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Jhanani GK, Govindasamy C, Raghavendra T. Germination and biological adaptation approaches as salt-stress tolerance process in selected paddy cultivars under salinity stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119566. [PMID: 38971355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cultivating productive paddy crops on salty soil to maximise production is a challenging approach to meeting the world's growing food demand. Thus, determining salinity tolerance rates in specific paddy cultivars is urgently needed. In this study, the salt tolerance traits of selected paddy cultivars, ADT45 and ADT39, were investigated by analysing germination, metabolites (pigments and biomolecules), and enzymatic (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) adaptation strategies as salt-stress tolerance mechanisms. This study found that salinity-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently detoxified by the antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) in ADT45 paddy varieties, followed by ADT39. Salinity stress had a significant impact on pigments and essential biomolecules in ADT45 and ADT39 paddy cultivars, including total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, and proline. ADT45 demonstrated a significant relationship between H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme levels, followed by ADT39 paddy but not IR64. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses revealed that ADT45, followed by ADT39, is a potential salt-tolerant rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Jhanani
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Raghavendra
- Environmental Science Division, H&S Department, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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2
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Fan D, Fu W, Li L, Liu S, Bu Y. Differential salt stress resistance in male and female Salix linearistipularis plants: insights from transcriptome profiling and the identification of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase gene. PLANTA 2024; 260:91. [PMID: 39259289 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lysine plays an essential role in the growth differences between male and female S. linearistipularis plants under salt stress. Furthermore, SlDHDPS is identified as a vital gene contributing to the differences in saline-alkali tolerance between male and female plants of S. linearistipularis. Soil salinization is a significant problem that severely restricts agricultural production worldwide. High salinity and low nutrient concentrations consequently prevent the growth of most plant species. Salix linearistipularis is the only woody plant (shrub) naturally distributed in the saline-alkali lands of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, and it is one of the few plants capable of thriving in soils with extremely high salt and alkaline pH (>9.0) levels. However, insufficient attention has been given to the interplay between salt and nitrogen in the growth and development of S. linearistipularis. Here, the male and female plants of S. linearistipularis were subjected to salt stress with nitrogen-starvation or nitrogen-supplement treatments, and it was found that nitrogen significantly affects the difference in salt tolerance between male and female plants, with nitrogen-starvation significantly enhancing the salt stress tolerance of female plants compared to male plants. Transcriptional analyses showed 66 differentially expressed nitrogen-responsive genes in female and male roots, with most of them showing sexual differences in expression patterns under salinity stress. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that six genes had an opposite salt-induced expression pattern in female and male roots. The expression of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase encoding gene (SlDHDPS) in female roots was higher than that in male roots. Further treatment with exogenous lysine could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the growth of female and male plants. These results indicate that the SlDHDPS in the nitrogen metabolism pathway is involved in the resistance of S. linearistipularis to salt stress, which lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of nitrogen on salt tolerance of S. linearistipularis, and has a significant reference value for saline-alkali land management and sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road No. 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Weichao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road No. 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road No. 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road No. 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Paparella A, Kongala PR, Serio A, Rossi C, Shaltiel-Harpaza L, Husaini AM, Ibdah M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Sustainable Improvement of Carrot Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2092. [PMID: 39124210 PMCID: PMC11314595 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
From an agricultural perspective, carrots are a significant tap root vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family because of their nutritional value, health advantages, and economic importance. The edible part of a carrot, known as the storage root, contains various beneficial compounds, such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and other nutrients. It has a crucial role in human nutrition as a significant vegetable and raw material in the nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The cultivation of carrot fields is susceptible to a wide range of biotic and abiotic hazards, which can significantly damage the plants' health and decrease yield and quality. Scientific research mostly focuses on important biotic stressors, including pests, such as nematodes and carrot flies, as well as diseases, such as cavity spots, crown or cottony rot, black rot, and leaf blight, caused by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. The emerging challenges in the field include gaining a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between hosts and pathogens in the carrot-pathogen system, identifying the elements that contribute to disease development, expanding knowledge of systemic treatments, exploring host resistance mechanisms, developing integrated control programs, and enhancing resistance through breeding approaches. In fact, the primary carrot-growing regions in tropical and subtropical climates are experiencing abiotic pressures, such as drought, salinity, and heat stress, which limit carrot production. This review provides an extensive, up-to-date overview of the literature on biotic and abiotic factors for enhanced and sustainable carrot production, considering the use of different technologies for the shelf-life extension of carrots. Therefore, it addresses the current issues in the carrot production chain, opening new perspectives for the exploration of carrots both as a food commodity and as a source of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Paparella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Prasada Rao Kongala
