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Ye Q, Hu J, Dai Y, Wen H, Dou Z. Mapping research trends regarding the mechanism of dysphagia from 1993 to 2023: a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1363928. [PMID: 39026580 PMCID: PMC11254800 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1363928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a common consequence of various neurogenic disorders, dysphagia has a significant impact on the quality of life for patients. To promote the development the field of swallowing, it will be helpful to clarify the pathological and therapeutic mechanisms of dysphagia. Through visual analysis of related papers from 1993 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, the research status and development trend of the pathogenesis of dysphagia were discussed. The co-occurrence study was finished using CiteSpace 6.2 R4 software, including keywords, countries, institutions, and authors. Finally, 1,184 studies satisfied the inclusion requirements. The findings of the visualization analysis suggested that aspiration and gastroesophageal reflux disease would be the areas of greatest interest for researchers studying the mechanism of dysphagia. As for the latest occurred research trends, fMRI, signals and machine learning emerging into the field of view of researchers. Based on an analysis of country co-occurrence, United States, Japan and China rank the top three, in terms of the number of publications on dysphagia. University System of Ohio is the organization that has published the most amount of articles regarding the mechanism of dysphagia. Other highly published schools in the top three include State University System of Florida and Northwestern University. For the prolific authors, German, Rebecca Z published the most articles at present, whose own research team working closely together. Several closely cooperating research teams have been formed at present, including the teams centered around German, Rebecca Z, Warnecke, Tobias and Hamdy Shaheen. This study intuitively analyzed the current research status of the mechanism of dysphagia, provided researchers with research hotspots in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulin Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Han R, Yu C, Shen F. Neural circuit mechanisms of acupuncture effect: where are we now? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1399925. [PMID: 38938783 PMCID: PMC11208484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1399925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing attention on the impact of acupuncture on the dysregulated neural circuits in different disease. This has led to new understandings of how acupuncture works. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of research that have examined the impact of acupuncture on abnormal neural circuits associated with pain, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, addiction disorders, cognitive problems, and gastrointestinal disorders. These studies have shown that acupuncture's therapeutic effects are mediated by specific brain areas and neurons involved in neural circuit mechanisms, emphasising its wide-ranging influence. The positive impacts of acupuncture can be ascribed to its ability to modify the functioning of neurocircuits in various physiological conditions. Nevertheless, contemporary studies on acupuncture neural circuits frequently overlook the comprehensive circuit mechanism including the periphery, central nervous system, and target organ. Additionally, the scope of diseases studied is restricted. Future study should focus on broadening the range of diseases studied and exploring the neural circuit mechanisms of these diseases in depth in order to enhance our understanding of acupuncture's neurobiological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Child Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing Hospital of Maternity and Childcare, Qujing, China
| | - Chaochao Yu
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yuan S, Qiu B, Liang Y, Deng B, Xu J, Tang X, Wu J, Zhou S, Li Z, Li H, Ye Q, Wang L, Cui S, Tang C, Yi W, Yao L, Xu N. Role of TRPV1 in electroacupuncture-mediated signal to the primary sensory cortex during regulation of the swallowing function. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14457. [PMID: 37718934 PMCID: PMC10916430 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Electroacupuncture (EA) at the Lianquan (CV23) could alleviate swallowing dysfunction. However, current knowledge of its neural modulation focused on the brain, with little evidence from the periphery. Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel predominantly expressed in sensory neurons, and acupuncture can trigger calcium ion (Ca2+ ) wave propagation through active TRPV1 to deliver signals. The present study aimed to investigate whether TRPV1 mediated the signal of EA to the primary sensory cortex (S1) during regulation of swallowing function. METHODS Blood perfusion was evaluated by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), and neuronal activity was evaluated by fiber calcium recording and c-Fos staining. The expression of TRPV1 was detected by RNA-seq analysis, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. In addition, the swallowing function was assessed by in vivo EMG recording and water consumption test. RESULTS EA treatment potentiated blood perfusion and neuronal activity in the S1, and this potentiation was absent after injecting lidocaine near CV23. TRPV1 near CV23 was upregulated by EA-CV23. The blood perfusion at CV23 was decreased in the TRPV1 hypofunction mice, while the blood perfusion and the neuronal activity of the S1 showed no obvious change. These findings were also present in post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) mice. CONCLUSION The TRPV1 at CV23 after EA treatment might play a key role in mediating local blood perfusion but was not involved in transferring EA signals to the central nervous system (CNS). These findings collectively suggested that TRPV1 may be one of the important regulators involved in the mechanism of EA treatment for improving swallowing function in PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yuan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Bo Qiu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Liang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Bing Deng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Junshang Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Zhou
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zeli Li
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Rehabilitation CenterFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiuping Ye
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Cui
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, College of Acupuncture and MoxibustionAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Yi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Lulu Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu‐Moxi and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Li X, Lu L, Fu X, Li H, Yang W, Guo H, Guo K, Huang Z. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for poststroke dysphagia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1270624. [PMID: 38125830 PMCID: PMC10731355 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1270624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optimal treatment strategies for post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) remain to be explored. Electroacupuncture (EA) has attracted widespread attention due to its simplicity, cheapness, and safety. However, the efficacy of EA in the treatment of PSD lacks high-level evidence-based medical support. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical value of EA in the treatment of PSD. Methods A total of seven databases were searched for relevant literature. