Accuracy and reliability of the optoelectronic plethysmography and the heart rate systems for measuring breathing rates compared with the spirometer

Advances in Respiratory Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review of Wearable and Remote Technologies

This article explores the importance of wearable and remote technologies in healthcare. The focus highlights its potential in continuous monitoring, examines the specificity of the issue, and offers a view of proactive healthcare. Our research describes a wide range of device types and scientific methodologies, starting from traditional chest belts to their modern alternatives and cutting-edge bioamplifiers that distinguish breathing from chest impedance variations. We also investigated innovative technologies such as the monitoring of thorax micromovements based on the principles of seismocardiography, ballistocardiography, remote camera recordings, deployment of integrated optical fibers, or extraction of respiration from cardiovascular variables. Our review is extended to include acoustic methods and breath and blood gas analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of different approaches to respiratory monitoring. The topic of monitoring respiration with wearable and remote electronics is currently the center of attention of researchers, which is also reflected by the growing number of publications. In our manuscript, we offer an overview of the most interesting ones.

Efficacy of Marker-Based Motion Capture for Respiratory Cycle Measurement: A Comparison with Spirometry

Respiratory rate monitoring is fundamental in clinical settings, and the accuracy of measurement methods is critical. This study aimed to develop and validate methods for assessing respiratory rate and the duration leof respiratory cycle phases in different body positions using optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) based on a motion capture video system. Two analysis methods, the summation method and the triangle method were developed. The study focused on determining the optimal number of markers while achieving accuracy in respiratory parameter measurements. The results showed that most analysis methods showed a difference of ≤0.5 breaths per minute, with R2 ≥ 0.94 (p < 0.001) compared to spirometry. The best OEP methods for respiratory rate were the abdominal triangles and the sum of abdominal markers in all body positions. The study explored inspiratory and expiratory durations. The research found that 5-9 markers were sufficient to accurately determine respiratory time components in all body positions, reducing the marker requirements compared to previous studies. This interchangeability of OEP methods with standard spirometry demonstrates the potential of non-invasive methods for the simultaneous assessment of body segment movements, center of pressure dynamics, and respiratory movements. Future research is required to improve the clinical applicability of these methods.

Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology

Sleep is an essential physiological activity, accounting for about one-third of our lives, which significantly impacts our memory, mood, health, and children's growth. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, sleep health issues have attracted more attention. In recent years, with the development of wearable electronic devices, there have been more and more studies, products, or solutions related to sleep monitoring. Many mature technologies, such as polysomnography, have been applied to clinical practice. However, it is urgent to develop wearable or non-contacting electronic devices suitable for household continuous sleep monitoring. This paper first introduces the basic knowledge of sleep and the significance of sleep monitoring. Then, according to the types of physiological signals monitored, this paper describes the research progress of bioelectrical signals, biomechanical signals, and biochemical signals used for sleep monitoring. However, it is not ideal to monitor the sleep quality for the whole night based on only one signal. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on multi-signal monitoring and introduces systematic sleep monitoring schemes. Finally, a conclusion and discussion of sleep monitoring are presented to propose potential future directions and prospects for sleep monitoring.