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Jiang J, Huang M, Zhang SS, Wu YG, Li XL, Deng H, Qili XY, Chen JL, Meng Y, Sun WK. Identification of Hedyotis diffusa Willd-specific mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network in rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6291. [PMID: 38491124 PMCID: PMC10943027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) possesses heat-clearing, detoxification, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain under-researched. In this study, we identified potential targets of HDW and collected differentially expressed genes of RA from the GEO dataset GSE77298, leading to the construction of a drug-component-target-disease regulatory network. The intersecting genes underwent GO and KEGG analysis. A PPI protein interaction network was established in the STRING database. Through LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE algorithms, we identified the core gene MMP9. Subsequent analyses, including ROC, GSEA enrichment, and immune cell infiltration, correlated core genes with RA. mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks were predicted using databases like TargetScan, miRTarBase, miRWalk, starBase, lncBase, and the GEO dataset GSE122616. Experimental verification in RA-FLS cells confirmed HDW's regulatory impact on core genes and their ceRNA expression. We obtained 11 main active ingredients of HDW and 180 corresponding targets, 2150 RA-related genes, and 36 drug-disease intersection targets. The PPI network diagram and three machine learning methods screened to obtain MMP9, and further analysis showed that MMP9 had high diagnostic significance and was significantly correlated with the main infiltrated immune cells, and the molecular docking verification also showed that MMP9 and the main active components of HDW were well combined. Next, we predicted 6 miRNAs and 314 lncRNAs acting on MMP9, and two ceRNA regulatory axes were obtained according to the screening. Cellular assays indicated HDW inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and MMP9 protein expression dose-dependently, suggesting HDW might influence RA's progression by regulating the MMP9/miR-204-5p/MIAT axis. This innovative analytical thinking provides guidance and reference for the future research on the ceRNA mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Si Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xindu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xindu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qili
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Lin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wen-Kui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
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Srinivasan M, Gangurde A, Chandane AY, Tagalpallewar A, Pawar A, Baheti AM. Integrating network pharmacology and in silico analysis deciphers Withaferin-A's anti-breast cancer potential via hedgehog pathway and target network interplay. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae032. [PMID: 38446743 PMCID: PMC10917074 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the remarkable effectiveness of Withaferin-A (WA), a withanolide obtained from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), in encountering the mortiferous breast malignancy, a global peril. The predominant objective is to investigate WA's intrinsic target proteins and hedgehog (Hh) pathway proteins in breast cancer targeting through the application of in silico computational techniques and network pharmacology predictions. The databases and webtools like Swiss target prediction, GeneCards, DisGeNet and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man were exploited to identify the common target proteins. The culmination of the WA network and protein-protein interaction network were devised using Stitch and String web tools, through which the drug-target network of 30 common proteins was constructed employing Cytoscape-version 3.9. Enrichment analysis was performed by incorporating Gprofiler, Metascape and Cytoscape plugins. David compounded the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and enrichment was computed through bioinformatics tools. The 20 pivotal proteins were docked harnessing Glide, Schrodinger Suite 2023-2. The investigation was governed by docking scores and affinity. The shared target proteins underscored the precise Hh and WA network roles with the affirmation enrichment P-value of <0.025. The implications for hedgehog and cancer pathways were profound with enrichment (P < 0.01). Further, the ADMET and drug-likeness assessments assisted the claim. Robust interactions were noticed with docking studies, authenticated through molecular dynamics, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area scores and bonds. The computational investigation emphasized WA's credible anti-breast activity, specifically with Hh proteins, implying stem-cell-level checkpoint restraints. Rigorous testament is imperative through in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Srinivasan
- Research Scholar, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Apeksha Gangurde
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Ashwini Y Chandane
- Abhinav College of Pharmacy, Narhe, Ambegaon, Pune, Maharashtra 411041, India
| | - Amol Tagalpallewar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Anil Pawar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Akshay M Baheti
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
