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Lin QY, Du JJ, Xu H, Lv MK, Xu L, Li J, Cao ZH. Effects of fecal microbial transplantation on police performance and transportation stress in Kunming police dogs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:46. [PMID: 38183474 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to improve gut dysbiosis in dogs; however, it has not completely been understood in police dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FMT on performance and gut microflora in Kunming police dogs. Twenty Wolf Cyan dogs were randomly assigned to receive physiological saline or fecal suspension at low, medium, or high doses through oral gavage for 14 days. Growth performance, police performance, serum biochemical profiling, and gut microflora were determined 2-week post-FMT. Dogs after FMT treatment were also subjected to an hour road transportation and then were evaluated for serum stress indicators. Overall, FMT enhanced the growth performance and alleviated diarrhea rate in Kunming dogs with the greatest effects occurring in the low dose FMT (KML) group. The improvement of FMT on police performance was also determined. These above alterations were accompanied by changed serum biochemical parameters as indicated by elevated total protein and albumin and reduced total cholesterol and glycerol. Furthermore, the serum stress indicators after road transportation in dog post-FMT significantly decreased. Increased bacterial diversity and modified bacterial composition were found in the feces of dogs receiving FMT. The fecal samples from FMT dogs were characterized by higher abundances of the genera Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium and lower concentrations of Cetobacterium, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus. The present study supports a potential benefit of FMT on police performance in Kunming dogs. KEY POINTS: • FMT improves the growth performance and reduces diarrhea rates in Kunming police dogs. • FMT alleviates the serum stress profiles after road transportation in Kunming police dogs. • FMT modifies the gut microbiota composition of Kunming police dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jing Du
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Xu
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kui Lv
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Guelfi G, Venanzi N, Capaccia C, Stefanetti V, Brachelente C, Sforna M, Porciello F, Lepri E. Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Does the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network contribute to heart sarcomeric protein remodelling? Int J Exp Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39138588 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intrinsic myocardial disease characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. In the present study, we investigated the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in feline myocardial tissue affected by primary (HCMI) and secondary HCM (HCMII). MRNA expression levels of sarcomeric genes, including, TNNT2, TNNI3, MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1 and ACTC1 were assessed in the FFPE myocardial tissues. FFPE tissues from healthy cats were sequenced by the NGS, to explore, in the entire non-deposited miRNome, the expression level of microRNAs targeting the complementary sequences of selected sarcomeric mRNAs. The sarcomeric genes TNNT2, MYH7, MYBPC3 and TPM1 showed a statistically significant upregulation in HCMI compared to HCMII (p < .01), except ACTC1 which was downregulated (p < .01); TNNI3 showed no statistically significant difference. In HCMII miR-122-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-484, miR-370-3p, miR-92b-3p, miR-375 and miR-370-3p showed a significant upregulation (p < .01) compared to control. The exception was miR-30a-5p which showed downregulation. Worthy of note is the 4-fold higher expression of miR-370-3p, a key regulator of MYBPC3, in HMCI compared to HMCII. This research does not solve the aetiological mystery of HCM, but it may help to find a way to help diagnose and define the prognosis of HCM in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guelfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noemi Venanzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Capaccia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Manenti I, Viola I, Ala U, Cornale P, Macchi E, Toschi P, Martignani E, Baratta M, Miretti S. Adaptation Response in Sheep: Ewes in Different Cortisol Clusters Reveal Changes in the Expression of Salivary miRNAs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3273. [PMID: 37893997 PMCID: PMC10603754 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that induces a wide array of physiological responses. This adaptive system guarantees that the animal copes with environmental variations and it induces metabolic and molecular changes that can be quantified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of homeostasis and emerging evidence has identified circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stress-related disorders in animals. Based on a clustering analysis of salivary cortisol trends and levels, 20 ewes were classified into two different clusters. The introduction of a ram in the flock was identified as a common farm practice and reference time point to collect saliva samples. Sixteen miRNAs related to the adaptation response were selected. Among them, miR-16b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-99a, and miR-223 were amplified in saliva samples. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower expression of miR-16b and miR-21 compared with Cluster 2 (p < 0.05). This study identified for the first time several miRNAs expressed in sheep saliva, pointing out significant differences in the expression patterns between the cortisol clusters. In addition, the trend analyses of these miRNAs resulted in clusters (p = 0.017), suggesting the possible cooperation of miR-16b and -21 in the integrated stress responses, as already demonstrated in other species as well. Other research to define the role of these miRNAs is needed, but the evaluation of the salivary miRNAs could support the selection of ewes for different profiles of response to sources of stressors common in the farm scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Animal Production Unit, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
