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Zorea A, Pellow D, Levin L, Pilosof S, Friedman J, Shamir R, Mizrahi I. Plasmids in the human gut reveal neutral dispersal and recombination that is overpowered by inflammatory diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3147. [PMID: 38605009 PMCID: PMC11009399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are pivotal in driving bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer. Here, we investigated 3467 human gut microbiome samples across continents and disease states, analyzing 11,086 plasmids. Our analyses reveal that plasmid dispersal is predominantly stochastic, indicating neutral processes as the primary driver of their wide distribution. We find that only 20-25% of plasmid DNA is being selected in various disease states, constraining its distribution across hosts. Selective pressures shape specific plasmid segments with distinct ecological functions, influenced by plasmid mobilization lifestyle, antibiotic usage, and inflammatory gut diseases. Notably, these elements are more commonly shared within groups of individuals with similar health conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), regardless of geographic location across continents. These segments contain essential genes such as iron transport mechanisms- a distinctive gut signature of IBD that impacts the severity of inflammation. Our findings shed light on mechanisms driving plasmid dispersal and selection in the human gut, highlighting their role as carriers of vital gene pools impacting bacterial hosts and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvah Zorea
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Pellow
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Levin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, llse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shai Pilosof
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Friedman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
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Ternák G, Németh M, Rozanovic M, Bogár L. Antibiotic Consumption Patterns in European Countries Might Be Associated with the Prevalence of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:870465. [PMID: 35600582 PMCID: PMC9120822 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.870465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several publications have raised the issue that the development of diabetes precedes the alteration of the microbiome (dysbiosis) and the role of environmental factors. Antibiotic use induces dysbiosis, and we wanted to estimate the associations between the consumption of antibiotics and the prevalence of diabetes (both types 1 and 2; T1D and T2D, respectively) in European countries. If such an association exists, the dominant use antibiotic classes might be reflected in the prevalence rates of T1D and T2D in different countries. Comparisons were performed between the prevalence of diabetes estimated for 2019 and featured in the Diabetes Atlas and the average yearly consumption of antibiotic classes between 2010 and 2109, calculated from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) yearly reports on antibiotic consumption in Europe. Pearson's correlation and variance analyses were used to estimate the possible relationship. Strong positive (enhancer) associations were found between the prevalence of T1D and the consumption of tetracycline (J01A: p = 0.001) and the narrow-spectrum penicillin (J01CE: p = 0.006; CF: p = 0.018). A strong negative (inhibitor) association was observed with broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin (J01CR: p = 0.003), macrolide (J01F: p = 0.008), and quinolone (J01M: p = 0.001). T2D showed significant positive associations with cephalosporin (J01D: p = 0.048) and quinolone (J01M: p = 0.025), and a non-significant negative association was detected with broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillin (J01CA: p = 0.067). Countries showing the highest prevalence rates of diabetes (top 10) showed concordance with the higher consumption of "enhancer" and the lower consumption of "inhibitor" antibiotics (top 10), as indicated by variance analysis. Countries with high prevalence rates of T1D showed high consumption of tetracycline (p = 0.015) and narrow-spectrum, beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin (p = 0.008) and low consumption of "inhibitor" antibiotics [broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, combination penicillin (p = 0.005); cephalosporin (p = 0.036); and quinolone (p = 0.003)]. Countries with high prevalence rates of T2D consumed more cephalosporin (p = 0.084) and quinolone (p = 0.054) and less broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillin (p = 0.012) than did other countries. The development of diabetes-related dysbiosis might be related to the higher consumption of specific classes of antibiotics, showing positive (enhancer) associations with the prevalence of diabetes, and the low consumption of other classes of antibiotics, those showing negative (inhibitory) associations. These groups of antibiotics are different in T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Ternák
- Medical School, Institute of Migration Health, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Ternák,
| | - Márton Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martin Rozanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Bogár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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