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Bhoi A, Dwivedi SD, Singh D, Keshavkant S, Singh MR. Plant-Based Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis Regulation: Mechanistic Insights on Pathogenesis, Molecular Pathways, and Delivery Systems. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:39-86. [PMID: 38305341 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023048324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is classified as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder, associated with a varied range of immunological changes, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destructions, as well as bone erosion. The infiltration of immune-modulatory cells and excessive release of proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors into the inflamed regions are key molecules involved in the progression of RA. Even though many conventional drugs are suggested by a medical practitioner such as DMARDs, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, etc., to treat RA, but have allied with various side effects. Thus, alternative therapeutics in the form of herbal therapy or phytomedicine has been increasingly explored for this inflammatory disorder of joints. Herbal interventions contribute substantial therapeutic benefits including accessibility, less or no toxicity and affordability. But the major challenge with these natural actives is the need of a tailored approach for treating inflamed tissues by delivering these bioactive agentsat an appropriate dose within the treatment regimen for an extended periodof time. Drug incorporated with wide range of delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and other nano-vehicles have been developed to achieve this goal. Thus, inclinations of modern treatment are persuaded on the way to herbal therapy or phytomedicines in combination with novel carriers is an alternative approach with less adverse effects. The present review further summarizes the significanceof use of phytocompounds, their target molecules/pathways and, toxicity and challenges associated with phytomolecule-based nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of pharmacy, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.(C.G.) 2. National centre for natural resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
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Zhang Y, Zhu W, Wang J, Zuo Y. Identification of biomarkers associated with immune scores in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228843. [PMID: 37867507 PMCID: PMC10585271 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes irreversible visual impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Immunity played a crucial role in DR. Nevertheless, the triggering mechanism of DR was not yet thorough enough. Herein, we aim to identify the immune-associated genes as biomarkers associated with immune scores that can distinguish early DR from DM without DR. Methods In this study, total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 15 non-proliferative DR patients and 15 DM patients without DR were collected and the transcriptome sequencing data were extracted. Firstly, the target genes were obtained by intersecting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were screened by "limma", and the module genes (related to immune scores), which were screened by "WGCNA". In order to screen for the crucial genes, three machine learning algorithms were implemented, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to obtain the diagnostic genes. Moreover, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to understand the function of diagnostic genes, and analysis of the proportions of immune cells and their association with diagnostic genes was performed to analyze the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, the regulatory network of TF-mRNA-miRNA was built to reveal the possible regulation of diagnostic genes. Finally, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the mRNA level of diagnostic genes. Results A total of three immune-associated diagnostic genes, namely, FAM209B, POM121L1P, and PTGES, were obtained, and their expression was increased in PBMC samples of DR, and qRT-PCR results confirmed these results. Moreover, the functions of these genes were associated with immune response. The expression of POM121L1P and PTGES was significantly negatively associated with naive B cells, and the expression of FAM209B was significantly negatively associated with immature dendritic cells. Moreover, ESR1 could regulate both FAM209B and PTGES. Conclusion This study identified three immune-associated diagnostic genes, FAM209B, POM121L1P, and PTGES, as biomarkers associated with immune scores in DR for the first time. This finding might proffer a novel perspective of the triggering mechanism of DR, and help to understand the role of immune-associated genes in the molecular mechanism of DR more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, China
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Gao H, Li Q. The Prediction of Antioxidant Q-Markers for Angelica dahurica Based on the Dynamics Change in Chemical Compositions and Network Pharmacology. Molecules 2023; 28:5248. [PMID: 37446909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the accumulation and mutual transformation patterns of the chemical components in Angelica dahurica (A. dahurica) and predict the quality markers (Q-Markers) of its antioxidant activity. METHOD The types of and content changes in the chemical components in various parts of A. dahurica during different periods were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (GC-MS). The antioxidant effect of the Q-Markers was predicted using network pharmacological networks, and molecular docking was used to verify the biological activity of the Q-Markers. RESULT The differences in the content changes in the coumarin compounds in different parts were found by using GC-MS technology, with the relative content being the best in the root, followed by the leaves, and the least in the stems. The common components were used as potential Q-Markers for a network pharmacology analysis. The component-target-pathway-disease network was constructed. In the molecular docking, the Q-Markers had a good binding ability with the core target, reflecting better biological activity. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and mutual transformation patterns of the chemical components in different parts of A. dahurica were clarified. The predicted Q-Markers lay a material foundation for the establishment of quality standards and a quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Radu AF, Negru PA, Radu A, Tarce AG, Bungau SG, Bogdan MA, Tit DM, Uivaraseanu B. Simulation-Based Research on Phytoconstituents of Embelia ribes Targeting Proteins with Pathophysiological Implications in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1467. [PMID: 37511842 PMCID: PMC10381729 DOI: 10.3390/life13071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with an autoimmune origin and an incompletely elucidated pathophysiological mechanism. RA pharmacotherapy is based on chemically or biologically active substances that provide clinical alleviation and remission, but the disease is still incurable. As a result, there remains a need for significant