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Briand-Mésange F, Gennero I, Salles J, Trudel S, Dahan L, Ausseil J, Payrastre B, Salles JP, Chap H. From Classical to Alternative Pathways of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis: AlterAGs at the Crossroad of Endocannabinoid and Lysophospholipid Signaling. Molecules 2024; 29:3694. [PMID: 39125098 PMCID: PMC11314389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid (EC), acting as a full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It is synthesized on demand in postsynaptic membranes through the sequential action of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) and diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), contributing to retrograde signaling upon interaction with presynaptic CB1. However, 2-AG production might also involve various combinations of PLC and DAGL isoforms, as well as additional intracellular pathways implying other enzymes and substrates. Three other alternative pathways of 2-AG synthesis rest on the extracellular cleavage of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophospholipids by three different hydrolases: glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3), lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs), and two members of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (ENPP6-7). We propose the names of AlterAG-1, -2, and -3 for three pathways sharing an ectocellular localization, allowing them to convert extracellular lysophospholipid mediators into 2-AG, thus inducing typical signaling switches between various G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This implies the critical importance of the regioisomerism of both lysophospholipid (LPLs) and 2-AG, which is the object of deep analysis within this review. The precise functional roles of AlterAGs are still poorly understood and will require gene invalidation approaches, knowing that both 2-AG and its related lysophospholipids are involved in numerous aspects of physiology and pathology, including cancer, inflammation, immune defenses, obesity, bone development, neurodegeneration, or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Isabelle Gennero
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salles
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Psychiatrie D’urgences, de Crise et de Liaison, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- I2MC-Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR1297 and University of Toulouse III, 31400 Toulouse, France;
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Unité d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Osseuses, Hôpital des Enfants, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Académie des Sciences, Inscriptions et Belles Lettres de Toulouse, Hôtel d’Assézat, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Akhilesh, Menon A, Agrawal S, Chouhan D, Gadepalli A, Das B, Kumar R, Singh N, Tiwari V. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics investigations using natural compounds against autotaxin for the treatment of chronic pain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38285669 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common and debilitating condition with a huge social and economic burden worldwide. Currently, available drugs in clinics are not adequately effective and possess a variety of severe side effects leading to treatment withdrawal and poor quality of life. Recent findings highlight the potential role of autotaxin (ATX) as a promising novel target for chronic pain management, extending beyond its previously established involvement in arthritis and other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we used a virtual screening strategy by targeting ATX against commercially available natural compounds (enamine- phenotypic screening library) to identify the potential inhibitors for the treatment of chronic pain. After initial identification using molecular docking based virtual screening, molecular mechanics (MM/GBSA), ADMET profiling and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to verify top hits. The computational screening resulted in the identification of fifteen top scoring structurally diverse hits that have free energy of binding (ΔG) values in the range of -25.792 (for compound Enamine_1850) to -74.722 Kcal/mol (for compound Enamine_1687). Moreover, the top-scoring hits have favourable ADME properties as calculated using in-silico algorithms. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation revealed the stable nature of protein-ligand interaction and provided information about amino acid residues involved in binding. This study led to the identification of potential autotaxin inhibitors with favourable pharmacokinetic properties. Identified hits may further be investigated for their safety and efficacy potential using in-vitro and in-vivo models of chronic pain.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Arjun Menon
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advance Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Somesh Agrawal
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Deepak Chouhan
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advance Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Abdelwahid MS, Ohsawa K, Uwamizu A, Kano K, Aoki J, Doi T. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Analogues Using Conformational Restriction and Bioisosteric Replacement Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49278-49288. [PMID: 38162765 PMCID: PMC10753746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a key player in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The biological activities of LPA are mediated through interactions with-at least-six subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named LPA1-6. Developing a pharmacological tool molecule that activates LPA subtype receptors selectively will allow a better understanding of their specific physiological roles. Here, we designed and synthesized conformationally restricted 25 1-oleoyl LPA analogues MZN-001 to MZN-025 by incorporating its glycerol linker into dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, and pyrrolidine rings and variating the lipophilic chain. The agonistic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the TGFα shedding assay. Overall, the synthesized analogues exhibited significantly reduced agonistic activities toward LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6, while demonstrating potent activities toward LPA3, LPA4, and LPA5 compared to the parent LPA. Specifically, MZN-010 showed more than 10 times greater potency (EC50 = 4.9 nM) than the standard 1-oleoyl LPA (EC50 = 78 nM) toward LPA5 while exhibiting significantly lower activity on LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6 and comparable potency toward LPA3 and LPA4. Based on the MZN-010 scaffold, we synthesized additional analogues with improved selectivity and potency toward LPA5. Compound MZN-021, which contains a saturated lipophilic chain, exhibited 50 times more potent activity (EC50 = 1.2 nM) than the natural LPA against LPA5 with over a 45-fold higher selectivity when compared to those of other LPA receptors. Thus, MZN-021 was found to be a potent and selective LPA5 agonist. The findings of this study could contribute to broadening the current knowledge about the stereochemical and three-dimensional arrangement of LPA pharmacophore components inside LPA receptors and paving the way toward synthesizing other subtype-selective pharmacological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin
A. S. Abdelwahid
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ohsawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Endo M, Gotoh M, Nakashima M, Kawamoto Y, Sakai S, Murakami-Murofushi K, Hashimoto K, Miyamoto Y. 2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid regulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system for repair after brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148511. [PMID: 37506965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Effective blood coagulation prevents inflammation and neuronal loss after brain injury. 2-Carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a biotherapeutic for brain injury, inhibits blood extravasation resulting from blood-brain barrier breakdown. However, the hemostasis mechanism of 2ccPA remains unclear. We determined the effects of 2ccPA-injection on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis using a needle-induced brain injury model. 2ccPA suppressed the expression of platelet degranulation-related genes. Immediately after brain injury, 2ccPA increased CD41+ platelet aggregation around the lesions and promoted fibrin aggregation. Additionally, 2ccPA supported fibrinolysis by upregulating plasminogen activator expression. These results suggest the acute effects of 2ccPA on brain hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Endo
