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Wang Z, Wu B, Ma Z, Zhang M, Zeng H. Distinguishing natural and anthropogenic contributions to biological soil crust distribution in China's drylands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168009. [PMID: 37871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Desertification caused by natural factors and human activities seriously threatens dryland biological communities. However, the impact of these factors on non-vascular plants in drylands has not been fully documented. This study proposed a framework to distinguish the natural and anthropogenic contributions to the distribution of the biological soil crust (BSC) coverage. The 20 model-simulated environmental datasets, including climate, soil characteristics and terrain, were selected to explore the internal relationship between these environmental drivers and BSC coverage. Random forest classification and regression models were developed to calculate the BSC coverage in the drylands of China under natural conditions. By subtracting the predicted natural BSC coverage from the observed BSC coverage, the spatial distribution of changes in BSC coverage attributed to human activities was mapped. The results showed that in the limited vegetation areas of China's drylands, human activities had a positive impact on BSC coverage in only 11.3 % of the regions while having a negative effect on 25.4 % of the regions. Moreover, human activities led to a 33 % reduction in BSC coverage in these regions. The positive impacts of large-scale ecological restoration projects on BSC coverage in the drylands of China were limited due to land use changes caused by human economic activities. This framework provides support for assessing regional variations in anthropogenic impacts on dryland BSC communities and contributes to the development of appropriate dryland management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zonghan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Boivin S, Bourceret A, Maurice K, Laurent-Webb L, Figura T, Bourillon J, Nespoulous J, Domergue O, Chaintreuil C, Boukcim H, Selosse MA, Fiema Z, Botte E, Nehme L, Ducousso M. Revealing human impact on natural ecosystems through soil bacterial DNA sampled from an archaeological site. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16546. [PMID: 38086774 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have affected the surrounding natural ecosystems, including belowground microorganisms, for millennia. Their short- and medium-term effects on the diversity and the composition of soil microbial communities are well-documented, but their lasting effects remain unknown. When unoccupied for centuries, archaeological sites are appropriate for studying the long-term effects of past human occupancy on natural ecosystems, including the soil compartment. In this work, the soil chemical and bacterial compositions were compared between the Roman fort of Hegra (Saudi Arabia) abandoned for 1500 years, and a preserved area located at 120 m of the southern wall of the Roman fort where no human occupancy was detected. We show that the four centuries of human occupancy have deeply and lastingly modified both the soil chemical and bacterial compositions inside the Roman fort. We also highlight different bacterial putative functions between the two areas, notably associated with human occupancy. Finally, this work shows that the use of soils from archaeological sites causes little disruption and can bring relevant information, at a large scale, during the initial surveys of archaeological sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Boivin
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
- Valorhiz, Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - Amélia Bourceret
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Maurice
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Liam Laurent-Webb
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Tomáš Figura
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bourillon
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Odile Domergue
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Fiema
- Department of Culture, Faculty of Art, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmanuel Botte
- Centre Camille Julian, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Laila Nehme
- CNRS, Orient et Méditerranée: Textes, Archéologie, Histoire, Paris, France
| | - Marc Ducousso
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Williamson M, Ball BA. Soil biogeochemical responses to multiple co-occurring forms of human-induced environmental change. Oecologia 2023; 201:1109-1121. [PMID: 36928931 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Human activities cause a multitude of environmental issues, including increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns associated with climate change, air pollution, and other impacts of urbanization. One area highly affected by these issues is the Sonoran Desert, specifically the Phoenix metropolitan area where urbanization is among the most rapid in the United States. Most studies investigate these multiple environmental change factors independently or sometimes in pairs, but rarely all together as co-occurring forms of change. We examined how the simultaneous manipulation of increasing temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, nitrogen deposition, and urbanization influenced soil respiration and mineral N pools in the Sonoran Desert. Soil was collected from urban and exurban sites, from both nitrogen-fertilized and control plots. To simulate projected climate change, the soils were incubated in microcosm at the annual average Phoenix temperature as well a 2 ℃ increase under a factorial precipitation treatment of decreased frequency and increased pulse size. Our results show that C and N dynamics were altered by all four forms of environmental change. However, the dominance of significant 3- and 4-way interactions among the four environmental factors for both respiration and mineral N pools demonstrates that the impact of any given form of environmental change will depend on the levels of the other environmental factors. In other words, the cumulative effect of altered precipitation, fertilization, temperature, and urbanization on soil biogeochemical processes is not necessarily predictable from their individual impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Williamson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, 1407 W. Thunderbird Rd., Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA
| | - Becky A Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, 1407 W. Thunderbird Rd., Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA.
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