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Yoon JH, Kim YH, Jeong EY, Lee YH, Byun Y, Shin SS, Park JT. Senescence Rejuvenation through Reduction in Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Polygonum cuspidatum Extract: In Vitro Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1110. [PMID: 39334769 PMCID: PMC11429016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes of senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known to be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly used as cosmetic additives to find substances with antioxidant effects. Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) extract significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. A novel mechanism was discovered in which P. cuspidatum extract reduced ROS, a byproduct of inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), by increasing OXPHOS efficiency. The reduction in ROS by P. cuspidatum extract restored senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced skin protection. Then, we identified polydatin as the active ingredient of P. cuspidatum extract that exhibited antioxidant effects. Polydatin, which contains stilbenoid polyphenols that act as singlet oxygen scavengers through redox reactions, increased OXPHOS efficiency and subsequently restored senescence-associated phenotypes. In summary, our data confirmed the effects of P. cuspidatum extract on senescence rejuvenation and skin protection through ROS reduction. This novel finding may be used as a treatment in senescence rejuvenation in clinical and cosmetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Ye Hyang Kim
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Eun Young Jeong
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Song Seok Shin
- Hyundai Bioland Co., Ltd., 22, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28162, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (Y.H.L.)
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Niboucha N, Jubinville É, Péloquin L, Clop A, Labrie S, Goetz C, Fliss I, Jean J. Reuterin Enhances the Efficacy of Peracetic Acid Against Multi-species Dairy Biofilm. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10351-y. [PMID: 39264555 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms may contain pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and can become a recurring problem in the dairy sector, with a negative impact on product quality and consumer health. Peracetic acid (PAA) is one of the disinfectants most frequently used to control biofilm formation and persistence. Though effective, it cannot be used at high concentrations due to its corrosive effect on certain materials and because of toxicity concerns. The aim of this study was to test the possibility of PAA remaining bactericidal at lower concentrations by using it in conjunction with reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde). We evaluated the efficacy of PAA in pure form or as BioDestroy®, a PAA-based commercial disinfectant, on three-species biofilms formed by dairy-derived bacteria, namely Pseudomonas azotoformans PFlA1, Serratia liquefaciens Sl-LJJ01, and Bacillus licheniformis Bl-LJJ01. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three agents were determined for each bacterial species and the fractional inhibitory concentrations were then calculated using the checkerboard assay. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of each antibacterial combination was then calculated against mixed-species biofilm. PAA, BioDestroy®, and reuterin showed antibiofilm activity against all bacteria within the mixed biofilm at respectively 760 ppm, 450 ppm, and 95.6 mM. The MBEC was lowered significantly to 456 ppm, 337.5 ppm, and 71.7 mM, when exposed to reuterin for 16 h followed by contact with disinfectant. Combining reuterin with chemical disinfection shows promise in controlling biofilm on food contact surfaces, especially for harsh or extended treatments. Furthermore, systems with reuterin encapsulation and nanotechnologies could be developed for sustainable antimicrobial efficacy without manufacturing disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Niboucha
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurence Péloquin
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amandine Clop
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Coralie Goetz
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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3
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Reuben RC, Torres C. Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:233. [PMID: 38662051 PMCID: PMC11045635 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are highly diverse, abundant, and heterogeneous antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Since their discovery about a century ago, there has been a growing interest in bacteriocin research and applications. This is mainly due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Though initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now globally exploited for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins have the potential to beneficially modulate microbiota, providing viable microbiome-based solutions for the treatment, management, and non-invasive bio-diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The use of bacteriocins holds great promise in the modulation of food microbiomes, antimicrobial food packaging, bio-sanitizers and antibiofilm, pre/post-harvest biocontrol, functional food, growth promotion, and sustainable aquaculture. This can undoubtedly improve food security, safety, and quality globally. This review highlights the current trends in bacteriocin research, especially the increasing research outputs and funding, which we believe may proportionate the soaring global interest in bacteriocins. The use of cutting-edge technologies, such as bioengineering, can further enhance the exploitation of bacteriocins for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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Baquero F, Beis K, Craik DJ, Li Y, Link AJ, Rebuffat S, Salomón R, Severinov K, Zirah S, Hegemann JD. The pearl jubilee of microcin J25: thirty years of research on an exceptional lasso peptide. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:469-511. [PMID: 38164764 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1992 up to 2023Since their discovery, lasso peptides went from peculiarities to be recognized as a major family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that were shown to be spread throughout the bacterial kingdom. Microcin J25 was first described in 1992, making it one of the earliest known lasso peptides. No other lasso peptide has since then been studied to such an extent as microcin J25, yet, previous review articles merely skimmed over all the research done on this exceptional lasso peptide. Therefore, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of its first report, we give a comprehensive overview of all literature related to microcin J25. This review article spans the early work towards the discovery of microcin J25, its biosynthetic gene cluster, and the elucidation of its three-dimensional, threaded lasso structure. Furthermore, the current knowledge about the biosynthesis of microcin J25 and lasso peptides in general is summarized and a detailed overview is given on the biological activities associated with microcin J25, including means of self-immunity, uptake into target bacteria, inhibition of the Gram-negative RNA polymerase, and the effects of microcin J25 on mitochondria. The in vitro and in vivo models used to study the potential utility of microcin J25 in a (veterinary) medicine context are discussed and the efforts that went into employing the microcin J25 scaffold in bioengineering contexts are summed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - A James Link
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Raúl Salomón
- Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Forouz F, Mohammed Y, Shobeiri Nejad HSA, Roberts MS, Grice JE. In vitro screening of topical formulation excipients for epithelial toxicity in cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1173-1199. [PMID: 38204966 PMCID: PMC10776879 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemical excipients used in topical formulations may be toxic to living skin cells. Here, we compared the in vitro toxicity of some common solubilizing excipients against human melanoma cells, human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and primary skin fibroblasts (FB) as examples of cancerous, immortalized and primary human skin cells, often used as experimental models representative of in vivo conditions. Two distinct endpoint assays (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet (CV)) were used. The mechanism of cell death after excipient exposure was assessed through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, cell membrane integrity and cell cycle progression. Results showed that the surfactants, Labrasol®, Labrafil® and Transcutol®, were less toxic than Triton X-100 (a model irritant) in all cell types whereas the oil, Labrafac®, was non-toxic. The human melanoma WM164 cell line showed the greatest sensitivity toward cytotoxicity after chemical exposure, while the other cell lines were more resistant. The relative excipient cytotoxicity responses observed in the MTT and CV assays were comparable and similar trends were seen in their estimated 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry after exposing the cells to IC50 concentrations of the excipients showed negligible apoptotic populations. ROS production was increased in all cell types after toxic exposure; however, ROS elevation did not lead to apoptosis. The toxicity profiles of each excipient are not only relevant to their use in formulating safe topical products but also in the potential synergistic efficacy in the topical treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Forouz
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Michael S. Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E. Grice
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Portieles R, Xu H, Chen F, Gao J, Du L, Gao X, Nordelo CB, Yue Q, Zhao L, Gonzalez NP, Bermudez RS, Borrás-Hidalgo O. Bioengineering of a Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain enhances nisin production and bioactivity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281175. [PMID: 37036850 PMCID: PMC10085027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is a food bacterium that has been utilized for decades in food fermentation and the development of high-value industrial goods. Among these, nisin, which is produced by several strains of L. lactis subsp. lactis, plays a crucial role as a food bio-preservative. The gene expression for nisin synthesis was evaluated using qPCR analysis. Additionally, a series of re-transformations of the strain introducing multiple copies of the nisA and nisRK genes related to nisin production were developed. The simultaneous expression of nisA and nisZ genes was used to potentiate the effective inhibition of foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, qPCR analysis indicated that the nisA and nisRK genes were expressed at low levels in wild-type L. lactis subsp. lactis. After several re-transformations of the strain with the nisA and nisRK genes, a high expression of these genes was obtained, contributing to improved nisin production. Also, co-expression of the nisA and nisZ genes resulted in extremely effective antibacterial action. Hence, this study would provide an approach to enhancing nisin production during industrial processes and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Portieles
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Du
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyou Gao
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | | | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nayanci Portal Gonzalez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- Joint R and D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, YOTABIO-ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Rizhao, Shandong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Escobedo S, Campelo AB, Umu ÖCO, López-González MJ, Rodríguez A, Diep DB, Martínez B. Resistance to the Bacteriocin Lcn972 Deciphered by Genome Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020501. [PMID: 36838466 PMCID: PMC9964109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the current threat of antibiotic resistance, new antimicrobials with low risk of resistance development are demanded. Lcn972 is a lactococcal bacteriocin that inhibits septum formation by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II in Lactococcus. It has a species-specific spectrum of activity, making Lcn972 an attractive template to develop or improve existing antibiotics. The aim of this work was to identify mutations present in the Lcn972-resistant clone Lactococcus cremoris D1-20, previously evolved from the sensitive strain L. cremoris MG1614. Whole-genome sequencing and comparison over the reference genome L. cremoris MG1363 identified several unexpected mutations in the parental strain MG1614, likely selected during in-house propagation. In the Lcn972R clone, two previously identified mutations were mapped and confirmed. Additionally, another transposition event deregulating cellobiose uptake was identified along with three point mutations of unknown consequences for Lcn972 resistance. Two new independent evolution experiments exposing L. cremoris MG1614 to Lcn972 revealed transposition of IS981 into the LLMG_RS12285 locus as the predominant mutation selected by Lcn972. This event occurs early during evolution and was found in 100% of the evolved clones, while other mutations were not selected. Therefore, activation of LLMG_RS12285 coding for a putative anti-ECF (extra-cytoplasmic function) sigma factor is regarded as the main Lcn972 resistance factor in L. cremoris MG1614.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Escobedo
- Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA), CSIC, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ana B. Campelo
- Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA), CSIC, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Özgün C. O. Umu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Ana Rodríguez
- Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA), CSIC, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Beatriz Martínez
- Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA), CSIC, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985-89-21-31
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Sun MC, Hu ZY, Li DD, Chen YX, Xi JH, Zhao CH. Application of the Reuterin System as Food Preservative or Health-Promoting Agent: A Critical Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244000. [PMID: 36553742 PMCID: PMC9778575 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reuterin system is a complex multi-component antimicrobial system produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri by metabolizing glycerol. The system mainly includes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, reuterin), 3-HPA dimer, 3-HPA hydrate, acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and has great potential to be applied in the food and medical industries due to its functional versatility. It has been reported that the reuterin system possesses regulation of intestinal flora and anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Typically, the reuterin system exerts strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of the reuterin system remains unclear, and its toxicity is still controversial. This paper presents an updated review on the biosynthesis, composition, biological production, antimicrobial mechanisms, stability, toxicity and potential applications of the reuterin system. Challenges and opportunities of the use of the reuterin system as a food preservative or health-promoting agent are also discussed. The present work will allow researchers to accelerate their studies toward solving critical challenges obstructing industrial applications of the reuterin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cheng Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zi-Yi Hu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dian-Dian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
| | - Chang-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
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