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Das S, Mondal S, Ghosh D. Carbon quantum dots in bioimaging and biomedicines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1333752. [PMID: 38318419 PMCID: PMC10841552 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1333752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are gaining a lot more attention than traditional semiconductor quantum dots owing to their intrinsic fluorescence property, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and simple and inexpensive synthetic route of preparation. These properties allow CQDs to be utilized for a broad range of applications in various fields of scientific research including biomedical sciences, particularly in bioimaging and biomedicines. CQDs are a promising choice for advanced nanomaterials research for bioimaging and biomedicines owing to their unique chemical, physical, and optical properties. CQDs doped with hetero atom, or polymer composite materials are extremely advantageous for biochemical, biological, and biomedical applications since they are easy to prepare, biocompatible, and have beneficial properties. This type of CQD is highly useful in phototherapy, gene therapy, medication delivery, and bioimaging. This review explores the applications of CQDs in bioimaging and biomedicine, highlighting recent advancements and future possibilities to increase interest in their numerous advantages for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Somnath Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Pongchaikul P, Hajidariyor T, Khetlai N, Yu YS, Arjfuk P, Khemthong P, Wanmolee W, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Nanostructured N/S doped carbon dots/mesoporous silica nanoparticles and PVA composite hydrogel fabrication for anti-microbial and anti-biofilm application. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100209. [PMID: 37711848 PMCID: PMC10498006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarding the convergence of the worldwide epidemic, the appearance of bacterial infection has occasioned in a melodramatic upsurge in bacterial pathogens with confrontation against one or numerous antibiotics. The implementation of engineered nanostructured particles as a delivery vehicle for antimicrobial agent is one promising approach that could theoretically battle the setbacks mentioned. Among all nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles have been found to provide functional features that are advantageous for combatting bacterial contagion. Apart from that, carbon dots, a zero-dimension nanomaterial, have recently exhibited their photo-responsive property to generate reactive oxygen species facilitating to enhance microorganism suppression and inactivation ability. In this study, potentials of core/shell mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSN) in conjugation with carbon dots (CDs) toward antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli have been investigated. Nitrogen and sulfur doped CDs (NS/CDs) conjugated with MSN which were cost effective nanoparticles exhibited much superior antimicrobial activity for 4 times as much as silver nanoparticles against all bacteria tested. Among all nanoparticles tested, 0.40 M NS/CDs@MSN showed the greatest minimal biofilm inhibitory at very low concentration (< 0.125 mg mL-1), followed by 0.20 M NS/CDs@MSN (0.5 mg mL-1), CD@MSN (25 mg mL-1), and MSN (50 mg mL-1), respectively. Immobilization of NS/CDs@MSN in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was performed and its effect on antimicrobial activity, biofilm controlling efficiency, and cytotoxicity toward fibroblast (NIH/3 T3 and L-929) cells was additionally studied for further biomedical applications. The results demonstrated that 0.40 M NS/CDs-MSN@PVA hydrogel exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on S. aureus > P. aeruginosa > E. coli. In addition, MTT assay revealed some degree of toxicity of 0.40 M NS/CDs-MSN@PVA hydrogel against L-929 cells by a slight reduction of cell viability from 100% to 81.6% when incubated in the extract from 0.40 M NS/CDs-MSN@PVA hydrogel, while no toxicity of the same hydrogel extract was detected toward NIH/3 T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Tasnim Hajidariyor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Navarat Khetlai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pariyapat Arjfuk
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Pongtanawat Khemthong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwitoo Wanmolee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institute, Zhunan: 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Supajaruwong S, Porahong S, Wibowo A, Yu YS, Khan MJ, Pongchaikul P, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Scaling-up of carbon dots hydrothermal synthesis from sugars in a continuous flow microreactor system for biomedical application as in vitro antimicrobial drug nanocarrier. