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Miwa A, Kamiya K. Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Biomolecule Transportation in Artificial Lipid Vesicles and Living Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3339. [PMID: 39064917 PMCID: PMC11279660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and homeostasis are regulated by complex protein interactions in the intracellular environment. Therefore, the transportation of impermeable macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs) that control protein interactions is essential for modulating cell functions and therapeutic applications. However, macromolecule transportation across the cell membrane is not easy because the cell membrane separates the intra/extracellular environments, and the types of molecular transportation are regulated by membrane proteins. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are expected to be carriers for molecular transport. CPPs can transport macromolecules into cells through endocytosis and direct translocation. The transport mechanism remains largely unclear owing to several possibilities. In this review, we describe the methods for investigating CPP conformation, translocation, and cargo transportation using artificial membranes. We also investigated biomolecular transport across living cell membranes via CPPs. Subsequently, we show not only the biochemical applications but also the synthetic biological applications of CPPs. Finally, recent progress in biomolecule and nanoparticle transportation via CPPs into specific tissues is described from the viewpoint of drug delivery. This review provides the opportunity to discuss the mechanism of biomolecule transportation through these two platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan;
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Miwa A, Wakamori M, Ariyoshi T, Okada Y, Shirouzu M, Umehara T, Kamiya K. Efficiency of transcription and translation of cell-free protein synthesis systems in cell-sized lipid vesicles with changing lipid composition determined by fluorescence measurements. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2852. [PMID: 38310141 PMCID: PMC10838264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To develop artificial cell models that mimic living cells, cell-sized lipid vesicles encapsulating cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are useful for protein expressions or artificial gene circuits for vesicle-vesicle communications. Therefore, investigating the transcriptional and translational properties of CFPS systems in lipid vesicles is important for maximizing the synthesis and functions of proteins. Although transcription and translation using CFPS systems inside lipid vesicles are more important than that outside lipid vesicles, the former processes are not investigated by changing the lipid composition of lipid vesicles. Herein, we investigated changes in transcription and translation using CFPS systems inside giant lipid vesicles (approximately 5-20 μm in diameter) caused by changing the lipid composition of lipid vesicles containing neutral, positively, and negatively charged lipids. After incubating for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h, the transcriptional and translational activities in these lipid vesicles were determined by detecting the fluorescence intensities of the fluorogenic RNA aptamer on the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA (transcription) and the fluorescent protein sfCherry (translation), respectively. The results revealed that transcriptional and translational activities in a lipid vesicle containing positively charged lipids were high when the protein was synthesized using the CFPS system inside the lipid vesicle. Thus, the present study provides an experimental basis for constructing complex artificial cell models using bottom-up approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Miwa
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakamori
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ariyoshi
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furue-Dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, and International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furue-Dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, and International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physics and Universal Biology Institute (UBI), Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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Tosaka T, Kamiya K. Function Investigations and Applications of Membrane Proteins on Artificial Lipid Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087231. [PMID: 37108393 PMCID: PMC10138308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins play an important role in key cellular functions, such as signal transduction, apoptosis, and metabolism. Therefore, structural and functional studies of these proteins are essential in fields such as fundamental biology, medical science, pharmacology, biotechnology, and bioengineering. However, observing the precise elemental reactions and structures of membrane proteins is difficult, despite their functioning through interactions with various biomolecules in living cells. To investigate these properties, methodologies have been developed to study the functions of membrane proteins that have been purified from biological cells. In this paper, we introduce various methods for creating liposomes or lipid vesicles, from conventional to recent approaches, as well as techniques for reconstituting membrane proteins into artificial membranes. We also cover the different types of artificial membranes that can be used to observe the functions of reconstituted membrane proteins, including their structure, number of transmembrane domains, and functional type. Finally, we discuss the reconstitution of membrane proteins using a cell-free synthesis system and the reconstitution and function of multiple membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tosaka
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Ren C, Li Y, Cong Z, Li Z, Xie L, Wu S. Bioengineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles encapsulated Polybia–mastoparan I fusion peptide as a promising nanoplatform for bladder cancer immune-modulatory chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129771. [PMID: 36999028 PMCID: PMC10043419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNanosized bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a novel antitumor nanomedicine reagent due to their immunostimulatory properties. The encapsulated bacterial composition in OMVs can be edited via manipulating bioengineering technology on paternal bacteria, allowing us to design an ingenious antitumor platform by loading the Polybia–mastoparan I (MPI) fusion peptide into OMVs.MethodsOMVs containing the MPI fusion peptide were obtained from bioengineered Escherichia coli transformed with recombinant plasmid. The antitumor efficacy of bioengineered OMVs in vitro was verified by performing cell viability and wound-healing and apoptosis assays using MB49 and UMUC3 cells, respectively. Subcutaneous MB49 tumor-bearing mice were involved to investigate the tumor inhibition ability of bioengineered OMVs. Moreover, the activated immune response in tumor and the biosafety were also evaluated in detail.ResultsThe resulting OMVs had the successful encapsulation of MPI fusion peptides and were subjected to physical characterization for morphology, size, and zeta potential. Cell viabilities of bladder cancer cells including MB49 and UMUC3 rather than a non-carcinomatous cell line (bEnd.3) were decreased when incubated with bioengineered OMVs. In addition, bioengineered OMVs restrained migration and induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. With intratumor injection of bioengineered OMVs, growths of subcutaneous MB49 tumors were significantly restricted. The inherent immunostimulation of OMVs was demonstrated to trigger maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), recruitment of macrophages, and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in the increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Meanwhile, several lines of evidence also indicated that bioengineered OMVs had satisfactory biosafety.ConclusionBioengineered OMVs fabricated in the present study were characterized by strong bladder cancer suppression and great biocompatibility, providing a new avenue for clinical bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ren
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yangyang Li, ; Song Wu,
| | - Zhaoqing Cong
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiming Xie
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Wu
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yangyang Li, ; Song Wu,
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Fujita S, Kawamura I, Kawano R. Cell-Free Expression of De Novo Designed Peptides That Form β-Barrel Nanopores. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3358-3367. [PMID: 36731872 PMCID: PMC9979648 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing has attracted much attention as a rapid, simple, and label-free single-molecule detection technology. To apply nanopore sensing to extensive targets including polypeptides, nanopores are required to have a size and structure suitable for the target. We recently designed a de novo β-barrel peptide nanopore (SVG28) that constructs a stable and monodispersely sized nanopore. To develop the sizes and functionality of peptide nanopores, systematic exploration is required. Here we attempt to use a cell-free synthesis system that can readily express peptides using transcription and translation. Hydrophilic variants of SVG28 were designed and expressed by the PURE system. The peptides form a monodispersely sized nanopore, with a diameter 1.1 or 1.5 nm smaller than that of SVG28. Such cell-free synthesizable peptide nanopores have the potential to enable the systematic custom design of nanopores and comprehensive sequence screening of nanopore-forming peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Fujita
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo184-8588, Japan
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Yokohama
National University, Yokohama240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo184-8588, Japan
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