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Liora Shaltiel-Harpaza
- Migal Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel Hai College, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Amjad M. Husaini
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar 19005, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
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Mushtaq S, Yousaf Z, Anjum I, Arshad S, Aftab A, Maqbool Z, Shahzadi Z, Ullah R, Ali EA. Application of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles to prolong commercial availability of Vitis vinifera L. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101157. [PMID: 38317670 PMCID: PMC10839251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to extend shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L.) by the application of green synthesized Magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. juss. and various concentrations of 20 mM, 30 mM, and 40 mM solutions of Magnesium nitrate hexa hydrate salt, were used to synthesize nanoparticles of different size. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by SEM, XRD, and UV. The antimicrobial activity of MgO NPs was evaluated for Azospirilum brasilense and Trichoderma viride, representative of microbes responsible for V. vinifera fruits spoilage. Nanoparticles with crystal size of 28.60 nm has more pronounced effect against microbes. The Shelf life of the Vitis vinifera L. was evaluated by application of 28.60 nm MgO NPs through T1 (nanoparticles coated on packaging), T2 (nanoparticles coated directly on fruit) at 4 °C and 25 °C. T1 at 4 °C was effective to extend the shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L) for an average of 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahneela Mushtaq
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeena Arshad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Maqbool
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shahzadi
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Szymonik K, Klimek-Chodacka M, Lukasiewicz A, Macko-Podgórni A, Grzebelus D, Baranski R. Comparative analysis of the carrot miRNAome in response to salt stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21506. [PMID: 38057586 PMCID: PMC10700493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects the yield and quality of crops, including carrot. During salt stress, plant growth and development are impaired by restricted water uptake and ion cytotoxicity, leading to nutrient imbalance and oxidative burst. However, the molecular mechanisms of the carrot plant response to salt stress remain unclear. The occurrence and expression of miRNAs that are potentially involved in the regulation of carrot tolerance to salinity stress were investigated. The results of small RNA sequencing revealed that salt-sensitive (DH1) and salt-tolerant (DLBA) carrot varieties had different miRNA expression profiles. A total of 95 miRNAs were identified, including 71 novel miRNAs, of which 30 and 23 were unique to DH1 and DLBA, respectively. The comparison of NGS and qPCR results allowed identification of two conserved and five novel miRNA involved in carrot response to salt stress, and which differentiated the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Degradome analysis supported by in silico-based predictions and followed by expression analysis of exemplary target genes pointed at genes related to proline, glutathione, and glutamate metabolism pathways as potential miRNA targets involved in salt tolerance, and indicated that the regulation of osmoprotection and antioxidant protection, earlier identified as being more efficient in the tolerant variety, may be controlled by miRNAs. Furthermore, potential miRNA target genes involved in chloroplast protection, signal transduction and the synthesis and modification of cell wall components were indicated in plants growing in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Szymonik
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Lukasiewicz
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Macko-Podgórni
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzebelus
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
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Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Samadi M, Kazemeini SA, Ozturk M, Ludwiczak A, Piernik A. ROS Homeostasis and Antioxidants in the Halophytic Plants and Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3023. [PMID: 37687270 PMCID: PMC10490260 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are excited or partially reduced forms of atmospheric oxygen, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism like many physiochemical processes operating throughout seed life. Previously, it was believed that ROS are merely cytotoxic molecules, however, now it has been established that they perform numerous beneficial functions in plants including many critical roles in seed physiology. ROS facilitate seed germination via cell wall loosening, endosperm weakening, signaling, and decreasing abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Most of the existing knowledge about ROS homeostasis and functions is based on the seeds of common plants or model ones. There is little information about the role of ROS in the germination process of halophyte seeds. There are several definitions for halophytic plants, however, we believed "halophytes are plants that can grow in very saline environment and complete their life cycle by adopting various phenological, morphological and physiological mechanisms at canopy, plant, organelle and molecular scales". Furthermore, mechanisms underlying ROS functions such as downstream targets, cross-talk with other molecules, and alternative routes are still obscure. The primary objective of this review is to decipher the mechanisms of ROS homeostasis in halophytes and dry seeds, as well as ROS flux in germinating seeds of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
- National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd 8917357676, Iran
- Natural Resources Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz 7155863511, Iran
| | - Maryam Samadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Munir Ozturk
- Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczak
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.L.); (A.P.)
