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Ma L, Chen H, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Chen H, Kang L. Association Study Between Polymorphic Loci in Cholesterol Metabolism Pathway and Gallstone in the Tibetan Population. Front Genet 2022; 13:902553. [PMID: 35651949 PMCID: PMC9149373 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of gallstones in the Tibetan population is increasing rapidly. Previous studies indicated that genetic variation located in the cholesterol metabolism pathway may be associated with the incidence of gallstones. Methods: By recruiting 132 Tibetan gallstone patients and 52 normal Tibetan controls, we performed next-generation sequencing for 508 genes in the cholesterol metabolism pathway. Additionally, by integrating the sequence data of 41 normal Tibetan subjects in the public database, we finally obtained 93 normal Tibetan controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) calling were performed by using the GATK pipeline. The quality control criteria for SNPs were: missing rate <0.05; minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.01; and p value >0.001 in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test. To eliminate the influence of population heterogeneity, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out by using the smartpca software. Association analyses were performed by Plink software. Multiple tests were adjusted by the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Results: A total of 2,401 SNPs were obtained by analyzing 508 genes, and 2,011 SNPs left after quality control. After adjusting the eigen vectors, we found that 10 SNPs (SNV05997, rs80145081, rs80005560, rs79074685, rs748546375, rs201880593, rs142559357, rs750769471, rs869789 and rs4072341) were significantly associated with gallstone. Subsequently, by comparing the case group with our control group and the public database control group separately, we further found that the SNP rs869789 was consistently significantly associated with gallstone (p = 9.04 × 10–3 in cases vs. our controls and 5.73 × 10–3 in cases vs. public controls, respectively). Conclusion: By systematically analyzed SNPs in the cholesterol metabolism pathway, we identified one polymorphic locus rs869789 significantly associated with the pathogenesis of gallstone in the Tibetan population. This study will provide clue for further mechanism study of gallstone in the Tibetan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yiduo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Bhattacharya R, Blankenheim Z, Scott PM, Cormier RT. CFTR and Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:868. [PMID: 35743652 PMCID: PMC9224611 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that severely affects the lungs as well as extra-pulmonary tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CFTR dysfunction resulting from either mutations or the downregulation of its expression has been shown to promote carcinogenesis. An example is the enhanced risk for several types of cancer in patients with CF, especially cancers of the GI tract. CFTR also acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse sporadic epithelial cancers in many tissues, primarily due to the silencing of CFTR expression via multiple mechanisms, but especially due to epigenetic regulation. This review provides an update on the latest research linking CFTR-deficiency to GI cancers, in both CF patients and in sporadic GI cancers, with a particular focus on cancer of the intestinal tract. It will discuss changes in the tissue landscape linked to CFTR-deficiency that may promote cancer development such as breakdowns in physical barriers, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. It will also discuss molecular pathways and mechanisms that act upstream to modulate CFTR expression, such as by epigenetic silencing, as well as molecular pathways that act downstream of CFTR-deficiency, such as the dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, it will discuss the emerging CFTR modulator drugs that have shown promising results in improving CFTR function in CF patients. The potential impact of these modulator drugs on the treatment and prevention of GI cancers can provide a new example of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia M. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
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