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Pavlovic B, Bräutigam K, Dartiguenave F, Martel P, Rakauskas A, Cesson V, Veit M, Oechslin P, Gu A, Hermanns T, Saba K, Poyet C, Hötker AM, Rupp NJ, Valerio M, Derré L, Eberli D, Banzola I. Urine biomarkers can predict prostate cancer and PI-RADS score prior to biopsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18148. [PMID: 39103428 PMCID: PMC11300834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) based screening of prostate cancer (PCa) needs refinement. The aim of this study was the identification of urinary biomarkers to predict the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score and the presence of PCa prior to prostate biopsy. Urine samples from patients with elevated PSA were collected prior to prostate biopsy (cohort = 99). The re-analysis of mass spectrometry data from 45 samples was performed to identify urinary biomarkers to predict the PI-RADS score and the presence of PCa. The most promising candidates, i.e. SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1), Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), Alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP), keratin 13 (KRT13), cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99) and hornerin (HRNR), were quantified by ELISA and validated in an independent cohort of 54 samples. Various biomarker combinations showed the ability to predict the PI-RADS score (AUC = 0.79). In combination with the PI-RADS score, the biomarkers improve the detection of prostate carcinoma-free men (AUC = 0.89) and of those with clinically significant PCa (AUC = 0.93). We have uncovered the potential of urinary biomarkers for a test that allows a more stringent prioritization of mpMRI use and improves the decision criteria for prostate biopsy, minimizing patient burden by decreasing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaz Pavlovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Bräutigam
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florence Dartiguenave
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Martel
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnas Rakauskas
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Veit
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Oechslin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karim Saba
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Hötker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Banzola
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Gao Y, Kim H, Kitata RB, Lin TT, Swensen AC, Shi T, Liu T. Multiplexed quantitative proteomics in prostate cancer biomarker development. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:31-69. [PMID: 39032952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer among men in the United States. However, the widely used protein biomarker in PCa, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), while useful for initial detection, its use alone cannot detect aggressive PCa and can lead to overtreatment. This chapter provides an overview of PCa protein biomarker development. It reviews the state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies for PCa biomarker development, such as enhancing the detection sensitivity of low-abundance proteins through antibody-based or antibody-independent protein/peptide enrichment, enriching post-translational modifications such as glycosylation as well as information-rich extracellular vesicles, and increasing accuracy and throughput using advanced data acquisition methodologies. This chapter also summarizes recent PCa biomarker validation studies that applied those techniques in diverse specimen types, including cell lines, tissues, proximal fluids, urine, and blood, developing novel protein biomarkers for various clinical applications, including early detection and diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Gao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Reta Birhanu Kitata
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Adam C Swensen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States.
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Barashi NS, Li T, Angappulige DH, Zhang B, O’Gorman H, Nottingham CU, Shetty AS, Ippolito JE, Andriole GL, Mahajan NP, Kim EH, Mahajan K. Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Suppressed Epigenetic Regulator HOXB13 Shows a Lower Incidence of Prostate Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:213. [PMID: 38201640 PMCID: PMC10778073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify variations in gene expression that could help elucidate the pathways for the development of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). We included 98 men with BPH, a positive prostate MRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System; PIRADS ≥ 4), and a negative biopsy from November 2014 to January 2018. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on tissue cores from the MRI lesion and a geographically distant region (two regions per patient). All patients were followed for at least three years to identify who went on to develop PCa. We compared the gene expressions of those who did not develop PCa ("BPH-only") vs. those who did ("BPH/PCa"). Then, we identified the subset of men with BPH who had the highest American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores ("symptomatic BPH") and compared their gene expression to the BPH/PCa group. At a median follow-up of 47.5 months, 15 men had developed PCa while 83 did not. We compared gene expressions of 14 men with symptomatic BPH (AUAss ≥ 18) vs. 15 with BPH/PCa. We found two clusters of genes, suggesting the two groups had distinctive molecular features. Differential analysis revealed genes that were upregulated in BPH-only and downregulated in BPH/PCa, and vice versa. Symptomatic BPH men had upregulation of T-cell activation markers (TCR, CD3, ZAP70, IL-2 and IFN-γ and chemokine receptors, CXCL9/10) expression. In contrast, men with BPH/PCa had upregulation of NKX3-1 and HOXB13 transcription factors associated with luminal epithelial progenitors but depleted of immune cells, suggesting a cell-autonomous role in immune evasion. Symptomatic BPH with immune-enriched landscapes may support anti-tumor immunity. RNA sequencing of benign prostate biopsy tissue showing upregulation of NKX3-1 and HOXB13 with the absence of T-cells might help in identifying men at higher risk of future PCa development, which may be useful in determining ongoing PCa screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod S. Barashi
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
| | - Tiandao Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Duminduni H. Angappulige
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harry O’Gorman
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Charles U. Nottingham
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anup S. Shetty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph E. Ippolito
