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Chaumeil A, Lahkar BK, Dumas R, Muller A, Robert T. Agreement between a markerless and a marker-based motion capture systems for balance related quantities. J Biomech 2024; 165:112018. [PMID: 38412623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Balance studies usually focus on quantities describing the global body motion. Assessing such quantities using classical marker-based approach can be tedious and modify the participant's behaviour. The recent development of markerless motion capture methods could bypass the issues related to the use of markers. This work compared dynamic balance related quantities obtained with markers and videos. Sixteen young healthy participants performed four different motor tasks: walking at self-selected speed, balance loss, walking on a narrow beam and countermovement jumps. Their movements were recorded simultaneously by marker-based and markerless motion capture systems. Videos were processed using a commercial markerless pose estimation software, Theia3D. The centre of mass position (CoM) was computed, and the associated extrapolated centre of mass position (XCoM) and whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) were derived. Bland-Altman analysis was performed and root mean square difference (RMSD) and coefficient of correlation were computed to compare the results obtained with marker-based and markerless methods. Bias remained of the magnitude of a few mm for CoM and XCoM positions, and RMSD of CoM and XCoM was around 1 cm. RMSD of the WBAM was less than 10 % of the total amplitude in any direction, and bias was less than 1 %. Results suggest that outcomes of balance studies will be similar whether marker-based or markerless motion capture system are used. Nevertheless, one should be careful when assessing dynamic movements such as jumping, as they displayed the biggest differences (both bias and RMSD), although it is unclear whether these differences are due to errors in markerless or marker-based motion capture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Chaumeil
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Bhrigu Kumar Lahkar
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Dumas
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - Antoine Muller
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
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Brough LG, Neptune RR. A comparison of the effects of mediolateral surface and foot placement perturbations on balance control and response strategies during walking. Gait Posture 2024; 108:313-319. [PMID: 38199090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance perturbation studies during walking have improved our understanding of balance control in various destabilizing conditions. However, it is unknown to what extent balance recovery strategies can be generalized across different types of mediolateral balance perturbations. RESEARCH QUESTION Do similar mediolateral perturbations (foot placement versus surface translation) have similar effects on balance control and corresponding balance response strategies? METHODS Kinetic and kinematic data were previously collected during two separate studies, each with 15 young, healthy participants walking on an instrumented treadmill. In both studies, medial and lateral balance perturbations were applied at 80% of the gait cycle either by a treadmill surface translation or a pneumatic force applied to the swing foot. Differences in balance control (frontal plane whole body angular momentum) and balance response strategies (hip abduction moment, ankle inversion moment, center of pressure excursion and frontal plane trunk moment) between perturbed and unperturbed gait cycles were evaluated using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS Balance disruptions after foot placement perturbations were larger and sustained longer compared to surface translations. Changes in joint moment responses were also larger for the foot placement perturbations compared to the surface translation perturbations. Lateral hip, ankle, and trunk strategies were used to maintain balance after medial foot placement perturbations, while a trunk strategy was primarily used after surface translations. SIGNIFICANCE Surface and foot placement perturbations influence balance control and corresponding response strategies differently. These results can help inform the development of perturbation-based balance training interventions aimed at reducing fall risk in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia G Brough
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Richard R Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Zhang J, van Mierlo M, Veltink PH, van Asseldonk EHF. Estimation of sagittal-plane whole-body angular momentum during perturbed and unperturbed gait using simplified body models. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 93:103179. [PMID: 38244350 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Human whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) during walking typically follows a consistent pattern, making it a valuable indicator of the state of balance. However, calculating WBAM is labor-intensive, where the kinematic data for all body segments is needed, that is, based on a full-body model. In this study, we focused on selecting appropriate segments for estimating sagittal-plane WBAM during both unperturbed and perturbed gaits, which were segments with significant angular momentum contributions. Those major segments were constructed as a simplified model, and the sagittal-plane WBAM based on a simplified model was calculated by combining the angular momenta of the selected segments. We found that the WBAM estimated by seven-segment models, incorporating the head & torso (HT) and all lower limb segments, provided an average correlation coefficient of 0.99 and relative angular momentum percentage of 96.8% and exhibited the most similar sensitivity to external perturbations compared to the full-body model-based WBAM. Additionally, our findings revealed that the rotational angular momenta (RAM) of lower limb segments were much smaller than their translational angular momenta (TAM). The pair-wise comparisons between simplified models with and without RAMs of lower body segments were observed with no significant difference, indicating that RAMs of lower body segments are neglectable. This may further simplify the WBAM estimation based on the seven-segment model, eliminating the need to estimate the angular velocities of lower limb segments. These findings have practical implications for future studies of using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for estimating WBAM, as our results can help reduce the number of required sensors and simplify kinematics measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - M van Mierlo
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - P H Veltink
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - E H F van Asseldonk
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Sterke BT, Poggensee KL, Ribbers GM, Lemus D, Vallery H. Light-Weight Wearable Gyroscopic Actuators Can Modulate Balance Performance and Gait Characteristics: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2841. [PMID: 37957986 PMCID: PMC10647239 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Falling is a major cause of morbidity, and is often caused by a decrease in postural stability. A key component of postural stability is whole-body centroidal angular momentum, which can be influenced by control moment gyroscopes. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the influence of our wearable robotic gyroscopic actuator "GyroPack" on the balance performance and gait characteristics of non-impaired individuals (seven female/eight male, 30 ± 7 years, 68.8 ± 8.4 kg). Participants performed a series of balance and walking tasks with and without wearing the GyroPack. The device displayed various control modes, which were hypothesised to positively, negatively, or neutrally impact postural control. When configured as a damper, the GyroPack increased mediolateral standing time and walking distance, on a balance beam, and decreased trunk angular velocity variability, while walking on a treadmill. When configured as a negative damper, both peak trunk angular rate and trunk angular velocity variability increased during treadmill walking. This exploratory study shows that gyroscopic actuators can influence balance and gait kinematics. Our results mirror the findings of our earlier studies; though, with more than 50% mass reduction of the device, practical and clinical applicability now appears within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram T. Sterke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.L.P.); (G.M.R.); (H.V.)
