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Han W, Xiong N, Zhong R, Pan Z. E2/E3 and E3/E4 Genotypes of the Apolipoprotein E are Associated with Higher Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hypertension. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5579-5586. [PMID: 38034897 PMCID: PMC10683662 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s438008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. APOE polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the association between APOE polymorphisms and the risk of DM among the hypertensive patients remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate this relationship to provide clues for further developing DM in hypertensive patients. Methods The study included 808 hypertensive patients with DM and 1226 hypertensive patients without DM as controls. The APOE 388T>C (rs429358) and 526C>T (rs7412) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in APOE genotypes between subjects and controls were compared. To analyze the relationship between APOE genotypes and DM risk, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, and drinking history. Results The APOE E2/E4, E3/E3 genotype and ε2, ε3 allele frequency had significant difference between DM patients and controls (P<0.05). The DM patients with ɛ4 allele had lower level in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher level in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) than those with ɛ2 allele. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the APOE genotype of E2/E3 with adjusted OR=1.350 (95% Cl=1.009-1.806, P=0.043) and E3/E4 with adjusted OR=1.325 (95% Cl=1.034-1699, P=0.026) may be independent risk factors for DM. Conclusion APOE E2/E3 and E3/E4 genotypes may be risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Han
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nating Xiong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renkai Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Pan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Xing XY, Zhao Y, Sam NB, Xu JQ, Chen YJ, Xu W, Wang HD, Liu ZR, Pan HF. Salt reduction behavior of adults in Anhui province in 2019: a cross-sectional survey of 3,378 participants. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242969. [PMID: 37908687 PMCID: PMC10613982 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A high-sodium diet is an important risk factor for hypertension in the Chinese population, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although a large number of related studies have been carried out in Anhui province, clear, effective salt reduction interventions and policies that can be widely promoted have not yet been formed. This study sought to understand the prevalence and precise measures of salt reduction behavior, the variables affecting salt reduction behavior, and the reasons why salt reduction behavior was not practiced in Anhui Province, China. Methods The total number of participants in the study was 3,378. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, residents between the ages of 18 and 69 years in 10 counties and districts were selected from March to October 2019. A survey questionnaire and physical measurements were given to each participant. The influencing factors of residents' salt reduction behavior were examined using a multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis. The chi-squared (χ2) test was used to analyze the implementation of salt reduction behaviors among different age groups and gender, the factors influencing the implementation of salt reduction measures, and the reasons for not implementing salt reduction measures. Results A history of hypertension was associated with salt reduction strategies (P = 0.014). Patients with hypertension were more likely to adopt salt reduction behaviors than those without hypertension (OR = 1.218, P = 0.040). The influence of eating out on the adoption of salt-reduction measures varied by age group (χ2 = 50.463, P < 0.001) and gender (χ2 = 81.348, P < 0.001). Conclusion In summary, residents of the Anhui Province are not very knowledgeable about salt reduction. Age, gender, education level, hypertension, and marital status are the main determinants. Our findings have significant implications for policymakers who want to devise salt reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ya Xing
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity-Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Napoleon Bellua Sam
- Department of Medical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jing-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Ye-Ji Chen
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Dong Wang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity-Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Xia Q, Chen Y, Yu Z, Huang Z, Yang Y, Mao A, Qiu W. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186330. [PMID: 37476570 PMCID: PMC10354280 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have conducted a considerable number of epidemiological studies on dyslipidemia in China over recent years. Nevertheless, a representative study to comprehensively appraise for the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia is still lacked. This meta-analysis is intended to explore the pooled prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. Materials and methods A systematic review was performed on relevant cross-sectional studies published since January 2012 by searching six authoritative literature databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in included studies based on a random-effect model to summarize the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia in China. A potential source of heterogeneity was detected by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the study quality's influence on the pooled estimate of prevalence and rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Results Forty-one original researches with a total of 1,310,402 Chinese participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were 42.1%, 18.2%, 11.6%, and 5.4%, respectively. With a pooled prevalence estimate at 24.5%, low HDL-C was the most prevalent among various dyslipidemia types, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (TG) (15.4%), hypercholesterolemia (TC) (8.3%), and high LDL-C (7.1%). The pooled prevalence of elevated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was 19.4%. By gender, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 47.3% in males and 38.8% in females. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence in southern and urban areas were higher than their counterparts. Females and population in urban areas tended to possess higher rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Meta-regression analyses suggested that the year of screening influenced prevalence estimates for dyslipidemia. The impact of the study's quality on the pooled estimates is insignificant. Conclusion Our study suggested a severe epidemic situation of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. More importantly, the awareness, treatment, and control rates were extremely low, revealing that dyslipidemia is a grave health issue. Consequently, we should attach more importance to the management of dyslipidemia, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [CRD42022366456].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhang Xia
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zijing Yu
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyue Huang
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ayan Mao
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuqi Qiu
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang R, Tang J, Zhuo Y, Kuang M, Liu H. Current prescription status of antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with hypertension: analysis by type of comorbidities. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:240-248. [PMID: 34974781 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.2022688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases with National Committee on Hypertension Management in Primary Health Care in China issued revised national clinical practice guidelines on the management of hypertension in primary health care based on the 2018 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension. To evaluate adherence to the guidelines, this retrospective study assessed the real-world status of antihypertensive drug prescribing for Chinese patients with hypertension, classified by comorbidity: coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, stroke, and renal disease. About 1088212 hypertensive patients who received their first prescription for antihypertensive therapy between January 2021 to June 2021, were obtained from a database of Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) were the most common drugs prescribed for each comorbidity subgroup. Whereas diabetes mellitus or renal disease is a compelling indication for use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, CCBs were often administered in these subgroups. The treatment pattern for patients with coronary heart disease was closely similar to that for the overall patient population. Beta-blockers (BBs) were prescribed more frequently for patients with heart failure than for those with other comorbidities. Although antihypertensive drug prescription varied by comorbidity, pharmacological decisions were largely made under Chinese recommendations while physicians could select antihypertensive drugs based on the patients' comorbidities. However, educational initiatives are still necessary to inspire clinicians to better familiarize themselves with the guidelines and manage hypertension comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renren Yang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Gateshead, UK
| | - Jia Tang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Gateshead, UK
| | - Yunping Zhuo
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Gateshead, UK
| | - Ming Kuang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Gateshead, UK
| | - Hongying Liu
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Gateshead, UK
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