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He L, Zhang W, Liu J, Pan Y, Li S, Xie Y. Applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics: a comprehensive review of tooth movement, antibacterial properties, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:72. [PMID: 39054528 PMCID: PMC11270802 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has contributed important innovations to medicine and dentistry, and has also offered various applications to the field of orthodontics. Intraoral appliances must function in a complex environment that includes digestive enzymes, a diverse microbiome, mechanical stress, and fluctuations of pH and temperature. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of orthodontic brackets and archwires by reducing friction, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, optimizing tooth remineralization, improving corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metal substrates, and accelerating or decelerating orthodontic tooth movement through the application of novel nanocoatings, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanorobots. This comprehensive review systematically explores the orthodontic applications of nanotechnology, particularly its impacts on tooth movement, antibacterial activity, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. A search across PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar yielded 261 papers, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. These selected studies highlight the significant benefits of nanotechnology in orthodontic devices. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that advancements brought by nanotechnology may facilitate the future delivery of more effective and comfortable orthodontic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yueqiang Xie
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Verdecchia A, Suárez-Fernández C, Miquel A, Bardini G, Spinas E. Biological Effects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement on the Periodontium in Regenerated Bone Defects: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38534275 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review is to analyse the biological effects of the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in areas with bone defects that are undergoing regeneration using different types of regenerative materials and techniques. The electronic research was performed on four databases as follows: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data were extracted according to publication information, study design, sample characteristics, parameters of OTM, biological repercussions on the periodontium complex, methods of analysis, and conclusions. A total of thirty studies were included in the final review. In twenty-two studies, the most widely adopted grafting materials were alloplastics. In most studies, the orthodontic force used was 10 or 100 g, and the timing of application ranged from immediate to 6 months after grafting surgery. Twenty-four studies showed an increase in osteogenesis; in five studies, the clinical attachment level (CAL) increased; in five others, the probing pocket depth (PPD) decreased; in sixteen studies, there was root resorption of a different magnitude. Though the effects of OTM on the periodontium in the grafted areas were positive, the outcomes should be interpreted with caution as future preclinical and clinical studies are needed to extrapolate more valid conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Verdecchia
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Miquel
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Periodontology and Implantology, Mississippi Institution, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Bardini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Spinas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Postgraduate School in Orthodontics, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Martin C, Sanz M. Orthodontic tooth movement after periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. Korean J Orthod 2024; 54:3-15. [PMID: 38268459 PMCID: PMC10811355 DOI: 10.4041/kjod24.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of intrabony defects in patients with advanced periodontitis stages III and IV is high. These patients usually need both periodontal treatment and orthodontic therapy, including tooth movement through bone defects, to improve masticatory function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodontal regenerative surgical interventions to resolve these defects and propose initiating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) once periodontal therapy goals have been met. Surgical interventions using various regenerative technologies like barrier membranes and enamel matrix proteins, combined or not with bone replacement grafts, have proven effective in regenerating lost periodontal tissues. However, the combination of periodontal and orthodontic treatments requires consideration of how periodontal regenerative therapies influence OTM. Studies suggest that regenerated bone may differ in density, composition, vascularity, and cellular activity, potentially affecting the speed and efficiency of OTM, and potential root resorption of moved teeth. Understanding the sequence and timing of implementing OTM after regenerative periodontal interventions is crucial due to their interlinked processes of bone resorption and formation. This narrative review aims to uncover scientific evidence regarding these combined treatments, examining the impacts of different regenerative technologies on OTM and delineating their advantages, limitations, and best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Martin
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Nugraha AP, Yang H, Chen J, Yang K, Kraisintu P, Zaww K, Ma A, Wang R, Alhadi NEAM, Vanegas Sáenz JR, Hong G. β-Tricalcium Phosphate as Alveolar Bone Grafting in Cleft Lip/Palate: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:234. [PMID: 37886919 PMCID: PMC10606107 DOI: 10.3390/dj11100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to describe and identify the prospects of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) as an alveolar bone grafting (ABG) material in cleft lip/palate (CL/P) or alveolar bone cleft defects. A systematic review protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) was drafted. The literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science/ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, with English as the inclusion criterion and no publication year limits. The keywords yielded a total of 5824 publications. After removing duplicates and non-English articles, there were 3196 suitable articles available for evaluation. Subsequently, 1315 studies remained after reviewing titles and abstracts. Furthermore, 85 full articles were assessed for eligibility. After reading the complete texts of those papers, 20 were eventually selected that matched the inclusion requirements. Thirteen out of the twenty studies included in this systematic review were deemed to have a low risk of bias; one had a high risk of bias; and six had a moderate risk of bias due to not reporting randomization. β-TCP, when used as an ABG material, is biocompatible, visible, practical, offers a less invasive procedure, and does not interfere with orthodontic treatment. Synthetic β-TCP for ABG can be an alternative to autologous bone grafts under certain terms and conditions. The efficacy of β-TCP for ABG in CL/P or alveolar bone cleft defects can be enhanced through a tissue engineering approach that combines β-TCP with growth factors, mesenchymal stem cells, or other graft materials, along with modifications to β-TCP's physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Hui Yang
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Junduo Chen
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Kunhua Yang
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Ploypim Kraisintu
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Kyaw Zaww
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Aobo Ma
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Ruixian Wang
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Nada Emad Alshafei Mohamed Alhadi
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Juan Ramón Vanegas Sáenz
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
| | - Guang Hong
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan (G.H.)
