IBV risk but not cleaning of feeders/drinkers (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.2-4.8). These findings underscore the need for enhanced biosecurity practices and further research to implement informed IBV control strategies in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezina Arega Emeru
- National Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterEthiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta, Ethiopia
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Penha VADS, Manica LT, Barrand ZA, Hepp CM, McGraw KJ. Correlates of Co-Infection with Coccidiosis and Avian Malaria in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:634-646. [PMID: 38741368 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens have traditionally been studied in isolation within host systems; yet in natural settings they frequently coexist. This raises questions about the dynamics of co-infections and how host life-history traits might predict co-infection versus single infection. To address these questions, we investigated the presence of two parasites, a gut parasite (Isospora coccidians) and a blood parasite (Plasmodium spp.), in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), a common passerine bird in North America. We then correlated these parasitic infections with various health and condition metrics, including hematological parameters, plasma carotenoids, lipid-soluble vitamins, blood glucose concentration, body condition, and prior disease history. Our study, based on 48 birds captured in Tempe, Arizona, US, in October 2021, revealed that co-infected birds exhibited elevated circulating lutein levels and a higher heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) compared to those solely infected with coccidia Isospora spp. This suggests that co-infected birds experience heightened stress and may use lutein to bolster immunity against both pathogens, and that there are potentially toxic effects of lutein in co-infected birds compared to those infected solely with coccidia Isospora sp. Our findings underscore the synergistic impact of coparasitism, emphasizing the need for more co-infection studies to enhance our understanding of disease dynamics in nature, as well as its implications for wildlife health and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aguiar de Souza Penha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, 100 Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, ASU Life Sciences Building E, 400 E Tyler Mal, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Biokeskus 3, PL 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lilian Tonelli Manica
- Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 100, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Zachary A Barrand
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Building 56, 1395 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3051 West Shamrell Boulevard, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA
| | - Crystal M Hepp
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Building 56, 1395 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Building 90, 1295 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - Kevin J McGraw
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, ASU Life Sciences Building E, 400 E Tyler Mal, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Tryjanowski P, Jankowiak Ł, Czechowski P, Dulisz B, Golawski A, Grzywaczewski G, Indykiewicz P, Kwieciński Z, Mitrus C, Nowakowski JJ, Polakowski M, Siekiera J, Sparks TH, Wuczyński A. Summer water sources for temperate birds: use, importance, and threats. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ł. Jankowiak
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - P. Czechowski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - B. Dulisz
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A. Golawski
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - G. Grzywaczewski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - P. Indykiewicz
- Department of Biology and Animal Environment, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Z. Kwieciński
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - C. Mitrus
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - J. J. Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M. Polakowski
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - T. H. Sparks
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Wuczyński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Strain of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from a Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus). Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0098222. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00982-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent outbreak of salmonellosis in wild birds sickened 29 individuals in 12 states, leading to 14 hospitalizations. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant strain of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium that was isolated from a bird experiencing symptoms of salmonellosis.
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