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Bok I, Phillips J, Zhu T, Lu J, Detienne E, Lima EA, Weiss BP, Jasanoff A, Hai A. Magnetic Detection of Neural Activity by Nanocoil Transducers. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39319575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings from brain cells are performed routinely using implanted electrodes, but they traditionally require a wired connection to the outside of the brain. A completely passive, wireless device that does not require on-board power for active transmission but that still facilitates remote detection could open the door for mass-scale direct recording of action potentials and transform the way we acquire brain signals. We present a nanofabricated coil that forms a neuroelectromagnetic junction, yielding a highly enhanced magnetic field transduction of electrophysiology. We show that this micrometer-scale device enables remote magnetic detection of neuronal fields from the center of the coil using room temperature superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. Further, time-locked stimulation in conjunction with magnetometry demonstrates thresholding behavior that affirms the viability of the technology for detection with no requirement for wires or on-board power. This strategy may permit unprecedented detection of electrophysiology using magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Bok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jack Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer Lu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02108, United States
| | - Elizabeth Detienne
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02108, United States
| | - Eduardo Andrade Lima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin P Weiss
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02108, United States
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02108, United States
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Kumari P, Wunderlich H, Milojkovic A, López JE, Fossati A, Jahanshahi A, Kozielski K. Multiscale Modeling of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles for the Analysis of Spatially Selective Neural Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302871. [PMID: 38262344 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing field of nanoscale neural stimulators offers a potential alternative to larger scale electrodes for brain stimulation. Nanoelectrodes made of magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) can provide an alternative to invasive electrodes for brain stimulation via magnetic-to-electric signal transduction. However, the magnetoelectric effect is a complex phenomenon and challenging to probe experimentally. Consequently, quantifying the stimulation voltage provided by MENPs is difficult, hindering precise regulation and control of neural stimulation and limiting their practical implementation as wireless nanoelectrodes. The work herein develops an approach to determine the stimulation voltage for MENPs in a finite element analysis (FEA) model. This model is informed by atomistic material properties from ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and supplemented by experimentally obtainable nanoscale parameters. This process overcomes the need for experimentally inaccessible characteristics for magnetoelectricity, and offers insights into the effect of the more manageable variables, such as the driving magnetic field. The model's voltage is compared to in vivo experimental data to assess its validity. With this, a predictable and controllable stimulation is simulated by MENPs, computationally substantiating their spatial selectivity. This work proposes a generalizable and accessible method for evaluating the stimulation capability of magnetoelectric nanostructures, facilitating their realization as wireless neural stimulators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kumari
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Wunderlich
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Milojkovic
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Estudillo López
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Arianna Fossati
- Department of Electronics and Information, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105, Netherlands
| | - Kristen Kozielski
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany
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3
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Ramezani Z, André V, Khizroev S. Modeling the effect of magnetoelectric nanoparticles on neuronal electrical activity: An analog circuit approach. Biointerphases 2024; 19:031001. [PMID: 38738941 DOI: 10.1116/5.0199163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a physical neuron model that incorporates magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as an essential electrical circuit component to wirelessly control local neural activity. Availability of such a model is important as MENPs, due to their magnetoelectric effect, can wirelessly and noninvasively modulate neural activity, which, in turn, has implications for both finding cures for neurological diseases and creating a wireless noninvasive high-resolution brain-machine interface. When placed on a neuronal membrane, MENPs act as magnetic-field-controlled finite-size electric dipoles that generate local electric fields across the membrane in response to magnetic fields, thus allowing to controllably activate local ion channels and locally initiate an action potential. Herein, the neuronal electrical characteristic description is based on ion channel activation and inhibition mechanisms. A MENP-based memristive Hodgkin-Huxley circuit model is extracted by combining the Hodgkin-Huxley model and an equivalent circuit model for a single MENP. In this model, each MENP becomes an integral part of the neuron, thus enabling wireless local control of the neuron's electric circuit itself. Furthermore, the model is expanded to include multiple MENPs to describe collective effects in neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33146
| | - Victoria André
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33146
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33146
