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McGillivray A, Dutta A. The influence of laser-activated irrigation on post-operative pain following root canal treatment: A systematic review. J Dent 2024; 144:104928. [PMID: 38484867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synthesise evidence on post-endodontic pain (PEP) in adult teeth undergoing primary root canal treatment with the adjunctive use of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) as compared with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) during the first post-operative week. DATA An electronic search was performed; no language constraints or restriction on the year of publication were applied. SOURCES Medline, Scopus, Cochrane and PubMed on 04 June 2023 STUDY SELECTION: Randomised clinical trials (RaCTs) that evaluated PEP after LAI of endodontic irrgants were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. PEP was analysed at various time intervals until 1 week after treatment, related to the type of LAI used and the need for analgesia. REULTS Of the 793 articles identified through the electronic database search, 6 RaCTs were included. Qualitative review was favoured over meta-analysis due to substantial methodological heterogeneity between studies. Five studies were at high risk for bias determined by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. Diode LAI demonstrated superior efficacy to needle irrigation in reducing pain 6-48 h post-treatment. The impact of LAI by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) was unclear and no difference was observed between PIPS and needle irrigation. However, PIPS mitigated PEP better than manual dynamic activation, sonic and ultrasonic activation. There was no difference in analgesia intake between LAI and needle irrigation groups. CONCLUSIONS LAI may help reduce PEP in the first 48 h. Methodological standardisation of future RaCTs on LAI would be beneficial in allowing a more accurate review with the possibility of quantitative synthesis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This unique synthesis used stringent criteria to reduce confounding factors and provided valuable evidence regarding PEP with different types of LAI. It helps clinicians choose an appropriate LAI technique as compared with CNI and predicts a time frame for reducing PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McGillivray
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Lifesciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom
| | - Arindam Dutta
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Lifesciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
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Ahrari F, Akhondian S, Shakiba R, Tolouei A, Salehi A, Valizadeh M, Hosseini K. Laser Applications in Regenerative Endodontics: A Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e1. [PMID: 38655047 PMCID: PMC11033860 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Developing regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) is an exciting approach to managing immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. RET is usually performed in two clinical steps: disinfection (first step) and tissue engineering (second step). Recently, laser therapy has entered the field of RET. This study aimed to provide an overview of the literature that employed laser therapy for root regeneration. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The searched keywords were laser, regenerative endodontics, immature permanent teeth, and dental pulp necrosis, and related English-published articles were included up to October 2023. Results: Thirteen studies utilized a laser for RET. In the first step of RET, both high-power and low-level lasers (through photodynamic therapy [PDT]) may be applied for canal disinfection. In contrast, regenerative procedures in the second step of RET are just accelerated by low-power lasers (biostimulation). The literature does not support the benefit of laser-assisted irrigation in improving the clinical success of RET. There is some evidence that laser-assisted disinfection with a diode laser may provide comparable results to triple antibiotic paste in reducing bacterial counts in root canals while providing slightly better clinical and radiographic outcomes. PDT may be an effective and suitable adjunct to conventional disinfection methods in immature, necrotic teeth. Conclusion: Low-power lasers may be beneficial tools for improving the results of regenerative endodontics through chemical disinfection in the first step (PDT) or by biostimulation in the second step of RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Salehe Akhondian
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Shakiba
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Tolouei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Armaghan Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Valizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kosar Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Uematsu T, Yahata Y, Ohnishi K, Suzuki S, Kanehira M, Tanaka T, Sudo S, Suresh VV, Saito M. Irrigation with reduced sodium hypochlorite solution concentration using laser-induced cavitation is effective and safe in rat intraradicular biofilm model. