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Wilson EL, Yu Y, Leal NS, Woodward JA, Patikas N, Morris JL, Field SF, Plumbly W, Paupe V, Chowdhury SR, Antrobus R, Lindop GE, Adia YM, Loh SHY, Prudent J, Martins LM, Metzakopian E. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen shows that loss of GET4 increases mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites and is neuroprotective. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:203. [PMID: 38467609 PMCID: PMC10928201 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Organelles form membrane contact sites between each other, allowing for the transfer of molecules and signals. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) are cellular subdomains characterized by close apposition of mitochondria and ER membranes. They have been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. Although MERCS have been extensively studied, much remains to be explored. To uncover novel regulators of MERCS, we conducted a genome-wide, flow cytometry-based screen using an engineered MERCS reporter cell line. We found 410 genes whose downregulation promotes MERCS and 230 genes whose downregulation decreases MERCS. From these, 29 genes were selected from each population for arrayed screening and 25 were validated from the high population and 13 from the low population. GET4 and BAG6 were highlighted as the top 2 genes that upon suppression increased MERCS from both the pooled and arrayed screens, and these were subjected to further investigation. Multiple microscopy analyses confirmed that loss of GET4 or BAG6 increased MERCS. GET4 and BAG6 were also observed to interact with the known MERCS proteins, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). In addition, we found that loss of GET4 increased mitochondrial calcium uptake upon ER-Ca2+ release and mitochondrial respiration. Finally, we show that loss of GET4 rescues motor ability, improves lifespan and prevents neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ42Arc). Together, these results suggest that GET4 is involved in decreasing MERCS and that its loss is neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wilson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Albutt building, Cambridge biomedical campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Yizhou Yu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nuno S Leal
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James A Woodward
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Albutt building, Cambridge biomedical campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jordan L Morris
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sarah F Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Albutt building, Cambridge biomedical campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Albutt building, Cambridge biomedical campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Vincent Paupe
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Suvagata R Chowdhury
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Georgina E Lindop
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Yusuf M Adia
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Samantha H Y Loh
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - L Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Albutt building, Cambridge biomedical campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
- bit bio, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK.
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Shi Z, Gao X, Zhang W, Chen B, Wang M, Liao K, Wang Z, Ren L, Zhai Y, Qiu Y, Wang X, Lin Y. Novel Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assay for Visualization of the Protein-Protein Interactions and Cellular Protein Complex Localizations. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00860-6. [PMID: 37751129 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are of paramount importance for comprehending cellular processes within biological systems. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay presents a convenient methodology for visualizing PPIs within live cells. While a range of fluorescent proteins have been introduced into the BiFC system, there is a growing demand for new fluorescent proteins to accommodate the expanding requirements of researchers. This study describes the introduction of Tagged blue fluorescent protein 2 (TagBFP2) into the BiFC assay to verify the interaction between two proteins, with Enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) employed as a positive control. Both fluorescent proteins demonstrated optimal performance in this study. Compared to EYFP, the BiFC system utilizing TagBFP2 yielded a higher signal-to-noise ratio, which facilitated differentiation of the signal of PPIs from noise and enabled employment of other fluorescent proteins within the BiFC assay. Notably, the utilization of a fluorescent secondary antibody in immunofluorescence applications or the tagging of an interest protein with a fluorescent protein occupied the green or yellow channel. Overall, the present article introduces a BiFC assay that is highly straightforward, reliable, and replicable, with the ability to be completed within 1 week. This method requires neither expensive instrumentation nor technical skills of a high order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Shi
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Keman Liao
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 202150, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Lin
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen K, Sun Y, Wang S. Rational engineering and synthetic applications of a high specificity BiFC probe derived from Springgreen-M. Analyst 2022; 147:4326-4336. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio BiFC assay was developed for efficient detection and flexible visualization of protein–protein interactions under physiological conditions in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
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