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2260298. [PMID: 37859865 PMCID: PMC10583617 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2260298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of nanomaterials exhibiting high biocompatibility, water solubility, functionality, and tunable fluorescence (FL) property. Due to the limitations of batch hydrothermal synthesis in terms of low CDs yield and long synthesis duration, this work aimed to increase its production capacity through a continuous flow reactor system. The influence of temperature and time was first studied in a batch reactor for glucose, xylose, sucrose and table sugar precursors. CDs synthesized from sucrose precursor exhibited the highest quantum yield (QY) (175.48%) and the average diameter less than 10 nm (~6.8 ± 1.1 nm) when synthesized at 220°C for 9 h. For a flow reactor system, the best condition for CDs production from sucrose was 1 mL min-1 flow rate at 280°C, and 0.2 MPa pressure yielding 53.03% QY and ~ 6.5 ± 0.6 nm average diameter (6.6 mg min-1 of CDs productivity). CDs were successfully used as ciprofloxacin (CP) nanocarrier for antimicrobial activity study. The cytotoxicity study showed that no effect of CDs on viability of L-929 fibroblast cells was detected until 1000 µg mL-1 CDs concentration. This finding demonstrates that CDs synthesized via a flow reactor system have a high zeta potential and suitable surface properties for nano-theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriboon Supajaruwong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sirawich Porahong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Agung Wibowo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Arel I, Ay A, Wang J, Gil-Herrera LK, Dumanli AG, Akbulut O. Encapsulation of Carbon Dots in a Core-Shell Mesh through Coaxial Direct Ink Writing for Improved Crop Growth. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:13939-13949. [PMID: 37771763 PMCID: PMC10523578 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Through coaxial direct ink writing, we fabricated a core-shell mesh system for the controlled release of carbon dots (C-dots). In the core ink, we developed an ink formulation with tuned viscosity using hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol to host C-dots. Polycaprolactone was employed as the main shell material, in combination with sodium alginate, to control the degradation rate of the shell. We investigated the degradation profile of the 3D-printed meshes and tracked the weekly release of C-dots in an aqueous medium by spectrofluorometry. We tested the efficacy of the C-dot release on plants by placing the meshes in transparent soil with Triticum aestivum L. seeds. We observed the in vivo translocation of the C-dots in the plant using confocal microscopy. We measured the root elongation and shoot length to assess the effect of C-dots on plant growth. Our study revealed that the plants exposed to C-dots grew 2.5-fold faster than the control group, indicating that C-dots are promising nanofertilizers for aggrotech and non-toxic fluorescent biolabels for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isik Arel
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ay
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Luz Karime Gil-Herrera
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ahu Gümrah Dumanli
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ozge Akbulut
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Abu N, Chinnathambi S, Kumar M, Etezadi F, Bakhori NM, Zubir ZA, Md Salleh SN, Shueb RH, Karthikeyan S, Thangavel V, Abdullah J, Pandian GN. Development of biomass waste-based carbon quantum dots and their potential application as non-toxic bioimaging agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28230-28249. [PMID: 37753403 PMCID: PMC10518661 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have advanced significantly and gained substantial attention for their numerous benefits. These benefits include their simple preparation, cost-effectiveness, small size, biocompatibility, bright luminescence, and low cytotoxicity. As a result, they hold great potential for various fields, including bioimaging. A fascinating aspect of synthesizing CQDs is that it can be accomplished by using biomass waste as the precursor. Furthermore, the synthesis approach allows for control over the physicochemical characteristics. This paper unequivocally examines the production of CQDs from biomass waste and their indispensable application in bioimaging. The synthesis process involves a simple one-pot hydrothermal method that utilizes biomass waste as a carbon source, eliminating the need for expensive and toxic reagents. The resulting CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioimaging applications. The successful application of biomass-derived CQDs has been demonstrated through biological evaluation studies in various cell lines, including HeLa, Cardiomyocyte, and iPS, as well as in medaka fish eggs and larvae. Using biomass waste as a precursor for CQDs synthesis provides an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional methods. The resulting CQDs have potential applications in various fields, including bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Mahima Kumar
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fatemeh Etezadi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Zuhana Ahmad Zubir
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Nizam Md Salleh
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Subramani Karthikeyan
- Centre for Healthcare Advancement, Innovation and Research, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600 127 India
| | - Vaijayanthi Thangavel
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Saengsrichan A, Khemthong P, Wanmolee W, Youngjan S, Phanthasri J, Arjfuk P, Pongchaikul P, Ratchahat S, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Platinum/carbon dots nanocomposites from palm bunch hydrothermal synthesis as highly efficient peroxidase mimics for ultra-low H2O2 sensing platform through dual mode of colorimetric and fluorescent detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1230:340368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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