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:544-553. [PMID: 37489629 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) concentration to effectively remove the root canal biofilm without stimulating periradicular inflammation using coronal laser-activated irrigation (CLAI). To compare the efficacy of different NaOCl concentrations combined with CLAI in removing the biofilm, an in vivo intraradicular biofilm rat model was used. Root canals were irrigated using an Er:YAG laser with either 5% or 0.5% NaOCl. Biofilm removal efficacy of CLAI was compared to that of conventional needle irrigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Histological observation of CLAI-associated periradicular inflammation was also conducted. In both the 5% and 0.5% CLAI groups, SEM observation showed the opening of the dentin tubules and biofilm removal. qPCR analysis indicated that the residual bacteria counts after cleaning were significantly lower in the 5% and 0.5% CLAI groups than in the conventional needle irrigation and positive control groups (Tukey test, p < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the 5% and 0.5% CLAI groups (p > 0.05). Periapical inflammation in the 5% CLAI group revealed the most severe, including significant neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration with abscess formation, while only mild vasodilation was observed in the 0.5% CLAI group. CLAI can remove the biofilm independently of chemical action, which avoids the risks associated with high NaOCl concentrations. Therefore, this root canal irrigation technique ensures safety and effectiveness, promising to contribute to new treatment strategies intended to remove intraradicular biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Uematsu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yahata
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ohnishi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeto Suzuki
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kanehira
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinori Tanaka
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Sudo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Venkata Venkataiah Suresh
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Donnermeyer D, Averkorn C, Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Cleaning Efficiency of Different Irrigation Techniques in Simulated Severely Curved Complex Root Canal Systems. J Endod 2023; 49:1548-1552. [PMID: 37586645 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the biofilm-mimicking hydrogel removal efficiency of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with five other irrigation techniques in simulated curved root canals with lateral canals. METHODS Three-dimensional-printed root canal models (60°-curvature, radius 5 mm; dimension 25/.06) with a total length of 20 mm and lateral canals in all directions at 2, 5, and 8 mm (diameter 0.2 mm) from the apex were filled with a colored biofilm-mimicking hydrogel. The following protocols (each 3 × 20 seconds continuous irrigation with distilled water 3 ml/20 seconds; n = 20) were carried out: conventional needle irrigation; manual agitation ([MA], gutta-percha point 25/.06); EndoActivator (=sonically-activated irrigation EndoActivator, 25/.04); EDDY (=sonically-activated irrigation EDDY [SAI-E]; 25/.04); ultrasonically-activated irrigation and LAI (Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser; P400FL tip at canal entrance; 25 pps, 50 mJ, 300 μs). Standardized photos were taken with a microscope and the removal of the hydrogel was determined as a percentage for the entire system, the main canal and the lateral canals. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Scheffé test (P = .05). RESULTS LAI (89.3% ± 5.9%) showed the greatest hydrogel removal followed by SAI-E (65.5% ± 3.3%) and ultrasonically-activated irrigation (59.1% ± 4.7%), with significant differences between these groups (P < .05). Needle irrigation, MA, and sonically-activated irrigation EndoActivator performed equally (P > .05) and obtained the significantly lowest values (P < .05). LAI and SAI-E showed the significantly best hydrogel removal from the main canal (P < .05). At all three levels, LAI removed significantly more hydrogel from the lateral canals than all other techniques (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS LAI was superior to other techniques in both the entire system and the lateral canals in removing the hydrogel. SAI-E achieved comparable results in the main canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Donnermeyer
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christin Averkorn
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bürklein
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Terlep S, Dogsa I, Pajk F, Stopar D. Biofilm Removal from In Vitro Narrow Geometries Using Single and Dual Pulse Er:YAG Laser Photoacoustic Irrigation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2102. [PMID: 37630662 PMCID: PMC10459327 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The disinfection and removal of biofilm from titanium dental implants remains a great challenge in oral medicine. Here we present results of novel photoacoustic irrigation laser modalities for biofilm removal in model geometries mimicking the peri-implant pocket. The efficacy of single pulse (Er:YAG-SSP) and dual pulse (Er:YAG-AutoSWEEPS) photoacoustic irrigation modalities were determined for Enterococcus faecalis biofilm decontamination from titanium surfaces in narrow cylindrical and square gap geometries. The density of bacteria as well as the number of live bacteria were determined prior and after different photoacoustic treatments. Both SSP and AutoSWEEPS photoacoustic irrigation techniques removed at least 92% of biofilm bacteria during the 10 s photoacoustic treatment. The effectiveness of cleaning was better in the narrow square gap geometry compared to the cylindrical geometry. The dual pulse Er:YAG-AutoSWEEPS photoacoustic irrigation showed better results compared to SSP modality. No chemical adjuvants were needed to boost the effectiveness of the photoacoustic irrigation in the saline solution. The results imply that photoacoustic irrigation is an efficient cleaning method for debridement and decontamination in narrow geometries and should be considered as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Terlep
- Fotona d.o.o., Stegne 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Franja Pajk
