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Gath-Morad M, Grübel J, Steemers K, Sailer K, Ben-Alon L, Hölscher C, Aguilar L. The role of strategic visibility in shaping wayfinding behavior in multilevel buildings. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3735. [PMID: 38355942 PMCID: PMC10866884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the mutual effect of prior background expectations and visibility afforded by the 3D configuration of the physical environment on wayfinding efficiency and strategy in multilevel buildings. We perform new analyses on data from 149 participants who performed six unaided and directed wayfinding tasks in virtual buildings with varying degrees of visibility. Our findings reveal that the interaction between visibility and prior background expectations significantly affects wayfinding efficiency and strategy during between-floor wayfinding tasks. We termed this interaction effect strategic visibility, which emphasizes the importance of the strategic allocation of visibility towards actionable building elements in promoting efficient wayfinding and shaping wayfinding strategy. Our study highlights the significance of strategic visibility in promoting inclusive and accessible built environments for neurodiversity. Finally, we provide an open-source dataset that can be used to develop and test new wayfinding theories and models to advance research in the emerging field of human-building interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gath-Morad
- Cambridge Cognitive Architecture, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- The Behavior and Building Performance Group, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Space Syntax Laboratory, The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jascha Grübel
- Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Game Technology Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Visual Computing Group, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Sustainable Future Mobility, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Geoinformation Engineering Group, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Koen Steemers
- The Behavior and Building Performance Group, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Sailer
- The Space Syntax Laboratory, The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lola Ben-Alon
- Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP), Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Leonel Aguilar
- Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Data Science, Systems and Services Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Li B, Tavakoli A, Heydarian A. Occupant privacy perception, awareness, and preferences in smart office environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4073. [PMID: 36906709 PMCID: PMC10008538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Building management systems tout numerous benefits, such as energy efficiency and occupant comfort but rely on vast amounts of data from various sensors. Advancements in machine learning algorithms make it possible to extract personal information about occupants and their activities beyond the intended design of a non-intrusive sensor. However, occupants are not informed of data collection and possess different privacy preferences and thresholds for privacy loss. While privacy perceptions and preferences are most understood in smart homes, limited studies have evaluated these factors in smart office buildings, where there are more users and different privacy risks. To better understand occupants' perceptions and privacy preferences, we conducted twenty-four semi-structured interviews between April 2022 and May 2022 on occupants of a smart office building. We found that data modality features and personal features contribute to people's privacy preferences. The features of the collected modality define data modality features - spatial, security, and temporal context. In contrast, personal features consist of one's awareness of data modality features and data inferences, definitions of privacy and security, and the available rewards and utility. Our proposed model of people's privacy preferences in smart office buildings helps design more effective measures to improve people's privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Li
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Arash Tavakoli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arsalan Heydarian
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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