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Elshamy AM, Hafez YM, Safa MAE, Ibrahim HA, Khalfallah M, Rizk FH, Eltabaa EF, Ghafar MTA, Atef MM. The role of miR-433-3p in vascular calcification in type 2 diabetic patients: targeting WNT/β-Catenin and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9073-9083. [PMID: 37728820 PMCID: PMC10635945 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is a major predictor of cardiovascular diseases that represent the principal cause of mortality among type-2 diabetic patients. Accumulating data suggest the vital role of some microRNAs on vascular calcification as an epigenetic regulator. Thus, we assessed herein, the role of serum miR-433-3p in vascular calcification in type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS Twenty healthy subjects (control group) and forty diabetic patients (20 without VC and 20 with VC) were involved in the study. miR-433-3p gene expression was measured. Runx2, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), β-catenin, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in serum were assessed by ELISA technique. RESULTS Diabetes patients had significantly lower levels of miR-433-3p expression in comparison to the control group, with the lowest levels being found in diabetic patients with VC. Furthermore, Runx2, β-catenin, and RANKL levels were significantly increased with concomitant lower DKK1 and OPG levels detected in the two diabetic groups especially those with VC. CONCLUSION Collectively, the study documented that down-regulation of miR-433-3p may contribute to the development of VC through activating WNT/β-Catenin and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Elshamy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A E Safa
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khalfallah
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma H Rizk
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman F Eltabaa
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
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Angelov AK, Markov M, Ivanova M, Georgiev T. The genesis of cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis: insights into glycocalyx shedding, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis initiation. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2541-2555. [PMID: 37581758 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review provides a comprehensive examination of the complex interplay between inflammatory arthritis (IA) and cardiovascular pathology. It particularly illuminates the roles of atherosclerosis initiation, endothelial dysfunction, and glycocalyx shedding. IA not only provokes tissue-specific inflammatory responses, but also engenders a considerable degree of non-specific systemic inflammation. This review underscores the accelerating influence of the chronic inflammatory milieu of IA on cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. A focal point of our exploration is the critical function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) in this acceleration process, which possibly characterizes the earliest phases of atherosclerosis. We delve into the influence of inflammatory mediators on microtubule dynamics, EG modulation, immune cell migration and activation, and lipid dysregulation. We also illuminate the impact of microparticles and microRNA on endothelial function. Further, we elucidate the role of systemic inflammation and sheddases in EG degradation, the repercussions of complement activation, and the essential role of syndecans in preserving EG integrity. Our review provides insight into the complex and dynamic interface between systemic circulation and the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krasimirov Angelov
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Markov
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9010, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
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Basiak M, Hachula M, Kosowski M, Machnik G, Maliglowka M, Dziubinska-Basiak M, Krysiak R, Okopien B. The Effect of PCSK9 Inhibition on the Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Biochemical and Diagnostic Imaging Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:5928. [PMID: 37570897 PMCID: PMC10421011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, progressive, chronic inflammatory disease. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the most accurate predictors of atherosclerotic plaque instability (MRI). Cytokines such as osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and metalloproteinase 9 could be used as the most recent markers to identify and track the efficacy of anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Patients with USG and MRI-verified unstable atherosclerotic plaque were included in the study. Biomarker concentrations were measured and compared before and after PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Additionally, concentrations prior to treatment were correlated with MRI images of the carotid artery. After treatment with alirocumab, the concentrations of MMP-9 (p < 0.01) and OPN, OPG (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. Furthermore, the results of OPN, OPG, and MMP 9 varied significantly depending on the type of atherosclerotic plaque in the MRI assay. In stable atherosclerotic plaques, the concentrations of OPN and OPG were greater (p < 0.01), whereas the concentration of MMP9 correlated with the instability of the plaque (p < 0.05). We demonstrated, probably for the first time, that alirocumab therapy significantly decreased the serum concentration of atherosclerotic plaque markers. In addition, we demonstrated the relationship between the type of atherosclerotic plaque as determined by carotid MRI and the concentration of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Hachula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Kosowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maliglowka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Okopien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Samadi S, Sadeghi M, Dashtbayaz RJ, Nezamdoost S, Mohammadpour AH, Jomehzadeh V. Prognostic role of osteoprotegerin and risk of coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2023; 17:171-180. [PMID: 37097006 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a predictor of atherosclerosis. However, the association of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with CAC is still controversial. Methods: Prospective cohort studies that provided odds ratios with 95% CIs were included from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus through July 2022. Results: Out of 14 studies included in the systematic review, three studies with 7642 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio indicated a significant association between higher OPG levels and accelerated risk of CAC (1.15; 95% CI: 1.03-1.30; p < 0.001) with relatively no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%; p = 0.43). Conclusion: The results indicated that increased concentrations of OPG are positively associated with a 15% elevated odds of CAC after adjustment of major covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Reza Javidi Dashtbayaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Shirin Nezamdoost