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Vareberg AD, Bok I, Eizadi J, Ren X, Hai A. Inference of network connectivity from temporally binned spike trains. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110073. [PMID: 38309313 PMCID: PMC10949361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing neural activity to reconstruct network connectivity is a central focus of neuroscience, yet the spatiotemporal requisites of biological nervous systems are challenging for current neuronal sensing modalities. Consequently, methods that leverage limited data to successfully infer synaptic connections, predict activity at single unit resolution, and decipher their effect on whole systems, can uncover critical information about neural processing. Despite the emergence of powerful methods for inferring connectivity, network reconstruction based on temporally subsampled data remains insufficiently unexplored. NEW METHOD We infer synaptic weights by processing firing rates within variable time bins for a heterogeneous feed-forward network of excitatory, inhibitory, and unconnected units. We assess classification and optimize model parameters for postsynaptic spike train reconstruction. We test our method on a physiological network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons displaying bursting patterns and assess prediction of postsynaptic activity from microelectrode array data. RESULTS Results reveal parameters for improved prediction and performance and suggest that lower resolution data and limited access to neurons can be preferred. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Recent computational methods demonstrate highly improved reconstruction of connectivity from networks of parallel spike trains by considering spike lag, time-varying firing rates, and other underlying dynamics. However, these methods insufficiently explore temporal subsampling representative of novel data types. CONCLUSIONS We provide a framework for reverse engineering neural networks from data with limited temporal quality, describing optimal parameters for each bin size, which can be further improved using non-linear methods and applied to more complicated readouts and connectivity distributions in multiple brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Vareberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Ilhan Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Jenna Eizadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Xiaoxuan Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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Li J, Wu C, Zeng M, Zhang Y, Wei D, Sun J, Fan H. Functional material-mediated wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9056-9083. [PMID: 37649427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injuries and neurological diseases remain intractable clinical challenges. Despite the advantages of stem cell therapy in treating neurological disorders, uncontrollable cell fates and loss of cell function in vivo are still challenging. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the roles of external physical signals, such as electricity and ultrasound, in regulating stem cell fate as well as activating or inhibiting neuronal activity, which provides new insights for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, direct physical stimulations in vivo are short in accuracy and safety. Functional materials that can absorb energy from a specific physical field exerted in a wireless way and then release another localized physical signal hold great advantages in mediating noninvasive or minimally invasive accurate indirect physical stimulations to promote the therapeutic effect on neurological disorders. In this review, the mechanism by which various physical signals regulate stem cell fate and neuronal activity is summarized. Based on these concepts, the approaches of using functional materials to mediate indirect wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration are systematically reviewed. We expect that this review will contribute to developing wireless platforms for neural stimulation as an assistance for the treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingze Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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Bok I, Vareberg A, Gokhale Y, Bhatt S, Masterson E, Phillips J, Zhu T, Ren X, Hai A. Wireless agents for brain recording and stimulation modalities. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37726851 PMCID: PMC10510192 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
New sensors and modulators that interact wirelessly with medical modalities unlock uncharted avenues for in situ brain recording and stimulation. Ongoing miniaturization, material refinement, and sensitization to specific neurophysiological and neurochemical processes are spurring new capabilities that begin to transcend the constraints of traditional bulky and invasive wired probes. Here we survey current state-of-the-art agents across diverse realms of operation and evaluate possibilities depending on size, delivery, specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. We begin by describing implantable and injectable micro- and nano-scale electronic devices operating at or below the radio frequency (RF) regime with simple near field transmission, and continue with more sophisticated devices, nanoparticles and biochemical molecular conjugates acting as dynamic contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US) transduction and other functional tomographic modalities. We assess the ability of some of these technologies to deliver stimulation and neuromodulation with emerging probes and materials that provide minimally invasive magnetic, electrical, thermal and optogenetic stimulation. These methodologies are transforming the repertoire of readily available technologies paired with compatible imaging systems and hold promise toward broadening the expanse of neurological and neuroscientific diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Bok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Vareberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yash Gokhale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyash Bhatt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily Masterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jack Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of WI - Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, Rm 2112, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA.