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Aftab A, Ali M, Yousaf Z, Binjawhar DN, Hyder S, Aftab Z, Maqbool Z, Shahzadi Z, Eldin SM, Iqbal R, Ali I. Shelf-life extension of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. using selenium nanoparticles synthesized from Cassia fistula Linn. leaves. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3464-3484. [PMID: 37324842 PMCID: PMC10261745 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragaria × ananassa Duch. (Strawberry) fruit is susceptible to postharvest diseases, thus decrease in quality attributes, such as physiological and biochemical properties leads to decrease in shelf life. The objective of the present study was to check the effect of Selenium NP's and packaging conditions on the shelf life of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits. The shelf life was observed with 4 days intervals and examined for characteristics such as physiological weight loss, moisture content, percentage decay loss, peroxidase, catalase, and DPPH radical scavenging. The quality change of postharvest Fragaria × ananassa Duch. was monitored by the application of selenium nanoparticles (T1 plant extract in 10 mM salt solution, T2 plant extract in 30 mM salt solution, T3 plant extract in 40 mM salt solution, T4 distilled water; control) in different packaging materials (plastic bags, cardboard, and brown paper) at different storage conditions (6°C and 25°C). 10 mM, 20 mM, and 30 mM solution of sodium selenite salt, prepared from 1 M stock solution. Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using Cassia fistula L. extract and sodium selenite salt solution. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a stabilizer. The nanoparticles were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy and X-Ray diffractometer (XRD). It was observed that the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Treated with T1 (CFE and 10 mM salt solution) stored in plastic packaging at ±6°C showed the best physiological parameters and hence the treatment is recommended for storage without affecting the quality of strawberry fruit up to 16 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arusa Aftab
- Department of BotanyLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Maira Ali
- Department of BotanyLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of BotanyLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of BotanyGovernment College Women University SialkotSialkotPakistan
| | - Zill‐e‐Huma Aftab
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Zainab Maqbool
- Department of BotanyLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Zainab Shahzadi
- Department of BotanyLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew CairoEgypt
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur PakistanBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and BiodiversityUniversity of SwatCharbaghPakistan
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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Georgieva M, Vassileva V. Stress Management in Plants: Examining Provisional and Unique Dose-Dependent Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065105. [PMID: 36982199 PMCID: PMC10049000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the effects of different stress factors on higher plants, with particular attention given to the typical and unique dose-dependent responses that are essential for plant growth and development. Specifically, this review highlights the impact of stress on genome instability, including DNA damage and the molecular, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms that generate these effects. We provide an overview of the current understanding of predictable and unique dose-dependent trends in plant survival when exposed to low or high doses of stress. Understanding both the negative and positive impacts of stress responses, including genome instability, can provide insights into how plants react to different levels of stress, yielding more accurate predictions of their behavior in the natural environment. Applying the acquired knowledge can lead to improved crop productivity and potential development of more resilient plant varieties, ensuring a sustainable food source for the rapidly growing global population.