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Amir H Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Vahid Jomehzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
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Golüke NM, Schoffelmeer MA, De Jonghe A, Emmelot-Vonk MH, De Jong PA, Koek HL. Serum biomarkers for arterial calcification in humans: A systematic review. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101599. [PMID: 35769144 PMCID: PMC9234354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To clarify the role of mediators of ectopic mineralization as biomarkers for arterial calcifications. Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched for relevant literature, until January 4th 2022. The investigated biomarkers were: calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, pyrophosphate, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho, osteopontin, osteocalcin, Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and its inactive forms and vitamin K. Studies solely performed in patients with kidney insufficiency or diabetes mellitus were excluded. Results After screening of 8985 articles, a total of 129 articles were included in this systematic review. For all biomarkers included in this review, the results were variable and more than half of the studies for each specific biomarker had a non-significant result. Also, the overall quality of the included studies was low, partly as a result of the mostly cross-sectional study designs. The largest body of evidence is available for phosphate, osteopontin and FGF-23, as a little over half of the studies showed a significant, positive association. Firm statements for these biomarkers cannot be drawn, as the number of studies was limited and hampered by residual confounding or had non-significant results. The associations of the other mediators of ectopic mineralization with arterial calcifications were not clear. Conclusion Associations between biomarkers of ectopic mineralization and arterial calcification are variable in the published literature. Future longitudinal studies differentiating medial and intimal calcification could add to the knowledge of biomarkers and mechanisms of arterial calcifications. We researched the association between biomarkers and arterial calcifications. This review focused on biomarkers of bone metabolism and Matrix Gla protein. Associations between biomarkers and arterial calcification are variable. Future studies should differentiate between medial and intimal calcifications.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- Arterial calcification
- Biomarkers
- CAC, coronary artery calcification
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor-23
- GACI, generalized arterial calcification of infancy
- MGP, matrix Gla protein
- MK, menaquinone
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- PIVKA-2, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-2
- PK, phylloquinone
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PXE, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
- Review
- dp-cMGP, carboxylated but dephosphorylated MGP
- dp-ucMGP, uncarboxylated an dephosphorylated MGP
- uc-MGP, uncarboxylated MGP
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M.S. Golüke
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Geriatrics, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN Blaricum, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marit A. Schoffelmeer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarieke De Jonghe
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Geriatrics, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle H. Emmelot-Vonk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim A. De Jong
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L. Koek
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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The Effect of Osteoprotectin (OPG)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB (RANK) Gene Methylation on Aortic Valve Calcified. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1592576. [PMID: 35993046 PMCID: PMC9391187 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1592576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the methylation of osteoprotectin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) pathway on aortic valve calcification, the aortic valve tissue was collected from 38 aortic stenosis (AS) patients who underwent valve replacement. OPG and RANKL gene methylation, RT-PCR, and ELISA were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), alizarin red-S staining, and immunohistochemically staining of OPG, RANKL, and CD68 were simultaneously performed. The patients were divided into noncalcified group (n = 21) and calcified group (n = 17). The methylation rate of OPG gene in noncalcified group was higher than that in calcified group (P = 0.027). The methylation degree of RANKL gene was generally lower, but the noncalcified group was still higher than that in the calcified group (P = 0.025). RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of OPG and RANKL was higher in calcified group than in noncalcified group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.036, respectively), and the mRNA expression was negatively correlated with the gene methylation rate. The protein expression of OPG and RANKL was detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, showing significantly increased in calcified group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.042, respectively). Soluble RANKL (sRANKL) in CD68-positive group was significantly different from that in negative group (0.1243 ± 0.0321 vs 0.0984 ± 0.0218 pg/mL, P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in OPG value between positive group (1.9411 ± 0.4554 ng/mL) and negative group (1.8422 ± 0.5218 ng/mL, P = 0.587). In conclusion, the degree of methylation of OPG and RANKL genes may play an important role in regulating valve calcification in AS patients.
