1
|
Guo SE, Ratner PA, Tseng SC, Lin CM, Chi MC, Lee CW, Yu YC. Exposure to incense burning, biomarkers, and the physical health of temple workers in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101804-101816. [PMID: 37659022 PMCID: PMC10542283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Incense burning releases heavy particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), known to have adverse effects on human health. Long-term exposure to PM and NO2 increases inflammatory cytokine levels and can induce respiratory diseases. This study examined the association between incense burning exposure and the health status, especially inflammatory biomarkers, of temple workers and volunteers in Taiwan. The longitudinal observational study compared adult temple workers and volunteers, with long-term incense burning exposure, to residents from outpatient clinics in the Chiayi area. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokines were assessed. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare cytokine levels of the exposure and control groups during the cold and hot weather seasons. FEV1 was significantly more diminished in the exposed group than in the control group during the cold season. Exposure status was associated with greater hot-cold seasonal differences in serum interleukins (IL)-1β (regression coefficient (B) = 6.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.0 to 8.3, p < .001), IL17-A (B = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.3 to 4.5, p = .03), and plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1 (B = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 9.3, p = .009). After adjusting for confounders, the groups' serum levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, and PAI-1 significantly differed. EBC cytokines did not show significant differences. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL17-A, and PAI-1 have been associated with various autoinflammatory syndromes and diseases. Given the cultural significance of incense burning, culturally sensitive interventions, including education, policy development, and program implementation, are crucial to protect individuals' health, especially temple workers, from the adverse effects of exposure, addressing the manufacture, importation, and sale of incense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Er Guo
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Pamela A Ratner
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Sung-Chih Tseng
- Family Medicine Department, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University (CGU), Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, CGU, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berumen-Rodríguez AA, Alcántara-Quintana LE, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Zamora-Mendoza BN, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Díaz Barriga F, Flores-Ramírez R. Assessment of inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate and exposure to mixtures of organic pollutants in brick workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13270-13282. [PMID: 36129651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brick production causes a lot of pollution in the form of dust, fumes, and toxic substances. Therefore, brick workers are highly exposed to pollutants and present a high risk of developing respiratory diseases. The objective of this research was to determine the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toluene in urine and evaluate the effects on health using markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as well as the exposure to pollutants in suspended particles of the studied area. Exposure to PAHs and toluene was evaluated using hydroxylated markers (OH) of PAHs and hippuric acid in urine, respectively. Cytokines like TNF-α, INF-y, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 y GMCSF in EBC were also evaluated. PM2.5 particles were measured during an 8-h work shift. The results in brick workers presented a total OH-PAHs concentration of 97.3 µg/L and hippuric acid concentration of 0.2 g/L. The environmental concentrations of suspended particles were found within a range of 41.67-3541.6 μg/m3. The median of cytokines oscillated between 11.8 pg/mL to 1041 pg/mL. In conclusion, these results are similar to those of occupations in which there is high exposure to pollutants and populations with lung diseases. For that reason, the brick production sector requires prevention and control strategies against the pollutants emitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Abigail Berumen-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Luz Eugenia Alcántara-Quintana
- Unidad de Innovación en Diagnóstico Celular Y Molecular. Coordinación Para La Innovación Y La Aplicación de La Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a sección, 78120, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Blanca Nohemí Zamora-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Fernando Díaz Barriga
