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Smith R, Morgan K, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Ultra-fast in vivodirectional dark-field x-ray imaging for visualising magnetic control of particles for airway gene delivery. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:105025. [PMID: 38640914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad40f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Magnetic nanoparticles can be used as a targeted delivery vehicle for genetic therapies. Understanding how they can be manipulated within the complex environment of live airways is key to their application to cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases.Approach.Dark-field x-ray imaging provides sensitivity to scattering information, and allows the presence of structures smaller than the detector pixel size to be detected. In this study, ultra-fast directional dark-field synchrotron x-ray imaging was utlilised to understand how magnetic nanoparticles move within a live, anaesthetised, rat airway under the influence of static and moving magnetic fields.Main results.Magnetic nanoparticles emerging from an indwelling tracheal cannula were detectable during delivery, with dark-field imaging increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of this event by 3.5 times compared to the x-ray transmission signal. Particle movement as well as particle retention was evident. Dynamic magnetic fields could manipulate the magnetic particlesin situ. Significance.This is the first evidence of the effectiveness ofin vivodark-field imaging operating at these spatial and temporal resolutions, used to detect magnetic nanoparticles. These findings provide the basis for further development toward the effective use of magnetic nanoparticles, and advance their potential as an effective delivery vehicle for genetic agents in the airways of live organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Smith
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kaye Morgan
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
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Donnelley M, Lagerquist L, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, Morgan K, Parsons D. Noncontact Respiratory Motion Detection in Anesthetized Rodents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:559-568. [PMID: 37816589 PMCID: PMC10772912 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Small animal physiology studies are often complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron radiation facilities. This is because these facilities are typically not designed specifically for biomedical research, and the animals and image detectors are located away from the researchers in a radiation enclosure. In respiratory X-ray imaging studies one challenge is the detection of respiration in free-breathing anaesthetised rodents, to enable images to be acquired at specific phases of the breath and for detecting changes in respiratory rate. We have previously used a Philtec RC60 sensor interfaced to a PowerLab data acquisition system and custom-designed timing hub to perform this task. Here we evaluated the Panasonic HL-G108 for respiratory sensing. The performance of the two sensors for accurate and reliable breath detection was directly compared using a single anesthetized rat. We also assessed how an infrared heat lamp used to maintain body temperature affected sensor performance. Based on positive results from these comparisons, the HL-G108 sensor was then used for respiratory motion detection in tracheal X-ray imaging studies of 21 rats at the SPring-8 Synchrotron, including its use for gated image acquisition. The results of that test were compared to a similar imaging study that used the RC60 for respiratory detection in 19 rats. Finally, the HL-G108 sensor was tested on 5 mice to determine its effectiveness on smaller species. The results showed that the HL-G108 is much more robust and easier to configure than the RC60 sensor and produces an analog signal that is amenable to stable peak detection. Furthermore, gated image acquisition produced sequences with substantially reduced motion artefacts, enabling the additional benefit of reduced radiation dose through the application of shuttering. Finally, the mouse experiments showed that the HL-G108 is equally capable of detecting respiration in this smaller species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Lina Lagerquist
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA, 5042, Australia; and
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Nikki Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Kaye Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
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