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Varvil MS, dos Santos AP. A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1261085. [PMID: 37869503 PMCID: PMC10585042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1261085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Their stability and abundance in tissue and body fluids makes them promising potential tools for both the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and attractive therapeutic targets in humans and dogs. Studies of miRNA expression in normal and disease processes in dogs are scarce compared to studies published on miRNA expression in human disease. In this literature review, we identified 461 peer-reviewed papers from database searches using the terms "canine," "dog," "miRNA," and "microRNA"; we screened 244 for inclusion criteria and then included a total of 148 original research peer-reviewed publications relating to specific miRNA expression in canine samples. We found an overlap of miRNA expression changes between the four groups evaluated (normal processes, non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, infectious and/or inflammatory conditions, and neoplasia) in 39 miRNAs, 83 miRNAs in three of the four groups, 110 miRNAs in two of the three groups, where 158 miRNAs have only been reported in one of the groups. Additionally, the mechanism of action of these overlapping miRNAs varies depending on the disease process, elucidating a need for characterization of the mechanism of action of each miRNA in each disease process being evaluated. Herein we also draw attention to the lack of standardization of miRNA evaluation, consistency within a single evaluation method, and the need for standardized methods for a direct comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S. Varvil
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Identification of Appropriate Endogenous Controls for Circulating miRNA Quantification in Working Dogs under Physiological Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040576. [PMID: 36830363 PMCID: PMC9951723 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free miRNAs, called circulating miRNAs (cmiRNAs), can act in a paracrine manner by facilitating a diversity of signaling mechanisms between cells. Real-time qPCR is the most accepted method for quantifying miRNA expression levels. The use of stable miRNA endogenous control (EC) for qPCR data normalization allows an accurate cross-sample gene expression comparison. The appropriate selection of EC is a crucial step because qPCR data can change drastically when normalization is performed using an unstable versus a stable EC. To find EC cmiRNA with stable expression in search and rescue (SAR) working dogs, we explored the serum miRNome by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) at T0 (resting state) and T1 immediately after SAR performance (state of physiologically recovered stress). The cmiRNAs selected in the NGS circulating miRNome as probable ECs were validated by qPCR, and miRNA stability was evaluated using the Delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GeNorm algorithms. Finally, RefFinder was used to rank the stability orders at both T0 and T1 by establishing miR-320 and miR-191 as the best-circulating ECs. We are confident that this study not only provides a helpful result in itself but also an experimental design for selecting the best endogenous controls to normalize gene expression for genes beyond circulating miRNAs.
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Guelfi G, Kemper N. Editorial: Women in animal behavior and welfare: 2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1106052. [PMID: 36590815 PMCID: PMC9798406 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guelfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany,*Correspondence: Nicole Kemper ✉
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MicroRNAs in the cancer cell-to-cell communication: An insight into biological vehicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113449. [PMID: 36076563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Complex Interaction between P53 and miRNAs Joins New Awareness in Physiological Stress Responses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101631. [PMID: 35626668 PMCID: PMC9139524 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes the important role of cross-talk between P53 and microRNAs in physiological stress signaling. P53 responds to stress in a variety of ways ranging from activating survival-promotion pathways to triggering programmed cell death to eliminate damaged cells. In physiological stress generated by any external or internal condition that challenges cell homeostasis, P53 exerts its function as a transcription factor for target genes or by regulating the expression and maturation of a class of small non-coding RNA molecules (miRNAs). The miRNAs control the level of P53 through direct control of P53 or through indirect control of P53 by targeting its regulators (such as MDMs). In turn, P53 controls the expression level of miRNAs targeted by P53 through the regulation of their transcription or biogenesis. This elaborate regulatory scheme emphasizes the relevance of miRNAs in the P53 network and vice versa.
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