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Wijsman PC, Goorsenberg AWM, d'Hooghe JNS, Weersink EJM, Fenn DW, Maitland van der Zee AH, Annema JT, Brinkman P, Bonta PI. Exhaled breath analyses for bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma patients. Respir Med 2024; 225:107583. [PMID: 38447787 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a bronchoscopic treatment for severe asthma. Although multiple trials have demonstrated clinical improvement after BT, optimal patient selection remains a challenge and the mechanism of action is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether exhaled breath analysis can contribute to discriminate between BT-responders and non-responders at baseline and to explore pathophysiological insights of BT. METHODS Exhaled breath was collected from patients at baseline and six months post-BT. Patients were defined as responders or non-responders based on a half point increase in asthma quality of life questionnaire scores. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection and analyses. Analytical workflow consisted of: 1) detection of VOCs that differentiate between responders and non-responders and those that differ between baseline and six months post-BT, 2) identification of VOCs of interest and 3) explore correlations between clinical biomarkers and VOCs. RESULTS Data was available from 14 patients. Nonanal, 2-ethylhexanol and 3-thujol showed a significant difference in intensity between responders and non-responders at baseline (p = 0.04, p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). After BT, no difference was found in the compound intensity of these VOCs. A negative correlation was observed between nonanal and IgE and BALF eosinophils (r = -0.68, p < 0.01 and r = -0.61, p = 0.02 respectively) and 3-thujol with BALF neutrophils (r = -0.54, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This explorative study identified discriminative VOCs in exhaled breath between BT responders and non-responders at baseline. Additionally, correlations were found between VOC's and inflammatory BALF cells. Once validated, these findings encourage research in breath analysis as a non-invasive easy to apply technique for identifying airway inflammatory profiles and eligibility for BT or immunotherapies in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieta C Wijsman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annika W M Goorsenberg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia N S d'Hooghe
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Els J M Weersink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dominic W Fenn
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jouke T Annema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Bajo-Fernández M, Souza-Silva ÉA, Barbas C, Rey-Stolle MF, García A. GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295955. [PMID: 38298553 PMCID: PMC10828970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compounds, represents a growing area of clinical research due to its obvious advantages over other diagnostic tests. Numerous pathologies have been extensively investigated for the identification of specific biomarkers in exhalates through metabolomics. However, the transference of breath tests to clinics remains limited, mainly due to deficiency in methodological standardization. Critical steps include the selection of breath sample types, collection devices, and enrichment techniques. GC-MS is the reference analytical technique for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhalates, especially during the biomarker discovery phase in metabolomics. This review comprehensively examines and compares metabolomic studies focusing on cancer, lung diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition to delving into the experimental designs reported, it also provides a critical discussion of the methodological aspects, ranging from the experimental design and sample collection to the identification of potential pathology-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bajo-Fernández
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Érica A. Souza-Silva
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ma Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Sola-Martínez RA, Zeng J, Awchi M, Gisler A, Arnold K, Singh KD, Frey U, Díaz MC, de Diego Puente T, Sinues P. Preservation of exhaled breath samples for analysis by off-line SESI-HRMS: proof-of-concept study. J Breath Res 2023; 18:011002. [PMID: 38029449 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad10e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is an established technique in the field of breath analysis characterized by its short analysis time, as well as high levels of sensitivity and selectivity. Traditionally, SESI-HRMS has been used for real-time breath analysis, which requires subjects to be at the location of the analytical platform. Therefore, it limits the possibilities for an introduction of this methodology in day-to-day clinical practice. However, recent methodological developments have shown feasibility on the remote sampling of exhaled breath in Nalophan® bags prior to measurement using SESI-HRMS. To further explore the range of applications of this method, we conducted a proof-of-concept study to assess the impact of the storage time of exhaled breath in Nalophan® bags at different temperatures (room temperature and dry ice) on the relative intensities of the compounds. In addition, we performed a detailed study of the storage effect of 27 aldehydes related to oxidative stress. After 2 h of storage, the mean of intensity of allm/zsignals relative to the samples analyzed without prior storage remained above 80% at both room temperature and dry ice. For the 27 aldehydes, the mean relative intensity losses were lower than 20% at 24 h of storage, remaining practically stable since the first hour of storage following sample collection. Furthermore, the mean relative intensity of most aldehydes in samples stored at room temperature was higher than those stored in dry ice, which could be related to water vapor condensation issues. These findings indicate that the exhaled breath samples could be preserved for hours with a low percentage of mean relative intensity loss, thereby allowing more flexibility in the logistics of off-line SESI-HRMS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Sola-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jiafa Zeng
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mo Awchi
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Gisler
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Arnold
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Kapil Dev Singh
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cánovas Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa de Diego Puente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Fujii T, Matsuura N, Morita Y, Morimoto K. Volatile organic compounds from human skin as biomarkers of menstruation phase and severity of premenstrual syndrome: An exploratory pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19627. [PMID: 37810044 PMCID: PMC10558888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Numerous women of reproductive age experience physical or mental discomfort during their natural menstrual cycle due to paramenstrual symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). To date, there is no established biomarker for the diagnosis of PMS. This study investigated the relationship between skin gas composition and menstruation cycles, and evaluated the possibility of skin gas composition as a biomarker of paramenstrual symptoms. Methods We conducted an exploratory pilot study. Healthy Japanese women (aged 20-29 years) underwent blood and skin gas analyses on 1 day corresponding to menstruation, preovulatory, middle luteal, and late luteal phases. Skin gas was collected from the cubital fossa and armpit using a Passive Flux Sampler; samples were analyzed for 65 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to identify VOCs related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS. Results Fourteen women participated; of those, 12 completed the study. Regarding the relationship with the menstrual cycles, seven and four VOCs were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, at the cubital fossa during menstruation. Of those 11 compounds, 10 were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. At the armpit, five and three compounds were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, during menstruation. Of those eight compounds, five were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. In the study of PMS severity, analysis of the changes in VOCs suggested that ketones and fatty acids are increased during menstruation in the severe PMS group versus the mild PMS group. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that certain VOCs emitted in skin gas related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS. These findings may advance the metabolic understanding and development of diagnostic biomarkers for menstruation-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujii
