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Xiao H, Sylla K, Gong X, Wilkowski B, Rossello-Martinez A, Jordan SN, Mintah EY, Zheng A, Sun H, Herzog EL, Mak M. Proteolysis and Contractility Regulate Tissue Opening and Wound Healing by Lung Fibroblasts in 3D Microenvironments. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400941. [PMID: 38967294 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Damage and repair are recurring processes in tissues, with fibroblasts playing key roles by remodeling extracellular matrices (ECM) through protein synthesis, proteolysis, and cell contractility. Dysregulation of fibroblasts can lead to fibrosis and tissue damage, as seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In advanced IPF, tissue damage manifests as honeycombing, or voids in the lungs. This study explores how transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a crucial factor in IPF, induces lung fibroblast spheroids to create voids in reconstituted collagen through proteolysis and cell contractility, a process is termed as hole formation. These voids reduce when proteases are blocked. Spheroids mimic fibroblast foci observed in IPF. Results indicate that cell contractility mediates tissue opening by stretching fractures in the collagen meshwork. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP1 and MT1-MMP, are essential for hole formation, with invadopodia playing a significant role. Blocking MMPs reduces hole size and promotes wound healing. This study shows how TGF-β induces excessive tissue destruction and how blocking proteolysis can reverse damage, offering insights into IPF pathology and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kadidia Sylla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Brendan Wilkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Seyma Nayir Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Emmanuel Y Mintah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Allen Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Huanxing Sun
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Mak M, Tao Z. Translational medicine for acute lung injury. J Transl Med 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38183140 PMCID: PMC10768317 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex disease with numerous causes. This review begins with a discussion of disease development from direct or indirect pulmonary insults, as well as varied pathogenesis. The heterogeneous nature of ALI is then elaborated upon, including its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, potential biomarkers, and genetic contributions. Although no medication is currently approved for this devastating illness, supportive care and pharmacological intervention for ALI treatment are summarized, followed by an assessment of the pathophysiological gap between human ALI and animal models. Lastly, current research progress on advanced nanomedicines for ALI therapeutics in preclinical and clinical settings is reviewed, demonstrating new opportunities towards developing an effective treatment for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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