therapeutic development, and adjuvant therapies may play an essential role in the search for novel RA treatment strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential phytocompounds and phytocompound derivates as RA treatment agents, using in silico methodologies. In this regard, five phytoconstituents identified in different structures of Embelia ribes were evaluated by in silico methods for their potential action on target proteins of therapeutic interest in RA. The methodology involved identifying the phytocompound with the highest binding toward the target protein via molecular docking using AutoDock Vina 1.5.7, followed by a ligand-based virtual screening based on the structure of the most promising phytocompound using SwissSimilarity. This process led to the identification of ligands that are not currently utilized in medical practice, but that might have the potential to be used in the management of RA after further extensive experimental endorsements. ZINC000004024651 showed the highest binding affinity for the Bruton's tyrosine kinase protein, followed by ZINC000000434197 for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, ZINC000087606977 for interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, and ZINC000014728393 for matrix metallopeptidase 9, the latter two showing higher affinity than the co-crystallized compound. The relatively high affinities to target proteins and the pharmacokinetic data obtained by in silico studies using SwisADME suggest a first step for the inclusion of promising new compounds in various more advanced studies, leading to the evaluation of efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Negru
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ada Radu
- Ducfarm Pharmacy, 410514 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Georgiana Tarce
- Medicine Program of Study, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Uivaraseanu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Surgery Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Lou C, Lin C, Wang W, Jiang H, Cai T, Lin S, Xue X, Lin J, Pan X. Extracts of Oldenlandia diffusa protects chondrocytes via inhibiting apoptosis and associated inflammatory response in osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 316:116744. [PMID: 37295574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disorder that is marked by the gradual breakdown of cartilage and persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane, and is a leading cause of disability among elderly people worldwide. Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) is a member of the Rubiaceae family, and various researches have revealed that it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties.Extracts of Oldenlandia diffusa is commonly used in traditional oriental medicine to treat various illnesses, including inflammation and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of OD and its potential mechanisms on IL-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes, as well as its characteristics in a mouse osteoarthritis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the key targets and potential pathways of OD were determined through network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. The potential mechanism of OD in osteoarthritis was verified by in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that Bax, Bcl2, CASP3, and JUN are key candidate targets of OD for the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is a strong correlation between apoptosis and both OA and OD. Additionally, molecular docking results show that β-sitosterol in OD can strongly bind with CASP3 and PTGS2. In vitro experiments showed that OD pretreatment inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by IL-1β, such as COX2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2. Furthermore, OD reversed IL-1β-mediated degradation of collagen II and aggrecan within the extracellular matrix (ECM). The protective effect of OD can be attributed to its inhibition of the MAPK pathway and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis. Additionally, it was found that OD can alleviate cartilage degradation in a mouse model of knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Our study showed that β-sitosterol, one of the active components of OD, could alleviate the inflammation and cartilage degeneration of OA by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chihao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingwen Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shida Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Olędzka AJ, Czerwińska ME. Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in the Molecular Pathways Related to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054666. [PMID: 36902097 PMCID: PMC10003729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary response to infection and injury. Its beneficial effect is an immediate resolution of the pathophysiological event. However, sustained production of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines may cause alterations in DNA integrity and lead to malignant cell transformation and cancer. More attention has recently been paid to pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory necrosis that activates inflammasomes and the secretion of cytokines. Taking into consideration that phenolic compounds are widely available in diet and medicinal plants, their role in the prevention and support of the treatment of chronic diseases is apparent. Recently, much attention has been paid to explaining the significance of isolated compounds in the molecular pathways related to inflammation. Therefore, this review aimed to screen reports concerning the molecular mode of action assigned to phenolic compounds. The most representative compounds from the classes of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides were selected for this review. Our attention was focused mainly on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Literature searching was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. In conclusion, based on the available literature, phenolic compounds regulate NF-κB, Nrf2, and MAPK signaling, which supports their potential role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata J. Olędzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-61-85
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