- LA&HA—Laser and Health Academy, Stegne 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Rostami G, Afrasiabi S, Benedicenti S, Signore A, Chiniforush N. The Evaluation of SWEEPS Plus Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with Indocyanine Green in Eliminating Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm from Infected Root Canals: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1850. [PMID: 37509490 PMCID: PMC10376893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the efficacy of shockwave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) plus antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) for the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm from infected root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS thirty sound human single-canal teeth were chosen and standardized to have 12 mm of root length. The root canals were shaped and prepared by means of ProTaper rotary files. After sterilization of the teeth, the canals were inoculated with E. faecalis for 2 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into six groups (n = five) of control, ICG, ICG + 808 nm diode laser, ICG + SWEEPS, ICG + 808 nm diode laser + SWEEPS, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Following treatment, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were calculated for each group. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, Tukey's test was used as the post hoc test. RESULTS NaOCl alone showed the highest efficacy (p < 0.001). The ICG + 808 nm diode laser + SWEEPS group displayed significantly lower amounts of bacteria than either the ICG + 808 nm diode laser or SWEEPS (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference detected between the ICG + 808 nm diode laser and ICG + SWEEPS (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS SWEEPS can effectively increase the photosensitizer distribution in the root canal space, and its application along with irrigants can bring about promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golriz Rostami
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, Iran
| | - Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, Iran
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Signore
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str., 8, b. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Ismail HH, Obeid M, Hassanien E. Efficiency of diode laser in control of post-endodontic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2797-2804. [PMID: 36662285 PMCID: PMC10264274 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As post-endodontic pain control is one of the main targeted addressed in endodontics, our aim was delignated to compare two different methods for low-level laser application utilizing diode laser: low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) in the control of post-endodontic pain. MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS A total of 180 patients received single-visit root canal treatment; they were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Group I received LAI, group II received LLLT, and group III served as control with normal root canal treatment and mock laser intervention (ML group). Postoperative pain was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) after 24, 48, and 72 h. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS At 24 h, there was a statistically significant difference between median pain scores in the three groups (P value < 0.001) with ML group scored highest score followed by LAI and then LLLT group. At 48 h, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P value < 0.001), with ML group scoring highest median pain scores while LLLT and LAI showed statistical insignificant scores. At 72 h, there was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups (P value = 0.179). CONCLUSION LLLT is superior to LAI and ML group in the control of immediate postoperative pain after 24 h while after 48 h both LAI and LLLT were equally effective, but they still showed significant differences when compared to ML group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diode laser can be used by clinicians as it decreases the post-endodontic pain in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis undergoing endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend H Ismail
- Dept of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maram Obeid
- Dept of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Hassanien
- Dept of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kucher M, Dannemann M, Modler N, Böhm R, Hannig C, Kühne MT. Determination of a Representative and 3D-Printable Root Canal Geometry for Endodontic Investigations and Pre-Clinical Endodontic Training-An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050133. [PMID: 37232784 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Models of artificial root canals are used in several fields of endodontic investigations and pre-clinical endodontic training. They allow the physical testing of dental treatments, the operating of instruments used and the interaction between these instruments and the tissues. Currently, a large number of different artificial root canal models exist whose geometry is created either on the basis of selected natural root canal systems or to represent individual geometrical properties. Currently, only a few geometric properties such as the root canal curvature or the endodontic working width are taken into consideration when generating these models. To improve the representational capability of the artificial root canal models, the aim of the current study is therefore to generate an artificial root canal based on the statistical evaluation of selected natural root canals. Here, the approach introduced by Kucher for determining the geometry of a root canal model is used, which is based on the measurement and statistical evaluation of the root canal center line's curvatures and their cross-sectional dimensions. Using the example of unbranched distal root canals of mandibular molars (n = 29), an artificial root canal model representing the mean length, curvature, torsion and cross-sectional dimensions of these teeth could be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kucher
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, 04277 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Institute of Energy and Transport Engineering, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, 08056 Zwickau, Germany
| | - Niels Modler
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, 04277 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Kühne
