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Masud N. Symphony in the crowd: Key genetic alterations in prostate cancer. CANCER INNOVATION 2023; 2:203-209. [PMID: 38089408 PMCID: PMC10686121 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling have been frequently targeted for treating prostate cancer (PCa). Even though primarily patients receive a good therapeutic outcome by targeting AR signaling axis, eventually it emerges resistance by altering the genetic makeup of prostate cells. However, to develop an effective therapeutic regime, it is essential to recognize key genetic alterations in PCa. The most common genetic alterations that give rise to distinct androgen different differentiation states are gene fusion of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes, deletion, or mutation of tumor suppressor PTEN and TP53 gene, amplification or splicing of AR, altered DNA repair genes. In this review, we describe key genes and genetic changes that have been recognized to contribute to altered prostate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshat Masud
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Louisiana at MonroeMonroeLAUSA
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Pavel AG, Stambouli D, Anton G, Gener I, Preda A, Baston C, Gingu C. Cumulative Effect Assessment of Common Genetic Variants on Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Studies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112733. [PMID: 36359253 PMCID: PMC9687438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation among people. Genome Wide Association studies (GWASs) have generated multiple genetic variants associated with prostate cancer (PC) risk. Taking into account previously identified genetic susceptibility variants, the purpose of our study was to determine the cumulative association between four common SNPs and the overall PC risk. A total of 78 specimens from both PC and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients were included in the study. Genotyping of all selected SNPs was performed using the TaqMan assay. The association between each SNP and the PC risk was assessed individually and collectively. Analysis of the association between individual SNPs and PC risk revealed that only the rs4054823 polymorphism was significantly associated with PC, and not with BPH (p < 0.001). Statistical analysis also showed that the heterozygous genotype of the rs2735839 polymorphism is more common within the BPH group than in the PC group (p = 0.042). The cumulative effect of high-risk alleles on PC was analyzed using a logistic regression model. As a result, the carriers of at least one risk allele copy in each particular region had a cumulative odd ratio (OR) of 1.42 times, compared to subjects who did not have any of these factors. In addition, the combination of these four genetic variants increased the overall risk of PC by 52%. Our study provides further evidence of the cumulative effects of genetic risk factors on overall PC risk. These results should encourage future research to explain the interactions between known susceptibility variants and their contribution to the development and progression of PC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Gabriela Pavel
- Cytogenomic Medical Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Department, 014453 Bucharest, Romania
- The Romania Academy, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Danae Stambouli
- Cytogenomic Medical Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Department, 014453 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Anton
- The Romania Academy, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ismail Gener
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010751 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center of Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Baston
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010751 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Gingu
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010751 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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