Alkader DAA, Asadi N, Solangi U, Singh R, Rasuli SF, Farooq MJ, Raheela FNU, Waseem R, Gilani SM, Abbas K, Ahmed M, Tanoh DB, Shah HH, Dulal A, Hussain MS, Talpur AS. Exploring the role of gut microbiota in autoimmune thyroid disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;
14:1238146. [PMID:
37964972 PMCID:
PMC10641821 DOI:
10.3389/fendo.2023.1238146]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are characterized by unique immune responses against thyroid antigens and persist over time. The most common types of AITDs are Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). There is mounting evidence that changes in the microbiota may play a role in the onset and development of AITDs.
Objective
The purpose of this comprehensive literature study was to answer the following query: Is there a difference in microbiota in those who have AITDs?
Methods
According to the standards set out by the PRISMA statement, 16 studies met the requirements for inclusion after being screened for eligibility.
Results
The Simpson index was the only diversity measure shown to be considerably lower in patients with GD compared to healthy participants, whereas all other indices were found to be significantly greater in patients with HT. The latter group, however, showed a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level, and consequently of Prevotella and Bifidobacterium at the genus level. The strongest positive and negative relationships were seen for thyroid peroxidase antibodies and bacterial load.
Conclusion
Overall, both GD and HT patients showed significant changes in the gut microbiota's diversity and composition.
Systematic review registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023432455.
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