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Díaz de León-Martínez L, Grimaldo-Galeana JM, Alcántara-Quintana LE, Díaz-Barriga F, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Flores-Ramírez R. Evaluation of cytokines in exhaled breath condensate in an occupationally exposed population to pneumotoxic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59872-59884. [PMID: 35397024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quarrying is considered a precarious occupation with high toxicity, is an informal economic activity that employs low technology, limited protection, and poses a risk to workers and their families. In quarrying, silica dust is generated and there is also occupational exposure to significant mixtures of pneumotoxic pollutants, including mineral dust (crystalline silica, carbon or cement, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), solvents, and others, which are aggravated by the lack of use of protective equipment, causing irreversible damage to the worker's respiratory health. Thus, the objective of this work focused on the evaluation of the respiratory health of artisan stonemasons in San Luis Potosí, Mexico through the study of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) (pH, pro-inflammatory cytokines) as well as the study of the exposure to pollutants present in the work area (PAHs, toluene, and 2.5 µm particulate matter) through biomarkers of exposure (hippuric acid and hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs). The results show the presence of crystalline SiO2 in 100% of the samples analyzed; the PM2.5 concentrations were 5 to 10 times the permitted levels. Regarding exposure to PAHs, all the stonemasons presented urine concentrations of at least 5 of the OH-PAHs evaluated; 9-OH-FLU occurred at higher concentrations of 171.2 (122.7-279.4) µg L-1; hippuric acid, which was present in 100% of the workers evaluated in concentrations of 283.4 (27.72-1119) mg L-1, 100% of which were above the values established for occupational scenarios. The pH values obtained for the EBC samples were presented at an average of 7.07 (6.33-7.66). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in 86.1% of the study population. The cytokine that was found in higher concentrations was IL-2, with a mean of 178.01 pg mL-1 and 3124.01 pg mL-1 for the pH < 7 and pH > 7 groups, respectively. Some correlations between the cytokines and the exposure biomarkers were presented. Stonemasons are highly exposed to pneumotoxic pollutants and markers of inflammation at the pulmonary level; in addition, a high risk of developing silicosis. Quarrying should be addressed as a carcinogenic activity, which would imply the design of monitoring and control strategies for these pollutants that our country currently lacks, particularly in precarious occupations. It is necessary to develop strategies to protect the health of precarious workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, CP, Mexico
| | - José Moisés Grimaldo-Galeana
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, CP, Mexico
| | - Luz Eugenia Alcántara-Quintana
- Unidad de Innovación en Diagnóstico Celular Y Molecular, Coordinación Para La Innovación Y La Aplicación de La Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a Sección, 78120, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, CP, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, CP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, CP, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seifi M, Yunesian M, Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Dobaradaran S, Ziyarati MT, Nazmara S, Yekaninejad MS, Mahvi AH. Exposure to ambient air pollution and socio-economic status on intelligence quotient among schoolchildren in a developing country. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 29:2024-2034. [PMID: 34355328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests the association between ambient airborne particulate matters and children's IQ and psychological development in the early stages of life. However, data on the relationship between ambient air particulate matters and children's IQ are rare in developing countries and less privileged areas. In this study, the association between PM10 and PM2.5 and the IQ of children in different areas were investigated in terms of pollution levels. In 2019, 369 children between the ages of 6 and 8 years old were randomly selected in three regions of southern Iran after screening through a questionnaire. In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were determined using a direct reading device. IQ was surveyed according to Raymond B. Cattell scale I-A. The confounder factors including age, gender, economic conditions, maternal education, and type of delivery were adjusted. The average PM10 in areas with low, medium, and high pollution levels were measured to be 59.14±25.24 μg/m3, 89.7±37.34 μg/m3, and 121.44±43.49 μg/m3, respectively, while PM2.5 were found to be 38.97±16.87 μg/m3, 58±23.94 μg/m3, and 84.18±31.32 μg/m3, respectively. The IQ of children in the area with a high pollution was 16.628 lower than that in the area with low pollution (β= 16.628; [95% CI: 13.295 to 19.96]; P ≤ 0.0001). In addition, IQ in the area with high pollution level was found to be 7.48 lower than that in moderate pollution. ( β= 7.489; [95% CI: 4.109 to 10.870]; P ≤ 0.0001). Exposure to increased PM10 and PM2.5 is associated with decreased IQ in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Seifi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahdi Tanha Ziyarati
- Department of Environmental Protection, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ), National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Assaluyeh, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|