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Bielak K, Benkowska-Biernacka D, Ptak M, Stolarski J, Kalka M, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. Otolin-1, an otolith- and otoconia-related protein, controls calcium carbonate bioinspired mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130327. [PMID: 36791829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otoliths and otoconia are calcium carbonate biomineral structures that form in the inner ear of fish and humans, respectively. The formation of these structures is tightly linked to the formation of an organic matrix framework with otolin-1, a short collagen-like protein from the C1q family as one of its major constituents. METHODS In this study, we examined the activity of recombinant otolin-1 originating from Danio rerio and Homo sapiens on calcium carbonate bioinspired mineralization with slow-diffusion method and performed crystals characterization with scanning electron microscopy, two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS We show that both proteins are embedded in the core of CaCO3 crystals that form through the slow-diffusion mineralization method. Both of them influence the morphology but do not change the polymorphic mineral phase. D.rerio otolin-1 also closely adheres to the crystal surface. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest, that otolin-1 is not a passive scaffold, but is directly involved in regulating the morphology of the resulting calcium carbonate biocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bielak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Benkowska-Biernacka
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Division of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Stolarski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Bielak K, Hołubowicz R, Zoglowek A, Żak A, Kędzierski P, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. N'-terminal- and Ca 2+-induced stabilization of high-order oligomers of full-length Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1032-1047. [PMID: 35447266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Otolin-1 is a C1q family member and a major component of the organic matrix of fish otoliths and human otoconia. To date, the protein molecular properties have not been characterized. In this work, we describe biochemical characterization and comparative studies on saccular-specific otolin-1 derived from Danio rerio and Homo sapiens. Due to the low abundance of proteins in the otoconial matrix, we developed a production and purification method for both recombinant homologues of otolin-1. Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 forms higher-order oligomers that can be partially disrupted under reducing conditions. The presence of Ca2+ stabilizes the oligomers and significantly increases the thermal stability of the proteins. Despite the high sequence coverage, the oligomerization of Danio rerio otolin-1 is more affected by the reducing conditions and presence of Ca2+ than the human homologue. The results show differences in molecular behaviour, which may be reflected in Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 role in otolith and otoconia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bielak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zoglowek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Fan Z, Hu Z, Han W, Lu X, Liu X, Zhou M, Yan W, Wu Y. High Serum Levels of Otolin-1 in Patients With Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Predict Recurrence. Front Neurol 2022; 13:841677. [PMID: 35359660 PMCID: PMC8963966 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.841677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Otolin-1 is an inner ear-specific protein that is exclusively expressed in otoconia and vestibule and cochlea cells. Recent investigations reported that otolin-1 can cross the blood-labyrinthine barrier and that the levels in serum well-reflected otolith status. Serum otolin-1 levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) are significantly elevated compared with healthy controls. We aimed to explore whether otolin-1 can also serve as a biomarker for predicting BPPV recurrence. Method Patients at our institution with new-onset of idiopathic BPPV between May, 2017 and May, 2018 were recruited and followed up for 2 years. All demographic data of the patients were collected, and serum levels of otolin-1 and other laboratory indicators were measured and compared according to the recurrence status. Results A total of 74 patients, who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, of which 27 (36.5%) patients had suffered one or more episodes of recurrence after undergoing canal repositioning treatments during the study. The serum levels of otolin-1 in patients with recurrent BPPV were significantly higher than those in patients without recurrent BPPV (363.9 vs. 309.8 pg/ml, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis comparing the second to fourth quartiles (Q2–Q4) against the first quartile (Q1) of otolin-1, the level of otolin-1 in Q4 could significantly predict BPPV recurrence, and the odds ratio (OR) was elevated by approximately 812% (OR = 9.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–57.9; p = 0.019). Conclusion High serum levels of otolin-1 were associated with an increased risk of BPPV recurrence, and further investigation is required to confirm this association and clarify the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhizhou Hu
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Wang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
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Hołubowicz R, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. Natural Mutations Affect Structure and Function of gC1q Domain of Otolin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169085. [PMID: 34445792 PMCID: PMC8396674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Otolin-1 is a scaffold protein of otoliths and otoconia, calcium carbonate biominerals from the inner ear. It contains a gC1q domain responsible for trimerization and binding of Ca2+. Knowledge of a structure-function relationship of gC1q domain of otolin-1 is crucial for understanding the biology of balance sensing. Here, we show how natural variants alter the structure of gC1q otolin-1 and how Ca2+ are able to revert some effects of the mutations. We discovered that natural substitutions: R339S, R342W and R402P negatively affect the stability of apo-gC1q otolin-1, and that Q426R has a stabilizing effect. In the presence of Ca2+, R342W and Q426R were stabilized at higher Ca2+ concentrations than the wild-type form, and R402P was completely insensitive to Ca2+. The mutations affected the self-association of gC1q otolin-1 by inducing detrimental aggregation (R342W) or disabling the trimerization (R402P) of the protein. Our results indicate that the natural variants of gC1q otolin-1 may have a potential to cause pathological changes in otoconia and otoconial membrane, which could affect sensing of balance and increase the probability of occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Hołubowicz
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.D.); Tel.: +48-71-320-63-34 (R.H.); +48-71-320-63-32 (P.D.)
| | | | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.D.); Tel.: +48-71-320-63-34 (R.H.); +48-71-320-63-32 (P.D.)
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