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P. Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric H. Kim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (E.H.K.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Guan T, Sidana A, Rao MB. Reliability of Systematic and Targeted Biopsies versus Prostatectomy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1395. [PMID: 38135986 PMCID: PMC10740569 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic Biopsy (SBx) has been and continues to be the standard staple for detecting prostate cancer. The more expensive MRI guided biopsy (MRITBx) is a better way of detecting cancer. The prostatectomy can provide an accurate condition of the prostate. The goal is to assess how reliable SBx and MRITBx are vis à vis prostatectomy. Graded Gleason scores are used for comparison. Cohen's Kappa index and logistic regression after binarization of the graded Gleason scores are some of the methods used to achieve our goals. Machine learning methods, such as classification trees, are employed to improve predictability clinically. The Cohen's Kappa index is 0.31 for SBx versus prostatectomy, which means a fair agreement. The index is 0.34 for MRITBx versus prostatectomy, which again means a fair agreement. A direct comparison of SBx versus prostatectomy via binarized graded scores gives sensitivity 0.83 and specificity 0.50. On the other hand, a direct comparison of MRITBx versus prostatectomy gives sensitivity 0.78 and specificity 0.67, putting MRITBx on a higher level of accuracy. The SBx and MRITBx do not yet match the findings of prostatectomy completely, but they are useful. We have developed new biomarkers, considering other pieces of information from the patients, to improve the accuracy of SBx and MRITBx. From a clinical point of view, we provide a prediction model for prostatectomy Gleason grades using classification tree methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Guan
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Abhinav Sidana
- Division of the Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Marepalli B. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
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Gabriele C, Aracri F, Prestagiacomo LE, Rota MA, Alba S, Tradigo G, Guzzi PH, Cuda G, Damiano R, Veltri P, Gaspari M. Development of a predictive model to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by integrating serum glycoproteomics and clinical variables. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:52. [PMID: 37990292 PMCID: PMC10662699 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate Cancer (PCa) represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum testing, currently used for PCa screening, lacks the necessary sensitivity and specificity. New non-invasive diagnostic tools able to discriminate tumoral from benign conditions and aggressive (AG-PCa) from indolent forms of PCa (NAG-PCa) are required to avoid unnecessary biopsies. METHODS In this work, 32 formerly N-glycosylated peptides were quantified by PRM (parallel reaction monitoring) in 163 serum samples (79 from PCa patients and 84 from individuals affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)) in two technical replicates. These potential biomarker candidates were prioritized through a multi-stage biomarker discovery pipeline articulated in: discovery, LC-PRM assay development and verification phases. Because of the well-established involvement of glycoproteins in cancer development and progression, the proteomic analysis was focused on glycoproteins enriched by TiO2 (titanium dioxide) strategy. RESULTS Machine learning algorithms have been applied to the combined matrix comprising proteomic and clinical variables, resulting in a predictive model based on six proteomic variables (RNASE1, LAMP2, LUM, MASP1, NCAM1, GPLD1) and five clinical variables (prostate dimension, proPSA, free-PSA, total-PSA, free/total-PSA) able to distinguish PCa from BPH with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.93. This model outperformed PSA alone which, on the same sample set, was able to discriminate PCa from BPH with an AUC of 0.79. To improve the clinical managing of PCa patients, an explorative small-scale analysis (79 samples) aimed at distinguishing AG-PCa from NAG-PCa was conducted. A predictor of PCa aggressiveness based on the combination of 7 proteomic variables (FCN3, LGALS3BP, AZU1, C6, LAMB1, CHL1, POSTN) and proPSA was developed (AUC of 0.69). CONCLUSIONS To address the impelling need of more sensitive and specific serum diagnostic tests, a predictive model combining proteomic and clinical variables was developed. A preliminary evaluation to build a new tool able to discriminate aggressive presentations of PCa from tumors with benign behavior was exploited. This predictor displayed moderate performances, but no conclusions can be drawn due to the limited number of the sample cohort. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gabriele
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Aracri
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Licia Elvira Prestagiacomo
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pietro Hiram Guzzi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veltri
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Wang Y, Lih TSM, Höti N, Sokoll LJ, Chesnut G, Petrovics G, Kohaar I, Zhang H. Differentially expressed glycoproteins in pre- and post-digital rectal examination urine samples for detecting aggressive prostate cancer. Proteomics 2022; 23:e2200023. [PMID: 36479985 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary glycoproteins associated with aggressive prostate cancer (AG-PCa) were previously reported using post-digital rectal examination (DRE) urine specimens. To explore the potential of using pre-DRE urine specimens for detecting AG-PCa, we compared glycoproteins between pre- and post-DRE urine specimens, verified the previously identified post-DRE AG-PCa-associated urinary glycoproteins in pre-DRE urine specimens, and explored potential new glycoproteins for AG-PCa detection in pre-DRE urine specimens. Quantitative glycoproteomic data were acquired for 154 pre-DRE urine specimens from 41 patients with no cancer at biopsy, 48 patients with non-AG-PCa (Gleason score = 6), and 65 patients with AG-PCa (Gleason score 7 or above). Compared to glycopeptides from the post-DRE urine data, humoral immunity-related proteins were enriched in pre-DRE urine samples, whereas cell mediated immune response proteins were enriched in post-DRE urine samples. Analyses of AG-PCa-associated glycoproteins from pre-DRE urine revealed that the three urinary glycoproteins, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP), and CD97 antigen (CD97) that were previously identified in post-DRE urine samples, were also observed as AG-PCa associated glycoproteins in pre-DRE urine. In addition, we identified three new glycoproteins, fibrillin 1 (FBN1), vitronectin (VTN), and hemicentin 2 (HMCN2), to be potentially associated with AG-PCa in pre-DRE urine specimens. In summary, glycoprotein profiles differ between pre- and post-DRE urine specimens. The identified AG-PCa-associated glycoproteins may be further evaluated in large cohort of pre-DRE urine specimens for detecting clinically significant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Chesnut
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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