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Huang Q, Li Z, Lyu P, Zhou X, Fan Y. Current Applications and Future Directions of Lasers in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030296. [PMID: 36978686 PMCID: PMC10044917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of lasers has been regarded as a novel technique for the purposes of clinical use in the dental field. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on the potential applications of laser therapy in endodontics. Moreover, due to their ablation, penetrability, and disinfection capabilities, lasers have performed well with respect to endodontic treatments, including root canal treatment, vital pulp therapy (pulp capping and pulpotomy), dentinal hypersensitivity treatment, and management of dental pain related to pulp and periradicular disease. In particular, the superiorities of laser-aided pulp therapy are emphasized through condensed clinical controlled trials, and histological studies, in this review. Moreover, the ingenious use of laser applications with respect to aiding in the acceleration of root development and the extraction of foreign matters (i.e., broken files and fiber posts) in canals has quickly become the cutting-edge trend of current research. This review offers a summary and discussion of the current literature on all the aforementioned laser applications. Moreover, the characteristics of laser devices, including erbium lasers, neodymium-doped lasers, CO2 lasers, and diode lasers, are detailed and discussed here, providing useful references for laser application in endodontics. We also focus on the different wavelengths with respect to the lasers that are applied in endodontics. High-power lasers perform well as operative instruments; in addition, low-level lasers lead to the regulation of pulp inflammation, and the promotion of pulp healing. This narrative review provides a summary of the advanced applications of lasers in conjunction with various devices in the practice of endodontics, and aims to inspire innovative perspectives on lasers in the context of the treatment of dental diseases, especially pulp diseases, in the future.
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Pratheebha C, Gayathri R, Veeraraghavan VP, Kavitha S. Knowledge, awareness, and perception on root canal treatment among South Indian population - A survey. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S302-S307. [PMID: 36643105 PMCID: PMC9836173 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_223_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulp is removed, and the interior of the tooth is cleaned and sealed during root canal treatment. Root canals are dreaded by many people because they are considered to be painful. The following are indicators of pulpal damage, color changes, swelling, thermal sensitivity, and pain in the gums. The pulp gets inflamed or diseased when it becomes infected, then RCT or extraction is needed to eliminate the inflamed or infected tissue and heal that particular region. The questionnaire was circulated to the sample population through a Google Docs link. Pie charts with a frequency table were created when the survey data were acquired. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the connection using the SPSS software. Eighty-four percent of people are aware of RCT and what it is intended for and 80% of the participants themselves have undergone endodontic treatment. Most of the South Indian population were aware of root canal treatment and have undergone an RCT procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pratheebha
- Undergraduate, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Associate Professor, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. R. Gayathri, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Professor, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Josic U, Mazzitelli C, Maravic T, Fidler A, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Biofilm in Endodontics: In Vitro Cultivation Possibilities, Sonic-, Ultrasonic- and Laser-Assisted Removal Techniques and Evaluation of the Cleaning Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071334. [PMID: 35406207 PMCID: PMC9003475 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete and inadequate removal of endodontic biofilm during root canal treatment often leads to the clinical failure. Over the past decade, biofilm eradication techniques, such as sonication of irrigant solutions, ultrasonic and laser devices have been investigated in laboratory settings. This review aimed to give an overview of endodontic biofilm cultivation methods described in papers which investigated sonic-, ultrasonic- and Er:Yag laser-assisted biofilm removal techniques. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these removal techniques was discussed, as well as methods used for the evaluation of the cleaning efficacy. In general, laser assisted agitation, as well as ultrasonic and sonic activation of the irrigants provide a more efficient biofilm removal compared to conventional irrigation conducted by syringe/needle. The choice of irrigant is an important factor for reducing the bacterial contamination inside the root canal, with water and saline being the least effective. Due to heterogeneity in methods among the reviewed studies, it is difficult to compare sonic-, ultrasonic- and Er:Yag laser-assisted techniques among each other and give recommendations for the most efficient method in biofilm removal. Future studies should standardize the methodology regarding biofilm cultivation and cleaning methods, root canals with complex morphology should be introduced in research, with the aim of simulating the clinical scenario more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Josic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (U.J.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (U.J.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (U.J.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ales Fidler
- Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (U.J.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (U.J.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (A.M.)
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