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Lee JH, Kim JJ, Hong SY, Kim GH, Kim JY, Kim RY, Kim M, Park YG, Kim YJ, Cho BS, Lee S, Kim HJ, Park YH. Analysis of retinal and choroidal microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with acute leukemia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06504-y. [PMID: 38713398 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although leukemic retinopathy accounts for 80% of ocular complications in acute leukemia, its pathogenesis remains unclear. To evaluate changes in retinal and choroicapillaris and structural parameters in patients with acute leukemia, we analyzed the correlation between vascular perfusion metrics and laboratory parameters and assessed the changes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Herein, 104 eyes of 52 patients aged 18 and above with acute leukemia were enrolled. 80 eyes of 40 healthy patients were recruited as control participants. All participants underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) at baseline. RESULTS Patients with acute leukemia had a significantly thicker ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and lower circularity index than the control participants. Post-HSCT perfusion metrics did not differ significantly, but parafoveal thickness decreased significantly. During the active phase of acute leukemia, lower platelet levels were associated with significant GCIPL thickening and increased foveal avascular zone and perimeter. D-dimer levels positively correlated with GCIPL thickness. CONCLUSION Patients with acute leukemia had subclinical retinal microvascular deficits on OCTA and GCIPL thickening on OCT, possibly associated with bone marrow function. GCIPL thickness may indicate acute ischemia in such patients. Further studies must elucidate their clinical and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee-Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirinae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Sui J, Li H, Bai Y, He Q, Sun Z, Wei R. Morphological characteristics of the foveal avascular zone in pathological myopia and its relationship with macular structure and microcirculation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06403-2. [PMID: 38367069 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the characteristics of macular structure, microcirculation, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) morphology in pathological myopia and to research the associations between these factors and pathological myopia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The study included 103 eyes with non-high myopia and 206 eyes with high myopia (139 with simple high myopia and 67 with pathological myopia). Macular structural and microcirculation parameters were determined using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The FAZ morphological parameters were measured manually using Image J software. Correlations between pathological myopia and various factors were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with pathological myopia had a thinner retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) and a lower retinal superficial vascular density (SVD), retinal deep vascular complex density (DVD), choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) (all P < 0.05). Patients with pathological myopia had a larger FAZ area, perimeter, major axis, minor axis, acircularity index (AI), and lower circularity index (CI) (all P < 0.01). The axial length (AL), the major axis of the superficial FAZ, CI, and AI were significantly correlated with myopia severity (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with pathological myopia exhibited worse macular microcirculation and thinner macular retina and choroid. The FAZ in pathological myopia was larger and more irregular. The AL, CI, and AI were significantly associated with myopia severity. Thus, CI and AI might serve as new indicators for monitoring the progression of myopia. Further investigations should be performed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2100046590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Sui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haoru Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qing He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
- Tianjin Binhai High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, No. 251 Fukang Road, Huayuan Industrial Zone (Nankai District), Tianjin, China.
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Sarıgül Sezenöz A, Oto S, Akkoyun İ, Akça Bayar S, Yılmaz G, Çolak MY. Macular Imaging Characteristics in Children with Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fiber and High Myopia Syndrome. Turk J Ophthalmol 2023; 53:234-240. [PMID: 37602641 PMCID: PMC10442755 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the macular imaging features in patients with unilateral myelinated retinal nerve fiber (MRNF) and high myopia syndrome. Materials and Methods Six patients with unilateral MRNF and high myopia syndrome and 13 myopic controls were enrolled in this study. Spectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT), SD enhanced depth imaging OCT, and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging results of MRNF-affected eyes were compared with the fellow eyes and myopic controls. Results All patients had abnormal foveal reflex and/or ectopia. No significant difference in retinal thickness parameters were noted between the groups. In OCT scans, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was observed in 4 out of the 6 MRNF-affected eyes. Regarding OCTA parameters, only a significant increase in acircularity index was noted in myelinated eyes (p=0.01). Conclusion All patients demonstrated normal foveal contours, macular structure, and OCTA features except for a higher acircularity index. The incidence of PVD was notably increased in the myelinated eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibel Oto
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İmren Akkoyun
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sezin Akça Bayar
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gürsel Yılmaz
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Meriç Yavuz Çolak
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Türkiye
