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Yarahmadi A, Dousti B, Karami-Khorramabadi M, Afkhami H. Materials based on biodegradable polymers chitosan/gelatin: a review of potential applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1397668. [PMID: 39157438 PMCID: PMC11327468 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1397668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased mass manufacturing and the pervasive use of plastics in many facets of daily life have had detrimental effects on the environment. As a result, these worries heighten the possibility of climate change due to the carbon dioxide emissions from burning conventional, non-biodegradable polymers. Accordingly, biodegradable gelatin and chitosan polymers are being created as a sustainable substitute for non-biodegradable polymeric materials in various applications. Chitosan is the only naturally occurring cationic alkaline polysaccharide, a well-known edible polymer derived from chitin. The biological activities of chitosan, such as its antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial qualities, have recently piqued the interest of researchers. Similarly, gelatin is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the hydrolytic breakdown of collagen protein and offers various medicinal advantages owing to its unique amino acid composition. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies focusing on applying chitosan and gelatin polymers in various fields. These include using gelatin and chitosan as food packaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial properties, properties encapsulating biologically active substances, tissue engineering, microencapsulation technology, water treatment, and drug delivery. This review emphasizes the significance of investigating sustainable options for non-biodegradable plastics. It showcases the diverse uses of gelatin and chitosan polymers in tackling environmental issues and driving progress across different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dousti
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karami-Khorramabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
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Sadiq S, Khan I, Shen Z, Wang M, Xu T, Khan S, Zhou X, Bahadur A, Rafiq M, Sohail S, Wu P. Recent Updates on Multifunctional Nanomaterials as Antipathogens in Humans and Livestock: Classification, Application, Mode of Action, and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:7674. [PMID: 38005395 PMCID: PMC10675011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens cause infections and millions of deaths globally, while antipathogens are drugs or treatments designed to combat them. To date, multifunctional nanomaterials (NMs), such as organic, inorganic, and nanocomposites, have attracted significant attention by transforming antipathogen livelihoods. They are very small in size so can quickly pass through the walls of bacterial, fungal, or parasitic cells and viral particles to perform their antipathogenic activity. They are more reactive and have a high band gap, making them more effective than traditional medications. Moreover, due to some pathogen's resistance to currently available medications, the antipathogen performance of NMs is becoming crucial. Additionally, due to their prospective properties and administration methods, NMs are eventually chosen for cutting-edge applications and therapies, including drug administration and diagnostic tools for antipathogens. Herein, NMs have significant characteristics that can facilitate identifying and eliminating pathogens in real-time. This mini-review analyzes multifunctional NMs as antimicrobial tools and investigates their mode of action. We also discussed the challenges that need to be solved for the utilization of NMs as antipathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Iltaf Khan
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Mengdong Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Sohail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 94640, Pakistan;
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Ali Bahadur
- College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China;
| | - Madiha Rafiq
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sumreen Sohail
- Department of Information Technology, Careerera, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
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Herdiana Y, Husni P, Nurhasanah S, Shamsuddin S, Wathoni N. Chitosan-Based Nano Systems for Natural Antioxidants in Breast Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2953. [PMID: 37447598 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, accounting for around 13% of all deaths. Chemotherapy, the common treatment for cancer, can have side effects that lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in oxidative stress in the body. Antioxidants are important for maintaining the health of cells and helping the immune system function properly. They play a crucial role in balancing the body's internal environment. Using natural antioxidants is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of oxidative stress. However, around 80% of natural antioxidants have limited effectiveness when taken orally because they do not dissolve well in water or other solvents. This poor solubility affects their ability to be absorbed by the body and limits their bioavailability. One strategy that has been considered is to increase their water solubility to increase their oral bioavailability. Chitosan-based nanoparticle (CSNP) systems have been extensively explored due to their reliability and simpler synthesis routes. This review focuses on the various methods of chitosan-based nanoformulation for developing effective oral dosage forms for natural antioxidants based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Chitosan (CS) could be a model, because of its wide use in polymeric NPs research, thus providing a better understanding of the role of vehicles that carry natural antioxidants in maintaining the stability and enhancing the performance of cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Patihul Husni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurhasanah
- Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Lam WS, Lam WH, Lee PF. The Studies on Chitosan for Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2857. [PMID: 37049151 PMCID: PMC10096242 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with vast applications in pharmacology, medicine, paper making, agriculture, and the food industry due to its low toxicity. Chitosan also plays an important role in the sustainable environment since chitosan is able to absorb greenhouse gases, harmful organic matter, and heavy ions. Therefore, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of chitosan for sustainable development using the Scopus database from 1976 to 2023. A performance analysis on the 8002 documents was performed with Harzing's Publish or Perish. Science mapping was conducted using VOSviewer. The annual publication on chitosan for sustainable development showed an upward trend in recent years as the annual publication peaked in 2022 with 1178 documents with most of the documents being articles and published in journals. Material science, chemistry, and engineering are tightly related subject areas. China had the highest publication of 1560 total documents while the United States had the most impactful publication with 55,019 total citations, 68.77 citations per document, 77.6 citations per cited document, h-index 110, and g-index of 211. India had the largest international collaboration with 572 total link strength. "International Journal of Biological Macromolecules", "Carbohydrate Polymers", and "Polymers" have been identified as the top three source titles that publish the most documents on chitosan for sustainable development. The emerging trends in chitosan on sustainable development focus on the application of chitosan as an antibacterial agent and biosorbent for contaminants, especially in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weng Hoe Lam
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia; (W.S.L.); (P.F.L.)
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Ahghari MR, Amiri-Khamakani Z, Maleki A. Synthesis and characterization of Se doped Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for catalytic and biological properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1007. [PMID: 36653396 PMCID: PMC9849448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Se-doped Fe3O4 with antibacterial properties was synthesized using by a coprecipitation method. The chemistry and morphology of the Se doped Fe3O4 nanocomposite were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4/Se nanocomposite was examined against G+ (Gram-positive) and G- (Gram-negative) bacteria, in the order Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli, which are the most harmful and dangerous bacteria. Fe3O4/Se, as a heterogeneous catalyst, was successfully applied to the synthesis of pyrazolopyridine and its derivatives via a one-pot four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, ammonium acetate, and various aromatic aldehydes. Fe3O4/Se was easily separated from the bacteria-containing solution using a magnet. Its admissible magnetic properties, crystalline structure, antibacterial activity, mild reaction conditions, and green synthesis are specific features that have led to the recommendation of the use of Fe3O4/Se in the water treatment field and medical applications. Direct Se doping of Fe3O4 was successfully realized without additional complicated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ahghari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri-Khamakani
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
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Elgadir MA, Mariod AA. Gelatin and Chitosan as Meat By-Products and Their Recent Applications. Foods 2022; 12:60. [PMID: 36613275 PMCID: PMC9818858 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat by-products such as bones, skin, horns, hooves, feet, skull, etc., are produced from slaughtered mammals. Innovative solutions are very important to achieving sustainability and obtaining the added value of meat by-products with the least impact on the environment. Gelatin, which is obtained from products high in collagen, such as dried skin and bones, is used in food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Chitosan is derived from chitin and is well recognized as an edible polymer. It is a natural product that is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Recently, chitosan has attracted researchers' interests due to its biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. In this review, article, we highlighted the recent available information on the application of gelatin and chitosan as antioxidants, antimicrobials, food edible coating, enzyme immobilization, biologically active compound encapsulation, water treatment, and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Abd Elgadir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalbasit Adam Mariod
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Alkamil Branch, University of Jeddah, Alkamil 21931, Saudi Arabia
- Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage Centre, Ghibaish College of Science and Technology, Ghibaish P.O. Box 100, Sudan
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Recent Reports on Polysaccharide-Based Materials for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194189. [PMID: 36236137 PMCID: PMC9572459 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides constitute one of the most important families of biopolymers. Natural polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems are of constant interest to the scientific community due to their unique properties: biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and high availability. These promising biomaterials protect sensitive active agents and provide their controlled release in targeted sites. The application of natural polysaccharides as drug delivery systems is also intensively developed by Polish scientists. The present review focuses on case studies from the last few years authored or co-authored by research centers in Poland. A particular emphasis was placed on the diversity of the formulations in terms of the active substance carried, the drug delivery route, the composition of the material, and its preparation method.
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