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Osteoprotegerin Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Mexican Mestizo Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061433. [PMID: 35741244 PMCID: PMC9221599 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) is the presence of coronary calcification in the absence of cardiovascular symptoms, and it usually progresses to atherosclerotic disease. Studies have shown an association of osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) variants with calcification process in cardiovascular diseases; however, to this day there are no studies that evaluate individuals in the asymptomatic stage of atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the association of four genetic variants and haplotypes of the OPG gene with the development of SA, through TaqMan genotyping assays. We also aimed to identify potential response elements for transcription factors in these genetic variants. The study included 1413 asymptomatic participants (1041 were controls and 372 were individuals with SA). The rs3102735 polymorphism appeared as a protective marker (OR = 0.693; 95% CI = 0.493−0.974; pheterozygote = 0.035; OR = 0.699; 95% CI = 0.496−0.985; pcodominant 1 = 0.040) and two haplotypes were associated with SA, one as a decreased risk: GACC (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.414−0.990, p = 0.045) and another as an increased risk: GACT (OR = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.020−1.431, p = 0.029). Our data suggest a lower risk of SA in rs3102735 C carriers in a representative sample of Mexican mestizo population.
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Kadoglou NP, Moulakakis KG, Mantas G, Kakisis JD, Mylonas SN, Valsami G, Liapis CD. The Association of Arterial Stiffness With Significant Carotid Atherosclerosis and Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. Angiology 2022; 73:668-674. [DOI: 10.1177/00033197211068936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and its valid index, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), have emerged as predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the relationship of the CAVI with significant carotid stenosis (> 50%) and the related cerebrovascular symptoms or carotid plaque echogenicity, assessed by ultrasound gray-scale median (GSM) score, at baseline and after carotid artery stenting (CAS). We prospectively enrolled 113 patients with carotid stenosis (70-99% for asymptomatic and > 50% for symptomatic participants) eligible for CAS. Age- and sex-matched individuals (n = 38) served as controls (CON). Clinical data, CAVI, and biochemical profile were obtained at baseline. Clinical assessment and CAVI measurement were performed 6 months after CAS. Compared with the CON group, the CAS group had a higher incidence of co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), higher CAVI values (9.94 ± 2.14 vs 7.85 ± .97 m/sec, P < .001), but a better lipid profile due to increased prescription of statins. The symptomatic CAS subgroup showed higher CAVI ( P < .001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P = .048), and osteoprotegerin ( P = .002) levels than the asymptomatic one. In multivariate analysis, CAVI at baseline was independently associated with the presence of significant carotid atherosclerosis (β = .695, P < .001), cerebrovascular events (β = .474, P < .001), and GSM score (β = −.275, P = .042). Raised CAVI values were independently associated with significant carotid stenosis and plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Mantas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John D. Kakisis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Mylonas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Dadej D, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Wrotkowska E, Ruchała M. Cushing's syndrome is associated with altered adipokine profile. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032329. [PMID: 36561568 PMCID: PMC9763882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipokines are signaling molecules involved in the integration of metabolism. Changes in their concentrations were observed in obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, as well as endocrine disorders. Cushing's syndrome is associated with metabolic dysregulation, but the significance of adipokines in this entity and related complications is largely unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of adipokines: fetuin A, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in Cushing's syndrome and to assess their relation to established cardiovascular and diabetes risk markers. METHODS We examined 21 subjects with Cushing's syndrome and 24 healthy controls in a cross-sectional manner. Venous blood samples were analysed for adipokines, cortisol, adrenocorticotrophin, glucose, insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, thyrotropin and free thyroid hormones concentrations. Patients' body mass index (BMI) was evaluated, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) were calculated. RESULTS We found that the concentration of fetuin A was lower, while FABP4 and RBP4 concentrations were higher in Cushing's syndrome compared to controls [156.4 ± 60.0 µg/ml vs 260.7 ± 49.6 µg/ml; 79.8 (35.2-156.1) ng/ml vs 27.9 (17.1-36.7) ng/ml and 34 (30-37.7) mg/l vs 25.8 (23.6-27.7) mg/l, respectively]. Fetuin A correlated inversely, while FABP4 and RBP4 positively, with the concentrations of urinary free cortisol and adrenocorticotrophin. Fetuin A was positively related to LDL-cholesterol, and negatively to SCORE and HbA1c. FABP4 was associated positively with BMI, HbA1c and triglycerides, while RBP4 correlated positively with triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Adipokines' concentrations change in hypercortisolism. Further research is needed to ascertain whether adipokines are involved in the development of metabolic complications accompanying Cushing's syndrome or secondarily reflect metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dadej
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Daniela Dadej,
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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