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Chauhan PK, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M, Singh R, Krishna D, Singh SK, Dwivedi P. Understanding the salinity stress on plant and developing sustainable management strategies mediated salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and CRISPR/Cas9. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-37. [PMID: 36254096 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's ionic, osmotic, and oxidative balance, as well as numerous physiological functions. Plants have a variety of coping strategies to deal with salt stress, including osmosensing, osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, increased antioxidant synthesis, and so on. Not only does salt stress cause oxidative stress but also many types of stress do as well, thus plants have an effective antioxidant system to battle the negative effects of excessive reactive oxygen species produced as a result of stress. Rising salinity in the agricultural field affects crop productivity and plant development considerably; nevertheless, plants have a well-known copying mechanism that shields them from salt stress by facilitated production of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, ionhomeostasis, ABAbiosynthesis, and so on. To address this problem, various environment-friendly solutions such as salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, eco-friendly additives, and foliar applications of osmoprotectants/antioxidants are urgently needed. CRISPR/Cas9, a new genetic scissor, has recently been discovered to be an efficient approach for reducing salt stress in plants growing in saline soil. Understanding the processes underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress might lead to more effective crop yield control measures in the future. In order to address this information, the current review discusses recent advances in plant stress mechanisms against salinity stress-mediated antioxidant systems, as well as the development of appropriate long-term strategies for plant growth mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. RamManohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Deeksha Krishna
- College of agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Fiji
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Department of Agri-Business, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Shree B, Jayakrishnan U, Bhushan S. Impact of key parameters involved with plant-microbe interaction in context to global climate change. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008451. [PMID: 36246210 PMCID: PMC9561941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have a critical influence on climate change that directly or indirectly impacts plant and microbial diversity on our planet. Due to climate change, there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme environmental events such as temperature rise, drought, and precipitation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, CH4, NOx, water vapor, increase in global temperature, and change in rainfall patterns have impacted soil–plant-microbe interactions, which poses a serious threat to food security. Microbes in the soil play an essential role in plants’ resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. The soil microbial communities are sensitive and responsive to these stressors. Therefore, a systemic approach to climate adaptation will be needed which acknowledges the multidimensional nature of plant-microbe-environment interactions. In the last two scores of years, there has been an enhancement in the understanding of plant’s response to microbes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels due to the availability of techniques and tools. This review highlights some of the critical factors influencing plant-microbe interactions under stress. The association and response of microbe and plants as a result of several stresses such as temperature, salinity, metal toxicity, and greenhouse gases are also depicted. New tools to study the molecular complexity of these interactions, such as genomic and sequencing approaches, which provide researchers greater accuracy, reproducibility, and flexibility for exploring plant-microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate, are also discussed in the review, which will be helpful in the development of resistant crops/plants in present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Shashi Bhushan,
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Zhang D, Tang Y, Zhang C, Huhe F, Wu B, Gong X, Chuang SSC, Zheng J. Formulating Zwitterionic, Responsive Polymers for Designing Smart Soils. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203899. [PMID: 35996809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of new remediation strategies and materials for treating saline-alkaline soils is of fundamental and practical importantance for many applications. Conventional soil remediation strategies mainly focus on the development of fertilizers or additives for water, nutrient, and heavy metal managements in soils, but they often overlook a soil sensing function for early detection of salinization/alkalization levels toward optimal and timely soil remediation. Here, new smart soils, structurally consisting of the upper signal soil and the bottom hygroscopic bed and chemically including zwitterionic, thermo-responsive poly(NIPAM-co-VPES) and poly(NIPAM-co-SBAA) aerogels in each soil layer are formulated. Upon salinization, the resultant smart soils exhibit multiple superior capacities for reducing the soil salinity and alkalinity through ion exchange, controlling the water cycling, modulating the degradation of pyridine-base ligands into water-soluble, nitrogenous salts-rich ingredients for soil fertility, and real-time monitoring salinized soils via pH-induced allochroic color changes. Further studies of plant growth in smart soils with or without salinization treatments confirm a synergy effect of soil remediation and soil sensing on facilitating the growth of plants and increasing the saline-alkaline tolerance of plants. The esign concept of smart soils can be further expanded for soil remediation and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Chang Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Fnu Huhe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Baoyi Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiong Gong
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Steven S C Chuang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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