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Zhang Y, Liang R, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Jin H, Liu L, Tang Z. HSF1 protects cells from cadmium toxicity by governing proteome integrity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115571. [PMID: 37837696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium toxicity has been associated with disruption of protein homeostasis by interfering with protein folding processes. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) coordinates the rapid and extensive cellular response to maintain proteomic balance facing the challenges from many environmental stressors. Thus, we suspect that HSF1 may shield cells from cadmium toxicity by conserving proteome integrity. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that cadmium, a highly poisonous metal, induces aggregation of cytosolic proteins in human cells, which disrupts protein homeostasis and activates HSF1. Cadmium exposure increases HSF1's phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and DNA bindings. Aside from this, HSF1 goes through liquid-liquid phase separation to form small nuclear condensates upon cadmium exposure. A specific regulatory domain of HSF1 is critical for HSF1's phase separation capability. Most importantly, human cells with impaired HSF1 are sensitized to cadmium, however, cells with overexpressed HSF1 are protected from cadmium toxicity. Overexpression of HSF1 in human cells reduces protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils and DNA damages to antagonize cadmium toxicity. CONCLUSIONS HSF1 protects cells from cadmium toxicity by governing the integrity of both proteome and genome. Similar mechanisms may enable HSF1 to alleviate cellular toxicity caused by other heavy metals. HSF1's role in cadmium exposure may provide important insights into the toxic effects of heavy metals on human cells and body organs, allowing us to better manage heavy metal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rong Liang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lusha Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Zijian Tang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Gao L, Zhang X, Cui J, Liu L, Tai D, Wang S, Huang L. Transcription factor TP63 mediates LncRNA CNTFR-AS1 to promote DNA damage induced by neodymium oxide nanoparticles via homologous recombination repair. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122191. [PMID: 37451587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of neodymium oxide nanoparticles (NPs-Nd2O3) has caused environmental pollution and human health problems, thus attracting significant attention. Understanding the mechanisms of NPs- Nd2O3-induced genetic damage is of great significance for identifying early markers for NPs- Nd2O3-induced lung injury. At present, the mechanisms underlying DNA damage induced by NPs- Nd2O3 remain unclear. In this study, we performed functional assays on human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBEs) exposed to various concentrations of NPs-Nd2O3 and SD rats administered with a single intratracheal instillation with NPs-Nd2O3. Exposure to NPs-Nd2O3 could lead to DNA damage in 16HBE cells and rat lung tissue cells. We found a novel long non-coding RNA, named CNTFR-AS1, which was highly expressed after exposure to NPs-Nd2O3. Our data verified that transcription factor TP63 mediates the high expression levels of CNTFR-AS1, which in turn regulates NPs-Nd2O3-induced DNA damage in cells by inhibiting HR repair. Moreover, the levels of CNTFR-AS1 were correlated with the number of years worked by occupational workers. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CNTFR-AS1 acts as a novel DNA damage regulator in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to NPs-Nd2O3. Hence, our data provide a basis for the identification of lncRNAs as early diagnostic markers for rare earth lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dapeng Tai
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Grissi C, Taverna Porro M, Perona M, Atia M, Negrin L, Moreno MS, Sacanell J, Olivera MS, Del Grosso M, Durán H, Ibañez IL. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induce persistent large foci of DNA damage in human melanoma cells post-irradiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01037-0. [PMID: 37452828 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The synergy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and ionizing radiation (IR), attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) increase, was widely investigated in different cancers, but scarcely in melanoma. Herein, SPIONs were evaluated as radiosensitizers in A-375 human melanoma cells. Moreover, the effect of the combined treatment of SPIONs and gamma irradiation (SPIONs-IR) was assessed at the DNA level, where DSBs induction and their repair capacity were studied. SPIONs were synthesized, stabilized by poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether and physicochemically characterized by high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction and magnetometry and dynamic light scattering. The obtained nanoparticles showing superparamagnetic behavior and low dispersion in shape and sizes were tested in A-375 cells. The intracellular internalization of SPIONs was verified by HR-TEM and quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Cells treated with SPIONs exhibited high ROS levels without associated cytotoxicity. Next, a significant radiosensitization in SPIONs-IR vs. control (IR) cells was demonstrated at 1 Gy of gamma radiation. Furthermore, a decreased DSBs repair capacity in SPIONs-IR vs. IR-treated cells was evidenced by the size increase of persistent phosphorylated H2AX foci at 24 h post-irradiation. In conclusion, these nanoparticles show the potential to radiosensitize melanoma cells by the induction of unrepairable DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grissi
- Subgerencia de Tecnología y Aplicaciones de Aceleradores, Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz, 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Taverna Porro
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete (B1650KNA), San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Perona