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Marrella A, Suarato G, Fiocchi S, Chiaramello E, Bonato M, Parazzini M, Ravazzani P. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles shape modulates their electrical output. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1219777. [PMID: 37691903 PMCID: PMC10485842 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) have recently gained popularity thanks to their capability in inducing a local electric polarization upon an applied magnetic field and vice versa. This work estimates the magnetoelectrical behavior, in terms of magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME), via finite element analysis of MENPs with different shapes under either static (DC bias) and time-variant (AC bias) external magnetic fields. With this approach, the dependence of the magnetoelectrical performance on the MENPs geometrical features can be directly derived. Results show that MENPs with a more elongated morphology exhibits a superior αME if compared with spherical nanoparticles of similar volume, under both stimulation conditions analyzed. This response is due to the presence of a larger surface area at the interface between the magnetostrictive core and piezoelectric shell, and to the MENP geometrical orientation along the direction of the magnetic field. These findings pave a new way for the design of novel high-aspect ratio magnetic nanostructures with an improved magnetoelectric behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Suarato
- *Correspondence: A. Marrella, ; G. Suarato,
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Ding J, Su B, Chen Z, Xiao Z, Wu C, Wei D, Sun J, Luo F, Yin H, Fan H. Wireless-Powering Deep Brain Stimulation Platform Based on 1D-Structured Magnetoelectric Nanochains Applied in Antiepilepsy Treatment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15796-15809. [PMID: 37530448 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a top priority for pharmacoresistant epilepsy treatment, while less-invasive wireless DBS is an urgent priority but challenging. Herein, we developed a conceptual wireless DBS platform to realize local electric stimulation via 1D-structured magnetoelectric Fe3O4@BaTiO3 nanochains (FBC). The FBC was facilely synthesized via magnetic-assisted interface coassembly, possessing a higher electrical output by inducing larger local strain from the anisotropic structure and strain coherence. Subsequently, wireless magnetoelectric neuromodulation in vitro was synergistically achieved by voltage-gated ion channels and to a lesser extent, the mechanosensitive ion channels. Furthermore, FBC less-invasively injected into the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) obviously inhibited acute and continuous seizures under magnetic loading, exhibiting excellent therapeutic effects in suppressing both high voltage electroencephalogram signals propagation and behavioral seizure stage and neuroprotection of the hippocampus mediated via the Papez circuit similar to conventional wired-in DBS. This work establishes an advanced antiepilepsy strategy and provides a perspective for other neurological disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanwen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Luo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Huabing Yin
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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Smith IT, Zhang E, Yildirim YA, Campos MA, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Yildirim B, Ramezani Z, Andre VL, Scott-Vandeusen A, Liang P, Khizroev S. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology applications of magnetoelectric nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1849. [PMID: 36056752 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike any other nanoparticles known to date, magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) can generate relatively strong electric fields locally via the application of magnetic fields and, vice versa, have their magnetization change in response to an electric field from the microenvironment. Hence, MENPs can serve as a wireless two-way interface between man-made devices and physiological systems at the molecular level. With the recent development of room-temperature biocompatible MENPs, a number of novel potential medical applications have emerged. These applications include wireless brain stimulation and mapping/recording of neural activity in real-time, targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tissue regeneration, high-specificity cancer cures, molecular-level rapid diagnostics, and others. Several independent in vivo studies, using mice and nonhuman primates models, demonstrated the capability to deliver MENPs in the brain across the BBB via intravenous injection or, alternatively, bypassing the BBB via intranasal inhalation of the nanoparticles. Wireless deep brain stimulation with MENPs was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo in different rodents models by several independent groups. High-specificity cancer treatment methods as well as tissue regeneration approaches with MENPs were proposed and demonstrated in in vitro models. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies were dedicated to understand the underlying mechanisms of MENPs-based high-specificity targeted drug delivery via application of d.c. and a.c. magnetic fields. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Takako Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Elric Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Yagmur Akin Yildirim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Manuel Alberteris Campos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Mostafa Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Burak Yildirim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Zeinab Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Louise Andre
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Aidan Scott-Vandeusen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Cellular Nanomed, Inc. (CNMI), Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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10
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Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020153. [PMID: 36826323 PMCID: PMC9957407 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
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Modeling of core-shell magneto-electric nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Effect of composition, dimension, and magnetic field features on magnetoelectric response. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274676. [PMID: 36149898 PMCID: PMC9506614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of core-shell nanoparticles which combine strain coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases, has attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to yield strong magnetoelectric effect even at room temperature, thus making them a promising tool to enable biomedical applications. To fully exploit their potentialities and to adapt their use to in vivo applications, this study analyzes, through a numerical approach, their magnetoelectric behavior, shortly quantified by the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME), thus providing an important milestone for the characterization of the magnetoelectric effect at the nanoscale. In view of recent evidence showing that αME is strongly affected by both the applied magnetic field DC bias and AC frequency, this study implements a nonlinear model, based on magnetic hysteresis, to describe the responses of two different core-shell nanoparticles to various magnetic field excitation stimuli. The proposed model is also used to evaluate to which extent realistic variables such as core diameter and shell thickness affect the electric output. Results prove that αME of 80 nm cobalt ferrite-barium titanate (CFO-BTO) nanoparticles with a 60:40 ratio is equal to about 0.28 V/cm∙Oe corresponding to electric fields up to about 1000 V/cm when a strong DC bias is applied. However, the same electric output can be obtained even in absence of DC field with very low AC fields, by exploiting the hysteretic characteristics of the same composites. The analysis of core and shell dimension is as such to indicate that, to maximize αME, larger core diameter and thinner shell nanoparticles should be preferred. These results, taken together, suggest that it is possible to tune magnetoelectric nanoparticles electric responses by controlling their composition and their size, thus opening the opportunity to adapt their structure on the specific application to pursue.
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