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Lin Y, Fu ML, Harb I, Ma LX, Tran SD. Functional Biomaterials for Local Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:294. [PMID: 37367258 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs with the application of a controlled mechanical force and results in coordinated tissue resorption and formation in the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament. The turnover processes of the periodontal and bone tissue are associated with specific signaling factors, such as Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-β Ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), etc., which can be regulated by different biomaterials, promoting or inhibiting bone remodeling during OTM. Different bone substitutes or bone regeneration materials have also been applied to repair alveolar bone defects followed by orthodontic treatment. Those bioengineered bone graft materials also change the local environment that may or may not affect OTM. This article aims to review functional biomaterials that were applied locally to accelerate OTM for a shorter duration of orthodontic treatment or impede OTM for retention purposes, as well as various alveolar bone graft materials which may affect OTM. This review article summarizes various types of biomaterials that can be locally applied to affect the process of OTM, along with their potential mechanisms of action and side effects. The functionalization of biomaterials can improve the solubility or intake of biomolecules, leading to better outcomes in terms of increasing or decreasing the speed of OTM. The ideal timing for initiating OTM is generally considered to be 8 weeks post-grafting. However, more evidence is needed from human studies to fully understand the effects of these biomaterials, including any potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Moyu Lara Fu
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ingrid Harb
- Division of Dentistry, Montreal Children's Hospital and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Lisa Xiaolu Ma
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Heitzer M, Magnuska Z, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Gremse F, Chhatwani S, Hölzle F, Modabber A, Danesh G. Correlations between radiological and histological findings of bone remodelling and root resorption in a rodent cleft model. Head Face Med 2022; 18:33. [DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The evaluation of bone remodelling and dental root resorption can be performed by histological techniques or micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these two procedures in the context of cleft repair in a rat model.
Methods
The reconstructed maxillae and the orthodontically-moved first molar of 12 rats were analysed for correlations between the histological and radiological findings retrospectively. The alveolar cleft repairs were performed using bone autografts or (human) xenografts. Four weeks after the operation, the intervention of the first molar protraction was initiated and lasted for eight weeks. The newly formed bone and the root resorption lacunae were determined via histology. In the micro-CT analysis, the average change of bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness and trabecular separation of the jaw, as well as the volume of the root resorptions were determined. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to study the associations between groups.
Results
Positive correlations were found only between the newly formed bone (histology) and BMD changes (micro-CT) in the autograft group (r = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.979, p = 0.05). The relationship of newly formed bone and BV/TV was similar but not statistically significant (r = 0.691, 95% CI: −0.274 to 0.963, p = 0.013). Regarding root resorption, no significant correlations were found.
Conclusions
Due to the lack of correlation between histological and radiological findings of bone remodelling and the development of root resorptions, both methods should be combined in this cleft model in rats for a comprehensive analysis.
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Magnuska Z, Chhatwani S, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Gremse F, Hölzle F, Danesh G, Modabber A. Development of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement after cleft repair using different grafting materials in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5809-5821. [PMID: 35567639 PMCID: PMC9474460 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of three grafting materials for cleft repair on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Artificial alveolar clefts were created in 21 Wistar rats and were repaired 4 weeks later using autografts, human xenografts and synthetic bone substitute (beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite [β-TCP/HA]). A further 4 weeks later, the first molar was moved into the reconstructed maxilla. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) was performed six times (T0-T5) to assess the tooth movement and root resorption. After 8 weeks, the affected reconstructed jaw was resected for histopathological investigation. RESULTS Total distances reached ranged from 0.82 ± 0.72 mm (β-TCP/HA) to 0.67 ± 0.27 mm (autograft). The resorption was particularly determined at the mesiobuccal root. Descriptive tooth movement slowed and root resorption increased slightly. However, neither the radiological changes during tooth movement (µCT T1 vs. µCT T5: autograft 1.85 ± 0.39 mm3 vs. 2.38 ± 0.35 mm3, p = 0.30; human xenograft 1.75 ± 0.45 mm3 vs. 2.17 ± 0.26 mm3, p = 0.54; β-TCP/HA: 1.52 ± 0.42 mm3 vs. 1.88 ± 0.41 mm3, p = 0.60) nor the histological differences after tooth movement (human xenograft: 0.078 ± 0.05 mm2; β-TCP/HA: 0.067 ± 0.049 mm2; autograft: 0.048 ± 0.015 mm2) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The autografts, human xenografts or synthetic bone substitute used for cleft repair seem to have a similar effect on the subsequent orthodontic tooth movement and the associated root resorptions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Development of root resorptions seems to have a secondary role in choosing a suitable grafting material for cleft repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Magnuska
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sachin Chhatwani
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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