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Bargout N, Kashyout AEHB, Ibrahim MAM, El Nemr A. Development of cellulose acetate poly acrylonitrile (CAPA)-SiC/epoxy coating to mitigate corrosion of copper in chloride containing solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21024. [PMID: 39251625 PMCID: PMC11385227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A new conducting polymer of the cellulose acetate poly acrylonitrile (CAPA)-SiC composite was produced using an in situ oxidative polymerization technique in an aqueous medium. SiC was synthesized from Cinachyrella sp. as a source of carbon and silicon at 1200 °C under an argon atmosphere via a catalytic reduction process. The structure and morphology of the CAPA-SiC composite were characterized using surface area studies (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and surface morphology (SEM & TEM). To protect copper, the produced CAPA-SiC composite was mixed with commercial epoxy paint using a casting technique, and the copper surface was coated with the three components of the CAPA-SiC/epoxy paint mixture. The corrosion inhibition improvement of the CAPA-SiC/paint coating was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy followed by Tafel polarization measurements in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The corrosion protection ability of the CAPA-SiC/epoxy coating was found to be outstanding at 97.4% when compared to that of a CAPA/paint coating. SEM and XRD were used to illustrate the coating on the copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Bargout
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Hady B Kashyout
- Electronic Materials Research Department Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magdy A M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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El Feky AR, Ismaiel M, Yılmaz M, Madkour FM, El Nemr A, Ibrahim HAH. Biodegradable plastic formulated from chitosan of Aristeus antennatus shells with castor oil as a plasticizer agent and starch as a filling substrate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11161. [PMID: 38750054 PMCID: PMC11096362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are those subjected easily to a degradation process, in which they can be decomposed after disposal in the environment through microbial activity. 30 bioplastic film formulations based only on chitosan film were used in the current investigation as a positive control together with chitosan film recovered from chitin-waste of locally obtained Aristeus antennatus. Additionally, castor oil was used as a plasticizer. While the yield of chitosan was 18% with 7.65% moisture content and 32.27% ash in the shells, the isolated chitin had a degree of deacetylation (DD) of 86%. The synthesized bioplastic films were characterized via numerous criteria. Firstly, the swelling capacity of these biofilms recorded relatively high percentages compared to polypropylene as synthetic plastic. Noticeably, the FTIR profiles, besides DSC, TGA, and XRD, confirmed the acceptable characteristics of these biofilms. In addition, their SEM illustrated the homogeneity and continuity with a few straps of the chitosan film and showed the homogeneous mixes of chitosan and castor oil with 5 and 20%. Moreover, data detected the antibacterial activity of different bioplastic formulas against some common bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus feacalis, Kelbsiella pnumina, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Amazingly, our bioplastic films have conducted potent antimicrobial activities. So, they may be promising in such a direction. Further, the biodegradability efficacy of bioplastic films formed was proved in numerous environments for several weeks of incubation. However, all bioplastic films decreased in their weights and changed in their colors, while polypropylene, was very constant all the time. The current findings suggest that our biofilms may be promising for many applications, especially in the field of food package protecting the food, and preventing microbial contamination, consequently, it may help in extending the shelf life of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat R El Feky
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ismaiel
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Murat Yılmaz
- Bahçe Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, 80000, Turkey
| | - Fedekar M Madkour
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A H Ibrahim
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lim CSS, Chan EWC, Wong CW. Acetic acid as a protic solvent for reducing sulphuric acid concentrations in the production of cellulose nanocrystals alongside transition metal co-catalysts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129303. [PMID: 38216018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) conventionally involve highly concentrated sulphuric acid, which typically resulted in the formation of undesirable by-products. Although less corrosive mineral acids have been explored as alternatives, high concentrations are still required. In this study, CNC was successfully isolated from Leucaena leucocephala wood using mild sulphuric acid with acetic acid as protic solvent, and it was further studied with the addition of Lewis acids in the form of multivalent transition metal salts as co-catalyst. Selected divalent and trivalent transition metal salts including (Cr(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, Co(NO3)2, and Ni(NO3)2) were investigated. The morphology, chemical structure, particle size, and physicochemical properties of the CNCs were determined. Controlled depolymerization of cellulose was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rod-like morphology for all CNCs was obtained during the hydrolysis process with the smallest CNC particles found at an average length of 278.1 ± 35.1 nm and a diameter of 13.4 ± 3.0 nm. The results showed that higher valence state metal ions resulted in better cellulose hydrolysis efficiency. In addition, the use of transition metal salt as a co-catalyst improved production efficiency and minimised carbonization of CNC while maintaining desired crystallinity and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Shu Shien Lim
