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Kwon MG, Kim C, Kim SM, Yoo TJ, Lee Y, Hwang HJ, Lee S, Lee BH. Demonstration of a low power and high-speed graphene/silicon heterojunction near-infrared photodetector. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3391-3398. [PMID: 38933854 PMCID: PMC11197439 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The structure and process of the graphene/Si heterojunction near-infrared photodetector were optimized to enhance the operating speed limit. The introduction of a well-designed structure improved the rise time from 12.6 μs to 115 ns, albeit at the expense of the responsivity, which decreased from 1.25 A W-1 to 0.56 A W-1. Similarly, the falling time was improved from 38 μs to 288 ns with a sacrifice in responsivity from 1.25 A W-1 to 0.29 A W-1, achieved through the introduction of Ge-induced defect-recombination centers within the well. Through a judicious well design and the introduction of recombination defect centers, the minimum pulse width could be improved from 50.6 μs to 435 ns, facilitating 2 MHz operation. This represents more than 100 times increase compared to previously reported graphene and graphene/Si hybrid photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyu Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Cihyun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Hwang
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Mokpo National University 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon Muan-gun Jeollanam-do 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
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He Y, Hu Y, Peng M, Fu L, Gao E, Liu Z, Dong C, Li S, Ge C, Yuan C, Bao X, Li K, Chen C, Tang J. One-Dimensional Crystal-Structure Te-Se Alloy for Flexible Shortwave Infrared Photodetector and Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5774-5782. [PMID: 38709116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Flexible shortwave infrared detectors play a crucial role in wearable devices, bioimaging, automatic control, etc. Commercial shortwave infrared detectors face challenges in achieving flexibility due to the high fabrication temperature and rigid material properties. Herein, we develop a high-performance flexible Te0.7Se0.3 photodetector, resulting from the unique 1D crystal structure and small elastic modulus of Te-Se alloying. The flexible photodetector exhibits a broad-spectrum response ranging from 365 to 1650 nm, a fast response time of 6 μs, a broad linear dynamic range of 76 dB, and a specific detectivity of 4.8 × 1010 Jones at room temperature. The responsivity of the flexible detector remains at 93% of its initial value after bending with a small curvature of 3 mm. Based on the optimized flexible detector, we demonstrate its application in shortwave infrared imaging. These results showcase the great potential of Te0.7Se0.3 photodetectors for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Liuchong Fu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ertan Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zunyu Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chong Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sen Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ciyu Ge
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Can Yuan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaoqing Bao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Kanghua Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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Yu X, Ji Y, Shen X, Le X. Progress in Advanced Infrared Optoelectronic Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 38786801 PMCID: PMC11123936 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Infrared optoelectronic sensors have attracted considerable research interest over the past few decades due to their wide-ranging applications in military, healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and human-computer interaction systems. A comprehensive understanding of infrared optoelectronic sensors is of great importance for achieving their future optimization. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in infrared optoelectronic sensors. Firstly, their working mechanisms are elucidated. Then, the key metrics for evaluating an infrared optoelectronic sensor are introduced. Subsequently, an overview of promising materials and nanostructures for high-performance infrared optoelectronic sensors, along with the performances of state-of-the-art devices, is presented. Finally, the challenges facing infrared optoelectronic sensors are posed, and some perspectives for the optimization of infrared optoelectronic sensors are discussed, thereby paving the way for the development of future infrared optoelectronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyun Le
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Lee S, Lee J, Sim HR, So C, Chung DS. Shortwave Infrared Organic Photodiodes Realized by Polaron Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310250. [PMID: 38016048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for developing shortwave IR (SWIR) organic photodiodes (OPDs) using doped polymers is presented. SWIR OPDs are challenging to produce because of the limitations in extending the absorption of conjugated molecules and the high dark currents of SWIR-absorbing materials. Herein, it is shown that the conversion of bound polarons to free polarons by light energy can be utilized as an SWIR photodetection mechanism. To maximize the bound-polaron density and bound-to-free polaron ratio of the doped polymer film, the doping process is engineered and dopant molecules are diffused into the crystalline domain of the polymer matrix and a direct correlation between the bound-to-free polaron ratio and device performance is confirmed. The optimized double-doped SWIR OPD exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 77 100% and specific detectivity of 1.11 × 1011 Jones against SWIR. These findings demonstrate the application potential of polarons as alternatives for Frenkel excitons in SWIR OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Tai YC, An S, Huang PR, Jheng YT, Lee KC, Cheng HH, Kim M, Chang GE. Transfer-printing-enabled GeSn flexible resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors with strain-amplified mid-infrared optical responses. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7745-7754. [PMID: 37000582 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) flexible photodetectors (FPDs) constitute an essential element for wearable applications, including health-care monitoring and biomedical detection. Compared with organic materials, inorganic semiconductors are promising candidates for FPDs owing to their superior performance as well as optoelectronic properties. Herein, for the first time, we present the use of transfer-printing techniques to enable a cost-effective, nontoxic GeSn MIR resonant-cavity-enhanced FPDs (RCE-FPDs) with strain-amplified optical responses. A narrow bandgap nontoxic GeSn nanomembrane was employed as the active layer, which was grown on a silicon-on-insulator substrate and then transfer-printed onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, eliminating the unwanted defects and residual compressive strain, to yield the MIR RCE-FPDs. In addition, a vertical cavity was created for the GeSn active layer to enhance the optical responsivity. Under bending conditions, significant tensile strain up to 0.274% was introduced into the GeSn active layer to effectively modulate the band structure, extend the photodetection in the MIR region, and substantially enhance the optical responsivity to 0.292 A W-1 at λ = 1770 nm, corresponding to an enhancement of 323% compared with the device under flat conditions. Moreover, theoretical simulations were performed to confirm the strain effect on the device performance. The results demonstrated high-performance, nontoxic MIR RCE-FPDs for applications in flexible photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Chen Tai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Shu An
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Po-Rei Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Tong Jheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chih Lee
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Cheng
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Gao Z, Wang M, Ding G, Du C, Jiang Y, Jia H, Wang W, Chen H, Deng Z. Opto-electrical and polarization performance of a mesa-structured InGaAs PIN detector integrated with subwavelength aluminum gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6173-6176. [PMID: 37219200 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polarization detection in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region presents broad applications in target-background contrast enhancement, underwater imaging, material classification, etc. A mesa structure can prevent electrical cross talk due to its intrinsic advantages, making it potentially suited to meet the need for manufacturing smaller-sized devices to save cost and shrink volume. In this Letter, mesa-structured InGaAs PIN detectors with a spectral response ranging from 900 nm to 1700 nm and a detectivity of 6.28 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2/W at 1550 nm and -0.1 V bias (room temperature) have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the devices with subwavelength gratings in four orientations show obvious polarization performance. Their extinction ratios (ERs) can reach 18:1 at 1550 nm and their transmittances are over 90%. Such a polarized device with a mesa structure could realize miniaturized SWIR polarization detection.
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