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Katherine L. Poggensee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.L.P.); (G.M.R.); (H.V.)
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerard M. Ribbers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.L.P.); (G.M.R.); (H.V.)
- Rijndam Revalidatie, Westersingel 300, 3015 LJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Lemus
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Heike Vallery
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.L.P.); (G.M.R.); (H.V.)
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Caderby T, Lesport A, Turpin NA, Dalleau G, Watier B, Robert T, Peyrot N, Begue J. Influence of aging on the control of the whole-body angular momentum during volitional stepping: An UCM-based analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112217. [PMID: 37224932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) is a highly controlled mechanical variable for performing our daily motor activities safely and efficiently. Recent findings have revealed that, compared to young adults, older adults exhibit larger range of WBAM during various motor tasks, such as walking and stepping. However, it remains unclear whether these age-related changes are ascribed to a poorer control of WBAM with age or not. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of normal aging on WBAM control during stepping. Twelve young adults and 14 healthy older adults performed a series of volitional stepping at their preferred selected speed. An Uncontrolled Manifold (UCM) analysis was conducted to explore the presence of synergies among the angular momenta of the body segments (elemental variables) to control WBAM (performance variable); i.e., to stabilize or destabilize it. Results revealed the existence of a stronger synergy destabilizing the WBAM in the sagittal-plane older adults compared to young adults during stepping, while there was no difference between the two groups in the frontal and transversal planes. Although older participants also had a larger range of WBAM in the sagittal plane compared to young adults, we found no significant correlation between synergy index and the range of WBAM in the sagittal plane. We concluded that the age-related changes in WBAM during stepping are not ascribed to alterations in the ability to control this variable with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Caderby
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France.
| | - Angélique Lesport
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Nicolas A Turpin
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Georges Dalleau
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Bruno Watier
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, LBMC UMR_T9406, Univ Lyon - Univ Gustave Eiffel, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Peyrot
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France; Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, Le Mans Université, EA 4334, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Jérémie Begue
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, Le Tampon, France
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Gomez NG, Foreman KB, Hunt M, Merryweather AS. Regulation of whole-body and segmental angular momentum in persons with Parkinson's disease on an irregular surface. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 99:105766. [PMID: 36156430 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with Parkinson's disease have impaired motor control that increases their chance of falling when walking, especially on difficult terrains. This study investigated how persons with Parkinson's disease regulate their dynamic balance on a regular and an irregular surface. METHODS Nine participants with Parkinson's disease and nine healthy, age-matched control participants ambulated on both a regular and an irregular surface. Whole-body and segmental angular momenta were calculated using three-dimensional motion capture data. Major modes of variability between health groups on the two surfaces were investigated using principal component analysis, while differences within each health group between surfaces was investigated using statistical parametric mapping t-tests. FINDINGS Between groups, the Parkinson participants had greater sagittal, frontal, and transverse whole-body angular momentum on both surfaces, primarily following heel-strike, and the magnitude difference on the irregular surface was greater than on the regular surface. The greatest between group segmental differences on the irregular compared to the regular surface were the legs in the sagittal plane and the head/trunk/pelvis in the transverse plane, with the Parkinson group having greater magnitudes. The within-group comparison found the Parkinson participants had poorer regulation of whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane, while the healthy participants showed no consistent differences between surfaces. INTERPRETATION On an irregular surface, persons with Parkinson's disease exhibit poor control of dynamic balance in the frontal and sagittal planes. These results emphasize the need for weight transfer techniques and training in both the sagittal and frontal planes to maximize balance and reduce fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Gomez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - K Bo Foreman
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - MaryEllen Hunt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Brough LG, Neptune RR. Individual muscle responses to mediolateral foot placement perturbations during walking. J Biomech 2022; 141:111201. [PMID: 35764014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Walking requires active control of frontal plane balance through adjustments to mediolateral foot placement and ground reaction forces. Previous work on mediolateral balance perturbations and control of foot placement has often focused on the bilateral gluteus medius muscles. However, additional leg and trunk muscles can influence foot placement by transferring power to the foot and pelvis during swing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine individual muscle contributions to balance control following medial and lateral foot placement perturbations. Ten participants performed treadmill walking trials which included perturbations immediately before randomized heel strikes. Muscle contributions to foot placement, ground reaction forces, trunk power and frontal plane external moments during representative perturbed and unperturbed gait cycles were estimated using musculoskeletal modeling and simulation. Net muscle contributions to foot placement were 61 ± 50% more medial during the first recovery step following lateral perturbations and 28 ± 14% less medial in the second recovery step following medial perturbations. Following lateral perturbations, the swing gluteus medius performed 57 ± 50% more lateral work and the stance gluteus medius performed 61 ± 50% more medial work on the foot. Following medial perturbations, the erector spinae performed 39 ± 33% less lateral work on the foot. Changes in net muscle work on the foot were inconsistent with changes in step width, suggesting that changes in step width were not due to active muscle control but rather the mechanical effect of the perturbation. These outcomes provide a foundation for future studies analyzing balance control in populations at risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia G Brough
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Richard R Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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