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nozomi Matsuura
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, 38 Kadono-cho, Nishikyogoku, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, 615- 0882, Japan
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Tian B, Liu W, Mo H, Li W, Wang Y, Adhikari BR. Detecting the Unseen: Understanding the Mechanisms and Working Principles of Earthquake Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115335. [PMID: 37300062 DOI: 10.3390/s23115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of movement-detection sensors is crucial for understanding surface movement and tectonic activities. The development of modern sensors has been instrumental in earthquake monitoring, prediction, early warning, emergency commanding and communication, search and rescue, and life detection. There are numerous sensors currently being utilized in earthquake engineering and science. It is essential to review their mechanisms and working principles thoroughly. Hence, we have attempted to review the development and application of these sensors by classifying them based on the timeline of earthquakes, the physical or chemical mechanisms of sensors, and the location of sensor platforms. In this study, we analyzed available sensor platforms that have been widely used in recent years, with satellites and UAVs being among the most used. The findings of our study will be useful for future earthquake response and relief efforts, as well as research aimed at reducing earthquake disaster risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Tian
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haozhou Mo
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wang Li
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Basanta Raj Adhikari
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu 610207, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribuvan University, Lalitpur 44600, Nepal
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Dasgupta S, Ghosh N, Bhattacharyya P, Roy Chowdhury S, Chaudhury K. Metabolomics of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap: an overview. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:153-170. [PMID: 36420874 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The two common progressive lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Asthma-COPD overlap, referred to as ACO, is another complex pulmonary disease that manifests itself with features of both asthma and COPD. The disease has no clear diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines, thereby making both diagnosis and treatment challenging. Though a number of studies on ACO have been documented, gaps in knowledge regarding the pathophysiologic mechanism of this disorder exist. Addressing this issue is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic management of the disease. Metabolomics, an increasingly popular technique, reveals the pathogenesis of complex diseases and holds promise in biomarker discovery. This comprehensive narrative review, comprising 99 original research articles in the last five years (2017-2022), summarizes the scientific advances in terms of metabolic alterations in patients with asthma, COPD, and ACO. The analytical tools, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), commonly used to study the expression of the metabolome, are discussed. Challenges frequently encountered during metabolite identification and quality assessment are highlighted. Bridging the gap between phenotype and metabotype is envisioned in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | | | | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Influence of Home Indoor Dampness Exposure on Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath of Mothers and Their Infants: The NELA Birth Cohort. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the effect of exposure to indoor air contaminants and the presence of dampness at home on respiratory/atopic health is of particular concern to physicians. The measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is a useful approach for monitoring environmental exposures. A great advantage of this strategy is that it allows the study of the impact of pollutants on the metabolism through a non-invasive method. In this paper, the levels of nine VOCs (acetone, isoprene, toluene, p/m-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, benzaldehyde, naphthalene, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) in the exhaled breath of subjects exposed and not exposed to home dampness were assessed. Exhaled breath samples were collected from 337 mother–child pairs of a birth cohort and analysed by gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry. It was observed that the levels of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the exhaled breath of the mothers were significantly influenced by exposure to household humidity. In the case of the infants, differences in some of the VOC levels related to home dampness exposure; however, they did not reach statistical significance. In addition, it was also found that the eosinophil counts of the mothers exposed to home dampness were significantly elevated compared to those of the non-exposed mothers. To our knowledge, these findings show, for the first time, that exposure to home dampness may influence VOC patterns in exhaled breath.
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Sola-Martínez RA, Sanchez-Solis M, Lozano-Terol G, Gallego-Jara J, García-Marcos L, Cánovas Díaz M, de Diego Puente T. Relationship between lung function and exhaled volatile organic compounds in healthy infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1282-1292. [PMID: 35092361 PMCID: PMC9304127 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess, for the first time, the relationship between the volatilome and lung function in healthy infants, which may be of help for the early detection of certain respiratory diseases. Lung function tests are crucial in chronic respiratory diseases diagnosis. Moreover, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis in exhaled breath is a noninvasive technique that enables the monitorization of oxidative stress, typical of some forms of airway inflammation. METHODS Lung function was studied in 50 healthy infants of 3-8 months of age and the following parameters were obtained: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 0.5 s (FEV0.5 ), forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75 ), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC (FEF25-75 ), and FEV0.5 /FVC. Lung function was measured according to the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique. In addition, a targeted analysis of six endogenous VOCs (acetone, isoprene, decane, undecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane) in the exhaled breath of the children was carried out by means of thermal desorption coupled gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry system. RESULTS A negatively significant relationship has been observed between levels of acetone, tetradecane, and pentadecane in exhaled breath and several of the lung function parameters. Levels of acetone (feature m/z = 58) were significantly negatively associated with FVC and FVE0.5 , levels of tetradecane (feature m/z = 71) with FEV0.5, and levels of pentadecane (feature m/z = 71) with FEV0.5 and FEF25-75 . CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight a significant association between VOCs related to oxidative stress and lung function in healthy infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Sola-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Group of Molecular Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Solis
- Group of Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergy Reactions (ARADyAL), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Lozano-Terol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Group of Molecular Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Gallego-Jara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Group of Molecular Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Group of Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergy Reactions (ARADyAL), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cánovas Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Group of Molecular Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa de Diego Puente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Group of Molecular Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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