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Živković ML, Lazić L, Zlatanovic M, Zlatanović N, Brzaković M, Jovanović M, Barišić S, Darabus DM. The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030452. [PMID: 36984453 PMCID: PMC10057575 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Myopia is the most common refractive eye anomaly with a prevalence that is constantly increasing. High myopia is associated with numerous complications that can lead to permanent vision loss. It is believed that the basis of these complications lies in changes in the microvasculature of the retina caused by an increase in the longitudinal axis of the eye. Materials and Methods: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to analyze differences in macular zone vascular and perfusion density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in myopic subjects. The following OCTA parameters were analyzed: the vessel and perfusion density of retinal blood vessels in the superficial plexus; the area, perimeter, and index of circularity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ); and foveal and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Results: Subjects with low myopia did not show statistically significant differences compared to the control for any of the analyzed parameters. Groups with moderate and high myopia showed a significant decrease in vessel and perfusion density in the parafoveal and the entire 3 × 3 mm analyzed field. Foveal vessel and perfusion densities in the myopic groups were similar to those of the control regardless of the degree of myopia. The area and perimeter of the FAZ, as well as foveal and mean GCC thickness, did not differ significantly no matter the degree of myopia, while the index of circularity was lower in highly myopic subjects. The minimal thickness of the GCC was also lower in the high myopia group. Conclusions: High and moderate myopia led to a loss of blood vessels in the macular region. Perfusion and vascular densities were preserved in the foveal region and were not affected by different degrees of myopia. The FAZ was not significantly larger in myopic subjects, but its circularity was lower in subjects with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja L.J. Živković
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-18-4570029; Fax: +381-18-4238770
| | - Lazar Lazić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Zlatanovic
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zlatanović
- Community Health Center Niš in Niš, Vojvode Tankosića 15, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Mladen Brzaković
- Special Hospital for Ophthalmology “Clinic Maja”, Vizantijski Bulevar 8, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Jovanović
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sava Barišić
- Eye Clinic, Clinical Center Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1-9, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Diana-Maria Darabus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Piata Eftimie Murgu, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Arrigo A, Aragona E, Battaglia Parodi M, Bandello F. Quantitative approaches in multimodal fundus imaging: State of the art and future perspectives. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101111. [PMID: 35933313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
When it first appeared, multimodal fundus imaging revolutionized the diagnostic workup and provided extremely useful new insights into the pathogenesis of fundus diseases. The recent addition of quantitative approaches has further expanded the amount of information that can be obtained. In spite of the growing interest in advanced quantitative metrics, the scientific community has not reached a stable consensus on repeatable, standardized quantitative techniques to process and analyze the images. Furthermore, imaging artifacts may considerably affect the processing and interpretation of quantitative data, potentially affecting their reliability. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive summary of the main multimodal imaging techniques, covering their limitations as well as their strengths. We also offer a thorough analysis of current quantitative imaging metrics, looking into their technical features, limitations, and interpretation. In addition, we describe the main imaging artifacts and their potential impact on imaging quality and reliability. The prospect of increasing reliance on artificial intelligence-based analyses suggests there is a need to develop more sophisticated quantitative metrics and to improve imaging technologies, incorporating clear, standardized, post-processing procedures. These measures are becoming urgent if these analyses are to cross the threshold from a research context to real-life clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Aragona
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Liu J, Wei H, Yang Z, Hao Y, Wang G, Li T, Yu T, Liao H, Bao B, Wu Q, Bi H, Guo D. Enhanced Apoptosis in Choroidal Tissues in Lens-Induced Myopia Guinea Pigs by Activating the RASA1 Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 36205991 PMCID: PMC9578543 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the role of the RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) signaling pathway in apoptosis in choroid tissues from guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). Methods Biometric measurements were performed to examine refractive status, ocular parameters, and choroidal thickness (ChT) after myopia induction. The choroidal morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TUNEL assay. The expression of the RASA1 signaling pathway at the mRNA and protein levels in choroidal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays. Results Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the ocular length of the guinea pigs in LIM increased remarkably, as did the myopic refraction. ChT decreased after myopia induction. H&E staining showed that the thickness and laxity of the choroidal tissues in LIM were strikingly reduced. The number of apoptotic cells in the LIM eyes was increased. Moreover, qPCR and western blot assays showed that the expression levels of both RASA1 and BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) were higher in the LIM group than in the NC group, whereas the expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) was decreased after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. However, the trend of RASA1, BAD, and BCL-2 expression was reversed after 4 weeks of experimental myopia compared with levels after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. Conclusions Results showed that the RASA1 signaling pathway is activated in choroid tissues in myopic guinea pigs. Activated RASA1 signaling induces high BAD expression and low BCL-2 expression, which in turn promotes apoptosis and ultimately causes ChT thinning in myopic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Wei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yixian Hao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiping Liao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Dong YM, Zhu HY, Liu ZH, Fu SY, Wang K, Du LP, Jin XM. Various configuration types of the foveal avascular zone with related factors in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia assessed by swept-source OCT angiography. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1502-1510. [PMID: 36124188 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the morphological characteristics of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and analyze the possible associated factors. METHODS Normal Chinese adults with or without myopia aged between 18 and 60y were recruited into the study. One eye in each individual was randomly selected for scanning using SS-OCTA. FAZ parameters, central retinal thickness (CRT) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were then analyzed. Correlations between systemic and ocular variables and FAZ parameters were subsequently evaluated. The subgroup analysis based on refractive error was also carried out. RESULTS In total, 127 eyes out of 127 normal subjects were finally included in the study (mean age 29.5±8.22y, 61 males and 66 females). The pattern of FAZ was variable: round configuration in 28 eyes (22%), quadrilateral configuration in 23 eyes (18%), pentagonal configuration in 20 eyes (16%), oval configuration in 15 eyes (12%), triangular configuration in 6 eyes (5%) and irregular configuration in 35 eyes (28%). The mean area of FAZ was 0.37±0.12 mm2. Females had a larger FAZ (0.41±0.11 mm2 vs 0.32±0.11 mm2) compared with that of males (P<0.01). All myopic individuals showed smaller FAZ area and perimeter compared with that of normal individuals (P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between age and FAZ. In the univariate regression analysis, both axial length (AL) and refractive error were significantly related to FAZ parameters. However, only CRT showed negative correlation with FAZ in the multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION The pattern of FAZ configuration in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia is highly variable. Establishing quantitative parameters of FAZ would not only provide details of macular pathophysiology but could possibly contribute as a biomarker in disease staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shu-Ying Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Wang X, Xia L. Effect of macular vascular density on visual quality in young myopic adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:950731. [PMID: 36052335 PMCID: PMC9424549 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.950731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate macular vascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate its impact on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in young myopic adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 109 eyes with axial length (AL) between 22 and 26 mm in the medium AL group and 90 eyes with AL > 26 mm in the long AL group. OCTA was used to obtain 3 × 3 mm en face images, and the vessel length density (VLD), perfusion density (PD), and fovea avascular zone (FAZ) of the superficial layer were evaluated. Visual quality was assessed using the CSF and HOAs. Results Significant differences were found in the inferior VLD, parafoveal PD, and FAZ areas between the groups. AL and macular vascular density showed negative correlations in the inferior and nasal areas. The spherical correction (SE) also showed a positive correlation with vascular density in these two areas. FAZ area and perimeter had a significant negative association with AL, and FAZ circularity was correlated with SE. CSF with bright around 6 and 12 spatial frequencies showed positive correlations with nasal PD. The parafoveal PD showed a significant correlation with BCVA after adjusting for other factors. Conclusion The superficial macular vascular density of young myopic adults decreased with lower SE and longer AL in the parafovea area. An eye with a long AL has a smaller FAZ, and myopia decreases the FAZ circularity index. The decrease in vessel density could contribute to worse BCVA and may be correlated with lower CSF, but not with HOAs.
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Ji Y, Cheng Q, Fu WW, Zhong PP, Huang SQ, Chen XL, Wu XR. Exploration of abnormal dynamic spontaneous brain activity in patients with high myopia via dynamic regional homogeneity analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:959523. [PMID: 35992950 PMCID: PMC9390771 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.959523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Patients with high myopia (HM) reportedly exhibit changes in functional brain activity, but the mechanism underlying such changes is unclear. This study was conducted to observe differences in dynamic spontaneous brain activity between patients with HM and healthy controls (HCs) via dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) analysis. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed on 82 patients with HM and 59 HCs who were closely matched for age, sex, and weight. The dReHo approach was used to assess local dynamic activity in the human brain. The association between mean dReHo signal values and clinical symptoms in distinct brain areas in patients with HM was determined via correlation analysis. Results In the left fusiform gyrus (L-FG), right inferior temporal gyrus (R-ITG), right Rolandic operculum (R-ROL), right postcentral gyrus (R-PoCG), and right precentral gyrus (R-PreCG), dReHo values were significantly greater in patients with HM than in HCs. Conclusion Patients with HM have distinct functional changes in various brain regions that mainly include the L-FG, R-ITG, R-ROL, R-PoCG, and R-PreCG. These findings constitute important evidence for the roles of brain networks in the pathophysiological mechanisms of HM and may aid in the diagnosis of HM.
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Shpak AA, Morina NA, Pismenskaya VA. [Area of the foveal avascular zone in patients with refractive errors]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:26-31. [PMID: 36573945 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202213806126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the dependence of the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) on axial eye length (AL) and to develop a feasible method for correcting this dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 209 patients over the age of 18 years (209 eyes), of them 52 patients with AL of 20-22 mm (hyperopia group), 60 patients with AL of 25.5-28.5 mm (myopia group) and 97 patients with AL of 22.5-24.5 mm (emmetropia group). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination was performed on Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex («Carl Zeiss Meditec», Germany). RESULTS FAZ area was corrected using the Littmann-Bennett formula modified by A.A. Shpak and M.V. Korobkova. FAZ area values both in emmetropic patients and in patients with refractive errors varied over a very wide range. Before correction, AL had a significant influence on the FAZ area (mm2), which compared to the emmetropia group (0.27±0.09) was significantly reduced in the myopia group (0.21±0.07; p<0.000) and increased in the hyperopia group (0.31±0.11; p=0.015). The corrected FAZ area values did not differ in the compared groups. After correction the FAZ area decreased on average by 19% in the hyperopia group and increased by 25% in the myopia group. A chart and an Excel (Microsoft)/LibreOffice Calc program have been developed for correction of the FAZ area depending on the AL. CONCLUSION Refractive errors, especially high-degree ones, have a significant effect on the FAZ area. This study proposes an original chart and a calculation program for correct interpretation of FAZ area measurements in patients with refractive errors, providing an accessible and quick way to assess the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shpak
- S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Morina
- S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Pismenskaya
- S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", Moscow, Russia
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