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on EA alone or EA combined with other interventions for the treatment of PSD were assessed using the modified Jadad scale. The studies with a score of ≥4 were included. The quality of the included studies was then assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The meta-analysis was performed using Rev. Man 5.3 software. Results Twelve studies involving 1,358 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that the EA group was superior to the control group in terms of clinical response rate (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.97 to 3.53) and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) score (MD = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.16). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score (MD = -3.11, 95% CI = -6.45 to 0.23), Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score (MD = -0.68, 95% CI = -2.78 to 1.41), Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) score (MD = 13.24, 95% CI = -7.74 to 34.21), or incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.73 to 3.38). Conclusion This study shows that EA combined with conventional treatment or other interventions can significantly improve the clinical response rate and VFSS score in patients with PSD without increasing adverse reactions.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=396840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Li
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Postgraduate Cultivation Base of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifeng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
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Yuan S, Shi J, Tang X, Deng B, Wu Z, Qiu B, Lin S, Ji C, Wang L, Cui S, Xu N, Yao L. The Role of Perineuronal Nets in the Contralateral Hemisphere in the Electroacupuncture-Mediated Rehabilitation of Poststroke Dysphagia Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0234-23.2023. [PMID: 37977825 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0234-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture at Lianquan (CV23) acupoint has been shown to improve swallowing function in poststroke dysphagia (PSD). This improvement is supposed to be associated with the regulation of neuronal activity in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), while the underlying mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are well-known to be involved in the regulation of neuronal activity. Thus, we here aimed to detect the role of PNNs in the contralateral M1 hemisphere in the electroacupuncture (EA)-mediated effect in male mice. The results were obtained from a combination of methods, including in vitro slice electrophysiological recording, in vivo electrophysiological recording, and immunofluorescent staining in male mice. These results showed a decrease of the excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and no alteration of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in the GABAergic neurons and the tonic inhibition in the excitatory neurons in the contralateral M1 after stroke induction, and EA recovered the impaired sEPSCs in the GABAergic neurons. We further found that the effect of EA-induced increase of c-Fos expression, enhancement of spike firing, potentiation of sEPSCs in the excitatory neurons, and improvement of swallowing function were all blocked by the removal of PNNs in the contralateral M1. In conclusion, the PNNs in the contralateral M1 was suggested to be participated in stroke pathogenesis and might be associated with the EA-mediated swallowing function rehabilitation of PSD in male mice. Our study provides insight into how PNNs might be involved in the mechanism of EA treatment for stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yuan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
- Department of Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Bing Deng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Shumin Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Chang Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Lin Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, China
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Lulu Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
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Xiao Y, Lin Y, Chen Q, Wang R, Li Z, Chen D, Huang Y, Peng G. Acupuncture for swallowing disorder after recovery from COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32491. [PMID: 37000050 PMCID: PMC10063305 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swallowing disorder is a common sequela after recovery from COVID-19. Acupuncture is an important traditional therapy for treating swallowing disorder. However, the efficacy of acupuncture for swallowing disorder after recovery from COVID-19 lacks evidence-based medicine. METHODS All randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for swallowing disorder after recovery from COVID-19 will be retrieved and collected from December 2019 to November 2022 with no language restrictions. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and the Wanfang Database will be searched. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data, and evaluate study quality. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Statistical analyses will be performed using Review Manager version 5.3. RESULTS This study will provide a high-quality and convincing assessment of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for swallowing disorder after recovery from COVID-19 and will be published in peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION Our findings will provide a reference for future clinical decisions and guidance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuming Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daman Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Yao L, Ye Q, Liu Y, Yao S, Yuan S, Xu Q, Deng B, Tang X, Shi J, Luo J, Wu J, Wu Z, Liu J, Tang C, Wang L, Xu N. Electroacupuncture improves swallowing function in a post-stroke dysphagia mouse model by activating the motor cortex inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarii through the parabrachial nuclei. Nat Commun 2023; 14:810. [PMID: 36781899 PMCID: PMC9925820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional medical therapy, stimulation at the Lianquan (CV23) acupoint, located at the depression superior to the hyoid bone, has been shown to be beneficial in dysphagia. However, little is known about the neurological mechanism by which this peripheral stimulation approach treats for dysphagia. Here, we first identified a cluster of excitatory neurons in layer 5 (L5) of the primary motor cortex (M1) that can regulate swallowing function in male mice by modulating mylohyoid activity. Moreover, we found that focal ischemia in the M1 mimicked the post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) pathology, as indicated by impaired water consumption and electromyographic responses in the mylohyoid. This dysfunction could be rescued by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at the CV23 acupoint (EA-CV23) in a manner dependent on the excitatory neurons in the contralateral M1 L5. Furthermore, neuronal activation in both the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), which was modulated by the M1, was required for the ability of EA-CV23 treatment to improve swallowing function in male PSD model mice. Together, these results uncover the importance of the M1-PBN-NTS neural circuit in driving the protective effect of EA-CV23 against swallowing dysfunction and thus reveal a potential strategy for dysphagia intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuping Ye
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yun Liu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Si Yuan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qin Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Deng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianyu Luo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junshang Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Acupuncture Research Team, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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