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Chen H, Zhao M, Li Y, Wang Q, Xing Y, Bian C, Li J. A study on the ultimate mechanical properties of middle-aged and elderly human aorta based on uniaxial tensile test. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1357056. [PMID: 38576445 PMCID: PMC10991712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1357056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical properties of the aorta are particularly important in clinical medicine and forensic science, serving as basic data for further exploration of aortic disease or injury mechanisms. Objective To study the influence of various factors (age, gender, test direction, anatomical location, and pathological characteristics) on the mechanical properties and thickness of the aorta. Methods In this study, a total of 24 aortas (age range: 54-88 years old) were collected, one hundred and seventy-four dog-bone-shaped samples were made, and then the uniaxial tensile test was run, finally, pathological grouping was performed through histological staining. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were mainly distributed near the openings of blood vessel branches. The distribution was most severe in the abdominal aorta, followed by the aortic arch. Aortic atherosclerosis was a more severe trend in the male group. In the comparison of thickness, there were no significant differences in age (over 50 years) and test direction, the average thickness of the aorta was greater in the male group than the female group and decreased progressively from the ascending aorta to the abdominal aorta. Comparing the mechanical parameters, various parameters are mainly negatively correlated with age, especially in the circumferential ascending aorta (εp "Y = -0.01402*X + 1.762, R2 = 0.6882", εt "Y = -0.01062*X + 1.250, R2 = 0.6772"); the parameters of males in the healthy group were larger, while the parameters of females were larger in atherosclerosis group; the aorta has anisotropy, the parameters in the circumferential direction were greater than those in the axial direction; the parameters of the ascending aorta were the largest in the circumferential direction, the ultimate stress [σp "1.69 (1.08,2.32)"] and ultimate elastic modulus [E2"8.28 (6.67,10.25)"] of the abdominal aorta were significantly larger in the axial direction; In the circumferential direction, the stress [σp "2.2 (1.31,3.98)", σt "0.13 (0.09,0.31)"] and ultimate elastic modulus (E2 "14.10 ± 7.21") of adaptive intimal thickening were greater than those of other groups, the strain (εp "0.82 ± 0.17", εt "0.53 ± 0.14") of pathological intimal thickening was the largest in the pathological group. Conclusion The present study systematically analyzed the influence of age, sex, test direction, anatomical site, and pathological characteristics on the biomechanical properties of the aorta, described the distribution of aortic atherosclerosis, and illustrated the characteristics of aortic thickness changes. At the same time, new insights into the grouping of pathological features were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Minzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunhao Bian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Fresa M, Lanzi S, Mazzolai L, Pellegrin M. The link between impaired oxygen supply and cognitive decline in peripheral artery disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023:S0033-0620(23)00124-X. [PMID: 38061613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) primarily affects large arteries outside the brain, PAD is also associated with elevated cerebral vulnerabilities, including greater risks for brain injury (such as stroke), cognitive decline and dementia. In the present review, we aim to evaluate recent literature and extract information on potential mechanisms linking PAD and consequences on the brain. Furthermore, we suggest novel therapeutic avenues to mitigate cognitive decline and reduce risk of brain injury in patients with PAD. Various interventions, notably exercise, directly or indirectly improve systemic blood flow and oxygen supply and are effective strategies in patients with PAD or cognitive decline. Moreover, triggering protective cellular and systemic mechanisms by modulating inspired oxygen concentrations are emerging as potential novel treatment strategies. While several genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate adaptations to hypoxia showed promising results in preclinical models of PAD, no clear benefits have yet been clinically demonstrated. We argue that genetic/pharmacological regulation of the involved adaptive systems remains challenging but that therapeutic variation of inspired oxygen levels (e.g., hypoxia conditioning) are promising future interventions to mitigate associated cognitive decline in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fresa
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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González-Candia A, Candia AA, Arias PV, Paz AA, Herrera EA, Castillo RL. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induces cardiovascular dysfunction in a high-altitude working shift model. Life Sci 2023:121800. [PMID: 37245841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) exposure due to shift work occurs mainly in 4 × 4 or 7 × 7 days shifts in mining, astronomy, and customs activities, among other institutions. However, the long-lasting effects of CIHH on cardiovascular structure and function are not well characterized. We aimed to investigate the effects of CIHH on the cardiac and vascular response of adult rats simulating high-altitude (4600 m) x low-altitude (760 m) working shifts. MAIN METHODS We analyzed in vivo cardiac function through echocardiography, ex vivo vascular reactivity by wire myography, and in vitro cardiac morphology by histology and protein expression and immunolocalization by molecular biology and immunohistochemistry techniques in 12 rats, 6 exposed to CIHH in the hypoxic chamber, and respective normobaric normoxic controls (n = 6). KEY FINDINGS CIHH induced cardiac dysfunction with left and right ventricle remodeling, associated with an increased collagen content in the right ventricle. In addition, CIHH increased HIF-1α levels in both ventricles. These changes are associated with decreased antioxidant capacity in cardiac tissue. Conversely, CIHH decreased contractile capacity with a marked decreased in nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in both, carotid and femoral arteries. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that CIHH induces cardiac and vascular dysfunction by ventricular remodeling and impaired vascular vasodilator function. Our findings highlight the impact of CIHH in cardiovascular function and the importance of a periodic cardiovascular evaluation in high-altitude workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro A Candia
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile; Department for the Woman and Newborn Health Promotion, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Pamela V Arias