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Nakashima
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Sakai
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kei Hashimoto
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nagata W, Gotoh M, Koizumi A, Fukasawa K, Nakagawa K, Satoh Y, Ishizuka T. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid treatment promotes phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 microglia and prevents behavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2006-2015. [PMID: 37540445 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with the production of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and other antibodies that predominantly affects women with a wide range of lesions. Although neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms related to cerebrovascular diseases or depression, ranks high in severity, no specific treatment has been defined. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a derivative of cyclic phosphatidic acid, was isolated from the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum in 1992. 2ccPA treatment suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes tissue repair in mouse multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury models. In this study, we performed behavioral tests on MRL/lpr mice as an NPSLE model. MRL/lpr mice showed increased depression-like behaviors compared with control mice, which were significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. The expression of CD68, an M1 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MRL/lpr mice, which was significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. In contrast, the expression of Arginase1, an M2 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly increased by 2ccPA treatment. Compared to control mice, MRL/lpr mice showed higher plasma levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, which are mainly involved in SLE pathogenesis. 2ccPA treatment decreased these levels in the MRL/lpr mice. These results suggest that 2ccPA treatment suppresses behavioral abnormalities by promoting a microglial phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
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Tsukahara T, Imamura S, Morohoshi T. A Review of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid and Other Potential Therapeutic Targets for Treating Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2790. [PMID: 37893163 PMCID: PMC10603845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. OA occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually breaks down. This leads to the rubbing of bones against each other, resulting in pain and stiffness. Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) shows promise as a treatment for OA. In this article, we review the most recent findings regarding the biological functions of cPA signaling in mammalian systems, specifically in relation to OA. cPA is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator with unique cyclic phosphate rings at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions in the glycerol backbone. cPA promotes various responses, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. cPA possesses physiological activities that are distinct from those elicited by lysophosphatidic acid; however, its biochemical origin has rarely been studied. Although there is currently no cure for OA, advances in medical research may lead to new therapies or strategies in the future, and cPA has potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Kitakaze K, Ali H, Kimoto R, Takenouchi Y, Ishimaru H, Yamashita A, Ueda N, Tanaka T, Okamoto Y, Tsuboi K. GDE7 produces cyclic phosphatidic acid in the ER lumen functioning as a lysophospholipid mediator. Commun Biol 2023; 6:524. [PMID: 37193762 PMCID: PMC10188492 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lipid mediator, which regulates adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis by suppressing nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Glycerophosphodiesterase 7 (GDE7) is a Ca2+-dependent lysophospholipase D that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although mouse GDE7 catalyzes cPA production in a cell-free system, it is unknown whether GDE7 generates cPA in living cells. Here, we demonstrate that human GDE7 possesses cPA-producing activity in living cells as well as in a cell-free system. Furthermore, the active site of human GDE7 is directed towards the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutagenesis revealed that amino acid residues F227 and Y238 are important for catalytic activity. GDE7 suppresses the PPARγ pathway in human mammary MCF-7 and mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that cPA functions as an intracellular lipid mediator. These findings lead to a better understanding of the biological role of GDE7 and its product, cPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Raiki Kimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
- Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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Effects of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid derivatives on IL-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106699. [PMID: 36513319 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by the breakdown of subchondral bone and cartilage damage, most often affecting middle-aged and elderly people. Although the etiology of OA is still unknown, some reports suggest that inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)- 1β mediate the progression of OA. To investigate the effect of IL-1β and the possibility of treatment for OA, we applied 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) and its derivatives on human chondrocytes. 2ccPA is a synthesized phospholipid derived from a bioactive phospholipid mediator: cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). It has been previously reported that 2ccPA exhibits anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in an OA animal model. 2ccPA and its ring-opened body (ROB) derivative significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced upregulation of IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-13, and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan. However, the other two derivatives, namely the deacylated and ring-opened deacylated bodies, showed little effect on an IL-1β-exposed human chondrosarcoma cell-line. These data suggest that the intactness of 2ccPA and ROB is essential for anti-inflammatory effects on OA. Collectively, this study provides evidence that 2ccPA and ROB would be novel therapeutic agents for OA.
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Gotoh M, Miyamoto Y, Ikeshima-Kataoka H. Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021599. [PMID: 36675113 PMCID: PMC9865248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were identified but phagocytic activity was also clarified recently and is making dramatic progress. In this review paper, we mostly focus on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in normal states and in neurodegenerative diseases, because the authors feel it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to pave the way for drug discovery. Finally, we will review cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that induces a variety of biological activities in the brain both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that cPA may serve as a novel therapeutic molecule for the treatment of brain injury and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeshima-Kataoka
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Correspondence:
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