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Wai Wong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Elmaghraby NA, Omer AM, Kenawy ER, Gaber M, Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Hossain I, El Nemr A. Electrospun cellulose acetate/activated carbon composite modified by EDTA (rC/AC-EDTA) for efficient methylene blue dye removal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9919. [PMID: 37336947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study fabricated regenerated cellulose nanofiber incorporated with activated carbon and functionalized rC/AC3.7 with EDTA reagent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The rC/AC3.7 was fabricated by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA) with activated carbon (AC) solution followed by deacetylation. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied to prove the chemical structures. In contrast, BET, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses were applied to study the fiber diameter and structure morphology, the thermal properties and the surface properties of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. The CA was successfully deacetylated to give regenerated cellulose nanofiber/activated carbon, and then ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride was used to functionalize the fabricated nanofiber composite. The rC/AC3.7-EDTA, rC/AC5.5-EDTA and rC/AC6.7-EDTA were tested for adsorption of MB dye with maximum removal percentages reaching 97.48, 90.44 and 94.17%, respectively. The best circumstances for batch absorption experiments of MB dye on rC/AC3.7-EDTA were pH 7, an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and a starting MB dye concentration of 20 mg/L for 180 min of contact time, with a maximum removal percentage of 99.14%. The best-fit isotherm models are Temkin and Hasely. The outcome of isotherm models illustrates the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model (LIM). The maximal monolayer capacity Qm determined from the linear LIM is 60.61 for 0.5 g/L of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. However, based on the results from error function studies, the generalized isotherm model has the lowest accuracy. The data obtained by the kinetic models' studies exposed that the absorption system follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOM) throughout the absorption period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad A Elmaghraby
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail Hossain
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620000
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ragab S, El Sikaily A, El Nemr A. Fabrication of dialysis membrane from cotton Giza 86 cellulose di-acetate prepared using Ac 2O and NiCl 2 as a new catalyst. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2276. [PMID: 36755140 PMCID: PMC9908872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This attempt has been made to synthesize the cellulose di-acetate in a solvent-free acetylation system of cotton Giza 86 cellulose with Ac2O (200 and 300 ml) in the presence of NiCl2.6HO (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) as an effectively available and new catalyst by the conventional reflux and microwave irradiation methods. This study also illustrates the preparation of a dialysis membrane made from a cellulose di-acetate-dichloromethane-methanol-polyethylene glycol (MW: 200) casting solution. The microwave irradiation method for the synthesis of cellulose di-acetate showed excellent yields and short reaction time, which is an important feature of this method. The impact of the two methods on the cellulose di-acetate formation and its used in the dialysis membrane formulations was studied. The experimental degree of substitution of the prepared cellulose di-acetate values (DS = 2.00-2.7) showed an agreement with the calculated values by FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis methods. The formation of cellulose di-acetate with percentage yields varied from 62.85 to 89.85%. The applicability of the prepared membrane in dialysis operation was evaluated in terms of urea clearance, rejection of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and flux of pure water. Characterization of cellulose di-acetate was achieved through 1H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and BET analyses. The CA-PEG blend membrane was examined by contact angle measurement, porosity, and water uptake of the membrane. The cellulose acetate membrane surface morphology was determined using SEM. It is observable that the fabricated CA-PEG blend membrane from synthesized cellulose di-acetate by using Nickel chloride as a catalyst is showing remarkable rejection of BSA and urea clearance up to 100 and 67.2%, respectively. The present work is promising and applicable in dialysis membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ragab
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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