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo A Paz
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), University of Chile, Putre, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhang MH, Han XX, Lu Y, Deng JJ, Zhang WH, Mao JQ, Mi J, Ding WH, Wu MJ, Yu LM, Liu YH. Chronic intermittent hypoxia impaired collagen synthesis in mouse genioglossus via ROS accumulation: A transcriptomic analysis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 308:103980. [PMID: 36273780 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by intermittent and recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep that leads to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The genioglossus (GG) is the largest dilator muscle, which controls the upper airway and plays an important role in OSA pathology. Elucidating its genetic alterations may help identify potential targets for OSA. However, the genetic aspects of the GG in CIH mice remain unclear. Here, we have conducted an RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GG between CIH mice and normoxia (NOR) mice. A total of 637 DEGs were identified to be dysregulated in CIH mice compared with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the DEGs were related to various physiological processes, such as the endogenous stimulus responses, cellular component organization and metabolic processes. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction was the top KEGG pathway in the environmental information processing category with high significance and large fold changes. From the gene weight distributions of collagen (Col)-related biological processes (BPs), we found several significant DEGs, such as Col1a1, Col1a2, Mmp2, Col3a1, Col5a1, Fmod, and Col5a2. A PPI network showed that Col1a1 was linked to ECM-receptor interactions, responses to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Col-related BPs. It was verified in vivo and in vitro that hypoxia can induce excess ROS and reduce Col expression levels. Moreover, we found NAC can effectively scavenge ROS and restore collagen synthesis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms linking OSA and upper airway muscle injury and may help identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Xin-Xin Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jia-Qi Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Wang-Hui Ding
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Meng-Jie Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Li-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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Benchtop characterization of the tricuspid valve leaflet pre-strains. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:321-334. [PMID: 36041649 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pre-strains of biological soft tissues are important when relating their in vitro and in vivo mechanical behaviors. In this study, we present the first-of-its-kind experimental characterization of the tricuspid valve leaflet pre-strains. We use 3D photogrammetry and the reproducing kernel method to calculate the pre-strains within the central 10×10 mm region of the tricuspid valve leaflets from n=8 porcine hearts. In agreement with previous pre-strain studies for heart valve leaflets, our results show that all the three tricuspid valve leaflets shrink after explant from the ex vivo heart. These calculated strains are leaflet-specific and the septal leaflet experiences the most compressive changes. Furthermore, the strains observed after dissection of the central 10×10 mm region of the leaflet are smaller than when the valve is explanted, suggesting that our computed pre-strains are mainly due to the release of in situ annulus and chordae connections. The leaflets are then mounted on a biaxial testing device and preconditioned using force-controlled equibiaxial loading. We show that the employed preconditioning protocol does not 100% restore the leaflet pre-strains as removed during tissue dissection, and future studies are warranted to explore alternative preconditioning methods. Finally, we compare the calculated biomechanically oriented metrics considering five stress-free reference configurations. Interestingly, the radial tissue stretches and material anisotropies are significantly smaller compared to the post-preconditioning configuration. Extensions of this work can further explore the role of this unique leaflet-specific leaflet pre-strains on in vivo valve behavior via high-fidelity in-silico models.
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Harki O, Bouyon S, Sallé M, Arco-Hierves A, Lemarié E, Demory A, Chirica C, Vilgrain I, Pépin JL, Faury G, Briançon-Marjollet A. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Cleavage Prevents Elastic Fiber Alterations and Atherosclerosis Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in the Mouse Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137012. [PMID: 35806017 PMCID: PMC9266969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH), the major feature of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), induces atherosclerosis and elastic fiber alterations. VE-cadherin cleavage is increased in OSAS patients and in an IH-cellular model. It is mediated by HIF-1 and Src-tyr-kinases pathways and results in endothelial hyperpermeability. Our aim was to determine whether blocking VE-cadherin cleavage in vivo could be an efficient strategy to inhibit deleterious IH-induced vascular remodeling, elastic fiber defects and atherogenesis. VE-cadherin regulation, aortic remodeling and atherosclerosis were studied in IH-exposed C57Bl/6J or ApoE-/-mice treated or not with Src-tyr-kinases inhibitors (Saracatinib/Pazopanib) or a HIF-1 inhibitor (Acriflavine). Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to IH and treated with the same inhibitors. LDL and the monocytes transendothelium passage were measured. In vitro, IH increased transendothelium LDL and monocytes passage, and the tested inhibitors prevented these effects. In mice, IH decreased VE-cadherin expression and increased plasmatic sVE level, intima-media thickness, elastic fiber alterations and atherosclerosis, while the inhibitors prevented these in vivo effects. In vivo inhibition of HIF-1 and Src tyr kinase pathways were associated with the prevention of IH-induced elastic fiber/lamella degradation and atherogenesis, which suggests that VE-cadherin could be an important target to limit atherogenesis and progression of arterial stiffness in OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Harki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Marine Sallé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Arco-Hierves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Emeline Lemarié
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alexandra Demory
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Carole Chirica
- Unité Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie SB2TE, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1292, CEA, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
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