- División Bioquímica Nuclear, Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariel Atia
- Subgerencia de Tecnología y Aplicaciones de Aceleradores, Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz, 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Negrin
- Laboratorio de Radiobiología y Biodosimetría, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro de Medicina Nuclear y Radioterapia - Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares Para La Salud (INTECNUS), Av. Bustillo Km. 9,5 (R8402AGP), S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - M Sergio Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Bariloche, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo Km. 9,5 (R8402AGP), S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Sacanell
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Silvina Olivera
- Departamento Coordinación BNCT, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Av. General Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Del Grosso
- Subgerencia de Tecnología y Aplicaciones de Aceleradores, Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz, 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Durán
- Subgerencia de Tecnología y Aplicaciones de Aceleradores, Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz, 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete (B1650KNA), San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Irene L Ibañez
- Subgerencia de Tecnología y Aplicaciones de Aceleradores, Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. General Paz, 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wilkinson B, Hill MA, Parsons JL. The Cellular Response to Complex DNA Damage Induced by Ionising Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4920. [PMID: 36902352 PMCID: PMC10003081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (ionising radiation; IR) is utilised in the treatment of ~50% of all human cancers, and where the therapeutic effect is largely achieved through DNA damage induction. In particular, complex DNA damage (CDD) containing two or more lesions within one to two helical turns of the DNA is a signature of IR and contributes significantly to the cell killing effects due to the difficult nature of its repair by the cellular DNA repair machinery. The levels and complexity of CDD increase with increasing ionisation density (linear energy transfer, LET) of the IR, such that photon (X-ray) radiotherapy is deemed low-LET whereas some particle ions (such as carbon ions) are high-LET radiotherapy. Despite this knowledge, there are challenges in the detection and quantitative measurement of IR-induced CDD in cells and tissues. Furthermore, there are biological uncertainties with the specific DNA repair proteins and pathways, including components of DNA single and double strand break mechanisms, that are engaged in CDD repair, which very much depends on the radiation type and associated LET. However, there are promising signs that advancements are being made in these areas and which will enhance our understanding of the cellular response to CDD induced by IR. There is also evidence that targeting CDD repair, particularly through inhibitors against selected DNA repair enzymes, can exacerbate the impact of higher LET, which could be explored further in a translational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Wilkinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Mark A. Hill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abu Shqair A, Lee US, Kim EH. Computational modelling of γ-H2AX foci formation in human cells induced by alpha particle exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14360. [PMID: 35999233 PMCID: PMC9399106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cellular experiments, radiation-induced DNA damage can be quantified by counting the number of γ-H2AX foci in cell nucleus by using an immunofluorescence microscope. Quantification of DNA damage carries uncertainty, not only due to lack of full understanding the biological processes but also limitations in measurement techniques. The causes of limited certainty include the possibility of expressing foci in varying sizes responding individual DSBs and the overlapping of foci on the two-dimensional (2D) immunofluorescence microscopy image of γ-H2AX foci, especially when produced due to high-LET radiation exposure. There have been discussions on those limitations, but no successful studies to overcome them. In this paper, a practical modelling has been developed to simulate the occurrences of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the formations of γ-H2AX foci in response to individual DSB formations, in cell nucleus due to exposure to alpha particles. Cell irradiation and DSB production were simulated using a user-written code that utilizes Geant4-DNA physics models. A C + + code was used to simulate the formation γ-H2AX foci, which were spatially correlated to the loci of DBSs, and to calculate the number of individual foci from the observed 2D image of the cell nucleus containing the overlapping γ-H2AX foci. The average size of focal images was larger from alpha particle exposure than that from X-ray exposure, whereas the number of separate focal images were comparable except at doses up to 0.5 Gy. About 40% of separate focal images consisted of overlapping γ-H2AX foci at 1 Gy of alpha particle exposure. The foci overlapping ratios were obtained by simulation for individual size groups of focal images at varying doses. The size distributions of foci at varying doses were determined with experimentally obtained separate focal images. The correction factor for foci number was calculated using the foci overlapping ratio and foci size distribution, which are specific to dose from alpha particle exposure. The number of individual foci formations induced by applying the correction factor to the experimentally observed number of focal images better reflected the quality of alpha particles in causing DNA damage. Consequently, the conventional γ-H2AX assay can be better implemented by employing this computational modelling of γ-H2AX foci formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abu Shqair
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Seob Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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